科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高一
文件 high1 unit23.1.doc
標(biāo)題 Rescuring the Temple
章節(jié) 第二十三單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高一英語(yǔ)第二十三單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ . 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
at breakfast , edge , in danger , regularly , mark , face ( v . ) , god , Africa , East Africa , flood , level , figure , date from , rebuild , effort , make a good effort , extra , temple , Egypt , dam , pyramid
Ⅱ . 交際英語(yǔ)
提供建議
1 . There are several thing we could do .
2 . Can't we… ?
3 . Maybe we could…
4 . How about… ?
5 . I think we should do that another day .
6 . You'd ( we'd ) better…
征求意見(jiàn) What shall we do ?
意愿 I'd prefer to do…
偏愛(ài) I'd like to do…
判斷 I think that's a good idea .
Ⅲ . 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。
限制性定語(yǔ)從句不用逗號(hào)和主句分開(kāi)，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系十分密切，若省，主句的意思就不完整。
I was the only person in the office who was invited .
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞或整個(gè)主句的附加說(shuō)明，關(guān)系不十分密切，若省，主句的意思仍然清楚。
He is her father , who is a doctor .
關(guān)系代詞 which 和 as 可以指代它前面整個(gè)句子的意思，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
He was late again , which made his teacher angry .
As everybody knows , all that glitters is not gold .
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
一冠之差 意義迥異
※定冠詞的作用非同小可。
1 . go to church 去做禮拜，go to the church 去教堂。如：
While going to the church , he met with many people who would go to church .
2 . go to hospital 去看病，go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院。如：
Mary went to hospital because she didn't feel well .
He went to the hospital to see his sick aunt .
3 . go to sea = become a sailor 當(dāng)水手，go to the sea 到海濱度假。
When he was a boy , his greatest wish was to go to sea .
It's windy and we can't go to the sea . That's a pity .
4 . out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，out of the question 不可能，辦不到的，不必談的。如：
He is an honest man and his honesty is out of question .
He is too young . It is out of the question for him to support a large family .
5 . in front of 在 ( 某范圍外的 ) 前面，in the front of 在 ( 某范圍內(nèi)的 ) 前部。如：
He is sitting in the front of the classroom , reading a foreign novel while the others are playing football in front of the teaching building .
6 . take place 發(fā)生，take the place of 取代，代替。如：
Mr . Jin , who will take the place of Mike , knows how . the accident take place .
※ 不定冠詞不可忽視。
1 . at a time 每次，一次，at times 有時(shí)，不時(shí)。如：
Please pass me the bricks two at a time .
At college we had a class - meeting at times .
2 . have a word with sb . 與……談話，have words with sb . 與……爭(zhēng)吵。如：
Can I have a word with you ?
He is a cross man . He often has words with his neighbours .
3 . on fire 失火，on a fire 在火上。如：
They are eating something that were cooked on a fire .
4 . take a turn 兜一圈，take turns 依次，輪流。如：
They took a turn in the park on a bike and went home .
They take turns to look after the old lady .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . level 水平線；水平
The mountain is 8000 feet above sea level . 此山海拔高度為8000英尺。
2 . effort 努力，艱難的嘗試
He made an effort to finish his work . 他努力完成他的工作。
I'll make every effort to help you . 我將盡力幫助你。
Tom made a big effort to move the rock . 湯姆花了很大的勁去搬那塊大石頭。
3 . extra 額外的，外加的
I must buy extra bread because friends are coming to tea . 我必須再買(mǎi)些面包，因?yàn)榕笥褌円獊?lái)吃茶點(diǎn)。
I don't suppose they want any extra help . 我認(rèn)為他們不需要額外的幫助。
Dinner costs ￡ 3 , and wine is extra . 飯錢(qián)是三英磅，酒錢(qián)另加。
4 . flood 洪水 ( 常用復(fù)數(shù) ) ( 使 ) 淹沒(méi)；泛濫
When the water went down again after the floods , a lot of rich soil was left in the fields .
The river was in flood .
First , the River Nile used to flood large areas at the same time every day .
In Egypt , the Nile used to flood every year .
Our street floods whenever we have rain .
