科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit3.doc
標(biāo)題 Mainly Revision
章節(jié) 第三單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一【教學(xué)目的和要求】
1.單詞和詞組
二會： L10 gesture Arab Puerto Rico
L11 communicate host
三會： L9 manage dining room type composition
L10 wave nod
L11distance fist juice one another
四會： L10 body language handshake agreement disagreement Asian kiss custom proud
L11 manner manners comfortable guest
2.日常交際用語
Would you like me to …?
Would you like me to do this for you ?
No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
Is there anything else I can do for you ?
No, thank you. Thanks for all your help.
Can/Shall I help you ?
Would you like some help ?
Thanks/Yes, please.
That’s very kind of you.
3.語法
復(fù)習(xí)和掌握動詞不定式的用法。
二【重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析】
Lesson 9
1.…Would you like me to carry it ? 要我?guī)湍闾嶂鼏幔?/p>
No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 不用，謝謝。我自己能行。
此句對話是本課對話學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)，如何主動提供幫助和如何回答的日常交際用語。
1)當(dāng)你主動提出幫助某人時(shí)（offering help）,可以使用以下用語：
Can I help you ? 我可能幫忙嗎？
Can I do sth for you ? 我能幫你干點(diǎn)什么事嗎？
Would you like some/any help? 你要幫忙嗎？
Would you like me to do sth. for you? 要我?guī)湍阕瞿呈聠幔?/p>
Do you want me to do sth.？你要我做某事嗎？
Let me do sth .for you. 我給你做些事吧。
Is there anything (else ) I can do for you ? 還有什么事我能幫忙嗎？
2)當(dāng)別人向你主動提供幫助，而你愿意接受幫助時(shí)，可以回答：
Thanks. 多謝。
Yes, please.好的。
Thank you for your help. 謝謝你的幫助。
That’s very kind/nice (of you). （你真是）太好了。
3)當(dāng)別人向你主動提供幫助，而你想謝絕時(shí)，可以回答：
It’s all right. Thank you all the same. 不用了，謝謝你。
No, it’s Ok. Thank you all the same. 不，沒關(guān)系，謝謝。
No, thanks, but I can manage. 不，謝謝，我能行。
That’s very kind of you, but I can do/manage it myself.
謝謝你的好意，不過我自己能行。
例如：
A. Can I help you with the housework ? 我來幫你做家務(wù)吧。
B.No, thanks, but I can do it myself. 不，謝謝，我能自己做。
2.It’s a pleasure to meet you .我很高興見到你。
表示見面時(shí)高興心情的方式有以下幾種：
1)It’s good to see/meet you.
It’s nice to see/meet you.
It’s exciting to see/meet you.
It’s wonderful to see/meet you.
It’s delightful to see/meet you.
2)I’m pleased to meet/see you.
I’m delighted to meet/see you.
I’m glad to meet/see you.
I’m happy to meet/see you.
3)I’ve been looking forward to meeting you.
I’ve been wanting to meet you for a long time.
Lesson 10
1.Although we may not realize it, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words.
我們同別人談話時(shí)，并不僅限于用言語來讓人明白自己的思想，盡管我們可能意識不到這一點(diǎn)。
1)此句是一個復(fù)合句。主句是We make ourselves understood not just by words. 它帶有兩個從句。When we talk with others是時(shí)間狀語從句；Although we may not realize it是讓步狀語從句。
2)make sb/sth +過去分詞意為“使某人/某事被……”
句中的make ourselves understood直譯為“使我們自己被別人了解”，意為“使別人了解我們”。
例如：①The teacher raised his voice trying to make himself heard by the students at the back.
老師提高了嗓音，想讓后面的學(xué)生聽到他所說的話。
②When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.
講英語時(shí)，務(wù)必要讓別人明白你的意思。
2.Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.
