基本概念

1. 倒裝句的定義

英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動詞的前面。如果把謂語動詞放在主語前面，就叫做倒裝。

2. 倒裝句的構成

a) 完全倒裝

將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，稱之為完全倒裝。例如：

Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎？

Now comes the chance. 機會來了。

b) 部分倒裝

只將助動詞、系動詞或情態動詞移至主語之前，謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的后面，稱之為部分倒裝。例如：

Has he come? 他來了嗎？

Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。

Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。

3. 倒裝的原因

a) 句子語法結構的需要。例如：

Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會議了嗎？

Long live peace! 和平萬歲！

b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：

Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。

c）強調的需要。倒裝以后，句子更加流暢生動。例如：

Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。

Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。

Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們曾多次警告他們不要這樣做。

4. 倒裝句的基本用法

a) 構成疑問句（除對主語或主語之定語提問的特殊疑問句外）：

When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時候喝你們的喜酒?

Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?

b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中:

Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個一個地離去。

Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來了！

c) 副詞only+狀語放在句首時:

Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時他才認識到自己的錯誤。

Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學好數學。

d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞（如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等）放在句首時:

Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。

Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。

Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火車剛一進站，我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。

e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:

He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。

He hasnt been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒有去過農村，他也不想去那里。

f) 在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首:

Thus ended his life. 這樣結束了他的生命。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。

So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 字那么小，他幾乎看不見。

　

重點疑難

1. 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中，如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和謂語不須倒裝。例如：

There he comes. 他來了。

Away they hurried. 他們急忙走開了。

2. so作“也”講時，引導的句子用倒裝語序，例如：

He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了，我也去了。

如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結果的意思，句子就要用正常語序。例如：

His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影，他就去了。

“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “確實如此。”

3. 某些讓步狀語從句往往把表語提到主語前面或放在句首，以構成倒裝結構。例如：

No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it．不管這本書多有趣，他都不想看。

However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一個固體有多硬，我們都可以改變其形狀。

Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。

4. 在虛擬語氣中，如果非真實條件句省略if，須將主句中的were, had和should等助動詞和主語顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如：

Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些，他就會去學溜冰。

Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods. 如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話，他們就會在深林里迷路。

Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldnt have refused to accept it. 假如他們認識到這個任務是多么重要的話，他們就不致于拒絕接受這項任務。

　

專項練習

I．單項選擇 從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案：

1. My brother had a cold last week, _________.

A. so had I B. so did I

C. I had so D. so I had

2. Not until _________ home __________ his parents had been ill for three days.

A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew

C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know

3. In hardly any situation ________ find her sad.

A. that you can B. that can you

C. you can D. can you

4. Be quick! _________.

A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus

C. The bus here comes D. Here is the bus coming

5. In ________ and the lesson began.

A. the teacher came B. the teacher coming

C. came the teacher D. did the teacher come

6. On the wall _________ two large portraits.

A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging

7. --- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

--- I dont know, _________.

A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care

C. I dont care neither D. neither dont I care

8. Only when _________ how important it is to master English.

A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize

C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized

9. _______ in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.

A. So frightened he was B. So frightened was he

C. He was frightened so D. So he was frightened

10. _______, she is still as strong as you.

A. As old she is B. Old as she is

C. As she is old D. As old is she

II．句型轉換 改寫下列各句，把黑體的副詞放在句首，并使主、謂語倒裝：

1. I have never heard a speech as exciting as this.

2. The mark was so small that I could hardly see it.

3. I hardly turned off the light when my brother came in.

4. It has at no time been more difficult for us to pass the examination.

5. We can succeed only in this way.

6. He did not speak a word at the meeting.

7. Mary not only complained about the food, but also refused to pay for it.

8. She had no sooner begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.

9. Mike has helped me with my English many a time.

10.There was a sudden gust of wind and his hat went away.

答案：I. BCDBC BBBBB

II. 1. Never have I heard a speech as exciting as this.

2. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

3. Hardly did I turn off the light when my mother came in.

4. At no time has it been more difficult for us to pass the examination.

5. Only in this way can we succeed.

6. Not a word did he speak at the meeting.

7. Not only did Mary complain about the food, but also refused to pay for it.

8. No sooner had she begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.

9. Many a time has Mike helped me with my English.

10. There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.