5 . mark 標(biāo)明；作記號(hào)于 ( 常與 with 連用 ) 記號(hào)；標(biāo)記
… each stone was marked with a number .
mark one's clothes with one's name
a horse with a white mark on its head
6 . face 面向；朝向
Inside the temple is a row of stone animals , which face the rising sun .
Turn round and face me .
The building faces north / towards the north .
7 . regularly 規(guī)則地；經(jīng)常地
The new dam controls the waters of the Nile so that they now run regularly all through the year .
Take the medicine regularly three times a day .
We meet regularly to discuss business .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 . be on holiday 在度假；休假
2 . at breakfast 早餐時(shí)；在吃早飯
She was at breakfast when I called her yesterday .
3 . feel like ( doing ) sth . 想 / 愿意做某事
I don't feel like ( drinking ) beer tonight .
4 . on the edge of 在……邊的緣
The temple is on the edge of the lake that has been made by the dam .
Don't put that glass on the edge of the table ; it might fall off .
2 . rise by… 增加 / 提高 / 升高了…；以…的幅度升高 / 提高
rise to 增加 / 提高 / 升高到…
As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake was going to rise
The water level rose to 63 meters .
6 . in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中
These temples were in danger .
He had a car accident . His life is in danger .
注：在in danger 這一詞組中不能加不定冠詞 a，因?yàn)?danger 是作為不可數(shù)名詞，但在 danger 前可以加上 no 或 great 和形容詞構(gòu)成 in no danger , in great danger 等詞組，in danger 的反義詞組是 out of danger。
These two countries are at war . Their people are in great danger .
Don't worry about your son . He is out of danger now .
7 . date from ( = date back to ) 屬于 ( 某一歷史時(shí)期 ) ；始于 ( 某一歷史時(shí)期 )
…there dress dates from the 19th century .
My interest in stamp collecting dates from my school days .
8 . in all ( = in total ) 總共
In all , 1 , 700 workers and 200 other people worked on the project .
There were 20 people in all in the party .
9 . make a ( n ) … effort to do sth . 盡力做某事
Please make an effort to arrive early .
The prisoner made no effort to escape .
The people made a good effort to work on the project .
10 . interesting places - places of interest 游覽勝地
There are plenty of interesting places to visit in my hometown .
11 . in groups 分組地，成群結(jié)隊(duì)地
They were discussing the plan for their trip in groups .
12 . stone by stone 一塊石頭一塊石頭地
13 . all through - 在整個(gè)……時(shí)期中，自始至終，在整個(gè)……范圍內(nèi)
The baby cried all through the night .
There was silence all through the room . 屋里一片沉默。 ( 表示范圍 )
14 . rush through - 掠過(guò)， ( 使 ) 快速通過(guò)；匆忙做完
Electricity can now be made from the water which rushes through the base of the dam . 從水壩底部急速流出的水現(xiàn)在可用來(lái)發(fā)電。
A strange idea rushed through my mind .
I had to rush through breakfast in order to catch my train .
15 . at the base - 在底部
We camped at the base foot of the mountain .
He built a house at the base of the mountain .
16 . at the top - 在頂部；居首位
It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top . 它 ( 水壩 ) 底部寬980米，頂部寬40米。
The tree grows up straight and thin , with branches at the top .
He is at the top of his class . 他在班上名列前茅。
17 . as a result of - 由于……；因……的結(jié)果
As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake rose by 63 metres . 由于這座壩 ( 筑壩的結(jié)果 ) ，使該湖的水位上升了63米。
As a result of the forest , the cold wind reduced its power .
注意①as a result of 是個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，與其意義及用法相同的是“as the result of”，但 as a result of 用得較多些。
②as a result 意為“結(jié)果，因此”，在句中作插入語(yǔ)。如：
The workers worked harder than ever . As a result , the output of the iron and steel company went up rapidly .
18 . from across… - 從……的對(duì)面
Today you can either fly to Abu Simbel or you can take a boat from across the lake . 今天你既可以乘飛機(jī)去阿布辛波古廟，也可以從湖的對(duì)岸乘小船過(guò)去。
I saw you first from across the street .
He said hello to me from across the room .