點(diǎn)頭表示同意，而搖頭則表示不同意。
1)句中的while是連詞，連接兩個并列的分句，表示前后意義上的對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，譯作“然而”。
例如：①I like sports, while he enjoys music. 我喜歡運(yùn)動，而他喜愛音樂。
②Mum was cooking while Dad was watching TV.媽媽在做飯，而爸爸在看電視。
【注】While作“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”解時(shí)，指一段時(shí)間，不能用來表示一點(diǎn)時(shí)間
①While I was sleeping, a thief came into the house.我睡覺時(shí)，小偷進(jìn)了我的屋。
②While in America, I studied music and painting. 在美國時(shí)，我學(xué)習(xí)音樂和油畫。
【注】當(dāng)while從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同，并含有be動詞，助動詞或連系動詞時(shí)，
則while從句中的主語連同be動詞，助動詞或連系動詞一塊省略，可用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的還有when, after,
once, until, though, as, since等等。例如：
①While watching TV, she fell asleep.當(dāng)她看電視時(shí)，她睡著了。
②When going to school, I met a friend of mine .上學(xué)時(shí)，我碰到一個朋友。
2)句中的nodding和shaking都是動詞nod和shake的-ing形式，它們所構(gòu)成的短語分別在句中作主語。
3.These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and English speakers as having the same meanings.
這些姿勢對說漢語的人和說英語的人來說，都具有相同的意思。
accept…as意為“認(rèn)為是……”其中accept意為“接受”、“同意（某種看法）”，as是介詞，后接名詞或-ing形式。例如：
①I can’t accept you as my assistant.我不能接受你作為我的助手。
②We accept the conclusion as true. 我們承認(rèn)這個結(jié)論是對的。
③Waving one’s arms can be accepted as crying for help. 揮舞雙臂可能被人認(rèn)為是呼救。
4.Take nodding the head for example. 比如說點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭這一動作吧。
Take …for example意為“以……為例”，“比如說……”例如：
①Take this problem for example.以這道題為例。
②Take my family for example.就說我的家庭吧。
5.In some Asian countries it means not “yes” but “No”在某些亞州國家，點(diǎn)頭的意思不是“是”，而是“不”。
not…but…是一個連詞詞組，意為“不是……而是”它連接兩個并列的句子成分，表示意思上的轉(zhuǎn)折。例如：
1)Not I but he is a teacher. 不是我而是他是一名教師。
2)I saw not Mary but Joan. 我見到的不是瑪麗而是瓊。
3)That’s not a pen but a pencil. 那不是鋼筆而是鉛筆。
4)My mother asked me not to go out but to stay at home. 我媽媽要我呆在家里不要出門。
5)He was born not in Beijing but in Tianjin. 他不是生于北京而是生于天津。
【注】not…but連接兩個主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要與緊靠它的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致。試比較。
Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there. 不是學(xué)生而是老師希望去那兒。
Not the teacher but the students are hoping to go there. 不是老師而是學(xué)生希望去那兒。
6.French people kiss each other hello and goodbye more often than British people.
法國人在見面和告別時(shí)相互親吻比英國人多。
1)kiss sb. goodbye/hello意思是say goodbye /hello to sb. with a kiss.
I kissed her good night. 晚上我與她吻別。
She kissed her mother hello as soon as she got home. 她一到家就親吻她的媽媽表示問好。
2)kiss v.（風(fēng)、浪）輕拂
The wind was gently kissing the trees. 微風(fēng)輕拂著樹枝。
7.Generally speaking, people from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much.
一般地說，英語國家的人不大彼此觸碰。
English-speaking countries意為“說英語的國家。”English-speaking是復(fù)合詞，作定語，修飾countries,這三個詞在邏輯上有主謂賓的關(guān)系，speaking可看作是countries的動作，是主動關(guān)系，因此用-ing形式，English可看作為speaking的邏輯賓語。
8.In Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right hand; the left hand is not used at all.
在阿拉伯國家，人們用右手的手指吃飯，左手是根本不用的。
此句中的using the fingers of you right hand是-ing短語，在句中用作方式狀語，修飾謂語動詞作eat。例如：
①Children usually count the numbers using their fingers .孩子們通常板著指頭來數(shù)數(shù)。
②We show disagreement shaking our heads.我們搖頭表示不同意。
9.In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
在亞洲的某些地區(qū)，你不可坐著把腳蹺起對著別人。
with your feet pointing at another person是一種“with+復(fù)合賓語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，又叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，它是由“with+名詞+分詞或分詞短語”組成，在句中作狀語表示伴隨動作。分詞的形式取決于該動詞與前面名詞之間的關(guān)系，是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。
例如：①The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the stars in the sky.
小男孩躺在草地上，眼睛望著天上的星星。
②Father usually works in his study with the door locked.
父親通常鎖著門在書房工作。
10.Foreigners should follow these customs when they are visiting these countries.
外國人到這些國家參觀訪問，就應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守這些習(xí)俗。
follow意為“遵循，聽從，依照……行事。”例如：
We should follow the rules of the lab when we are doing experiments.
我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，就要遵守實(shí)驗(yàn)室的規(guī)則。
Lesson 11
1.It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friend when they are talking.
阿拉伯人和朋友談話時(shí)，與他站得很近，這是表示有禮貌。
1)manner作“禮貌”講時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式manners.
例如：It is bad manners to leave without saying goodbye. 不辭而別很不禮貌。
2)形式主語it的句型
It is/was +adj/n +(for sb)to do sth.
句型中的for sb to do sth是不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，它是形式主語it所代表的真正主語，其中
的for sb是不定式的邏輯主語。例如：
①It is important for us to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語對我們來說很重要。
②It is our duty to help others .幫助別人是我們的責(zé)任。
2.The Arab who is friendly will stand close to his friend, but the Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.
表現(xiàn)友好的阿拉伯人會站得離他的朋友很近，而英國人則會往后挪動，以保持一定距離。句中的keep a certain distance away意為“保持一定的距離”其中certain意為“某個”，“一定的”“某種程度，”在句中作定語。例如：
There is a certain distance between the village and the railway station.
在村莊和火車站之間還有一定的距離。
3.City people in Britain and the United States stand closer than those who live in the country.
英國和美國的城里人比鄉(xiāng)下人站的距離近。
句中的those who…相當(dāng)于peope who,意為“凡……的人”。表示的是兩者以上的不定數(shù)量。例如：
Those who want to visit the exhibition may write down your names here.
凡想去參觀展覽會的人可以在我這簽名。
試比較：①Anybody who breaks the rules is punished.任何違反規(guī)章制度的人將受到懲罰。
②Those who break the rules are punished.
注意主從句的謂語動詞要保持一致。
在①句中，主句的主語是Anybody,謂語是is punished, 用單數(shù)，Who breaks the rules是定語從句，修飾Anybody, who在從句中作主語，代表Anybody,所以謂語動詞breaks也要用單數(shù)形式。
在②句中，主句的主語是Those, 謂語是are punished。用復(fù)數(shù)，who break the rules是定語從句，修飾Those、who在從句中作主語，代表Those，所以謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式break。
Lesson 12
Grammar: the Infinitive動詞不定式
動詞不定式的形式是to+v.,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，它可以有自己的賓語，也可以被狀語修飾，不定式和它自己的賓語或狀語組成不定式短語。不定式或不定式短語在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、定語和狀語，但不能充當(dāng)謂語，所以它是非謂語動詞的一種，在checkpoint3中列舉的7個例句說明了不定式的句法作用。
They don’t like to be too close to one another(不定短語作賓語)
They will move back to keep a certain distance away.(不定式短語作目的狀語)
Would you like me to do something for you ?(不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
Have you got anything to say ?(不定式短語作定語)
It’s a pleasure to meet you.（不定式短語作主語）
Waving one’s hand is to say “Goodbye”.（不定式短語作表語）
I don’t know how to communicate with foreigners .(不定式短語作賓語)
下面再舉例歸納說明動詞不定式的句法功能。
1.作主語
To learn English well isn’t easy 要學(xué)好英語不容易。
【注】①由于主語過長，所以常用it作形式主語。It isn’t easy to learn English well.
②不定式短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
2.作表語
Our work is to clean the windows. 我們的任務(wù)是擦窗戶。
My idea is to plant some flowers in our garden. 我想在花園里種些花。
3.作賓語
I want to visit the Science Museum. 我想?yún)⒂^科學(xué)博物館。
4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語
I’ve got a bad cold. The doctor advised me to have a rest.
我得了重感冒，醫(yī)生勸我體息一下。
5.作定語
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告訴你。
I’m very busy. I have a lot of work to do .
我很忙，我有很多工作要做。
6.作狀語
He woke up only to find every body gone. 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)人全走了。
He made up his mind to work harder so as to catch up with the others in his class.
為了趕上班里的其他同學(xué)，他下決心更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。
三【同步測試】
Ⅰ單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Will you speak louder so as to make yourself ?
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear
2.David was busy at work his wife played cards all day long .
A. however B. while C. so D. therefore
3. Is possible to do the experiment in another way ?
A. that B. this C. what D. it
4. He lives in a house which is close a river.
A. by B. to C. with D. from
5. Not the teacher but the students excited.
A. is B. remains C. are D. being
6. It is very important the lessons before the class.
A. previewing B. to preview C. preview D. of previewing
7. They walked towards the mountain with a boy the way.
A. to lead B. leading C. led D. leads
8. I like reading my brother likes sports.
A. when B. as C. then D. while
9. I found it difficult his question.
A. to answer B. answering C. answer D. in answer
10. The two young men looked at as if one didn’t know the other.
A. each other B. one another C. one other D. the other
11.I think it bad to talk with your mouth full of food.
A. manner B. manners C. behavior D. polite
12. Though he had often made his little sister , today he was made by his little sister.
A. cry, to cry B. crying , crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry
13.My mother will not us to go out at night.
A. have B. let C. agree D. allow
14. The scientist came into the lab, by a group of students.
A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed
15. She waved her hands in order to make herself .
A. seeing B. see C. to see D. seen
16. to take the English evening course please fill in this form .
A. Those who want B. Anybodny wants
C. Those that want D. people want
17. Canada is country. Have you ever been there ?
A. an English-spoken B. a speaking-English
C. a spoken-English D. an English-speaking
18. He usually works in his room with the door and windows .
A. closed B. close C. closing D. to be closed
19. you must be quiet or leave the room.
A. either B. both C. neither D. never
20. There was a terrible noise a sudden flash.
A. Was followed B. following C. to follow D. followed
Ⅱ.閱讀理解
A
A well-known old man was being interviewed(采訪)and was asked if it was correct that he has just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday.
“That’s right.” said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven’t an enemy in the world. They’re all dead.”
“Well, sir ”, said the interviewer , “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”
The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, I can’t see why you shouldn’t. You look fit and healthy to me !”
1. The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which show that he was a very.
A. friendly man -he never made any enemies.
B. healthy man-he lived longer than all his enemies.
C. lucky man-his enemies had all died.
D. terrible man -he had got rid of all his enemies.
2. When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year.
A. he was trying to make the old man happy.
B. he wished he himself would live another year.
C. he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred.
D. he did not believe he would interview the old man again.
3. When the old man said, “I can’t see why you shouldn’t,” what he meant was .
A. “you must try to live another year to interview me again next year. ”
B. “of course you can see me again since you’re so fit and healthy.”
C. “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again
D. “unless you live another year, you wouldn’t be able to interview me again.”
4. What kind of man would you say the old man was ?
A. He was silly.
B. He was unpleasant.
C. He was very proud and sure of his health.
D. He was very impolite to young people.
B
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping（浸）it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle（脆）-that is it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing, can also be used on other materials, such as glass.
1. Annealing can make metal
A. hard and tough（韌） B. hard but brittle
C. soft but tough D. soft and britte
2. Why do people put hot metal in water ?
A. To make it hard B. To make it soft
C. To make it cool D. To make it brittle
3. In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on
A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of metal
C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation
4. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.
D. It can be cooled and then heatly quickly.
【 參考答案】
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. B
Ⅱ.閱讀理解
A.1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C
B.1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C