19 . make a good effort - 作很大的努力
I will make a good effort to help you .
The wounded soldier made a good effort to stand up .
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰
1 . The dam , which is the biggest in the world , is 3 , 830 metres long . It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top . 這座水壩是世界上最大的一座，長(zhǎng)3，830米，底部寬980米，頂部寬40米。
表示計(jì)量的句型的常用結(jié)構(gòu)形式：“主 + 謂 + 數(shù)詞 + 表示單位的名詞 + 形容詞”用來(lái)表示“某物有多長(zhǎng) ( 寬、深、高 ) 等，又如：
The wall is three metres high .
The stick is five inches long .
The hole is seven feet deep .
The river is half a mile wide .
The boy is eight years old .
2 . Can't we visit the High Dam ? 我們?nèi)タ创髩魏脝??
以否定形式提問(wèn)的疑問(wèn)句叫否定疑問(wèn)句，這種疑問(wèn)句包括一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)。句中的 not 可以和有關(guān)的 be , have 以及助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成～n't 形式放在主語(yǔ)之前。
一般否定疑問(wèn)句往往①表示懷疑、驚訝、責(zé)備。②邀請(qǐng)或征求意見(jiàn)等意義，實(shí)質(zhì)上它具有強(qiáng)烈的“肯定”意味。問(wèn)者希望對(duì)方給以肯定的答復(fù)。又如：
Can't you come over and join us ? 你就不能過(guò)來(lái)和我們作伴嗎 ? ( 表示征求意見(jiàn) )
Won't you sit down . 請(qǐng)坐。 ( 表示邀請(qǐng) )
Can't you ( really ) ride a bicycle ?
你 ( 真的 ) 不會(huì)騎自行車(chē)嗎 ? ( 驚訝，不相信 )
Can't you shut the door behind you ? 你難道不能隨手關(guān)門(mén)嗎 ? ( 責(zé)備，不期望得到回答 )
Don't you remember that holiday we had in Beijing ? 難道你不記得我們?cè)诒本┑亩燃賳?? ( 驚訝 )
Won't you help me ? 難道你不會(huì)幫助我嗎 ? ( 表示不相信 )
Mustn't we leave now ? 難道我們現(xiàn)在一定不能走嗎 ? ( 表示驚訝，不相信 )
Haven't you forgotten something ? 難道你們沒(méi)忘記什么嗎 ?
Haven't we cleaned the room already ? 難道我們沒(méi)有把房間打掃干凈 ?
3 . As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63 metres . 由于興建水壩，湖面將會(huì)提高63米。
by 在此處表示增減程度。如：
He is older by five years than Tom .
The price has been increased by 2 yuan .
Production fell by about one - third .
Line AB is by 4 feet longer than Line CD .
My father missed the train by three minutes .
4 . It was carved in the rock and had on the outside four large stone figures , each of which was 20 metres high . 這座廟鑿雕在巖石中，外邊有四尊大型石雕像，每個(gè)高20米。
①句中的 each of which was 20 metres high 是一個(gè)非限制性從句。句中 had 的賓語(yǔ)是 four large stone figures . 把狀語(yǔ) on the outside 放在賓語(yǔ)前，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)石像的位置。each 是個(gè)代詞，each of which = each of the four figures。這種定語(yǔ)從句是由“名詞 ( 代詞或數(shù)詞 ) + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”來(lái)引導(dǎo)的。又如：
In his house there are three rooms . each of which has a bed .
They lived in a house , the door of which opens to the south .
China has hundreds of island , the largest of which is Taiwan .
These books , two of which I have read , are interesting .
②除了 of which 外，還有 of whom 這種句型。即：“名詞 / 代詞 / 數(shù)詞 + of whom。”
There are around 100 teachers in our school , most of whom are women .
These girls , the youngest of whom is my sister , will dance a waltz for us .
Her brothers , both of whom ( three of whom ) work in Scotland , ring her up every week .
③除了上述所舉的名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞外，some , all , none , several , few 等詞都可接 of + which / whom 的句型。
5 . Then anyone who wants to can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip . 那么，想乘船去的人，就可以在乘船旅游后到阿斯旺各處去走走。
①句中的 who wants to 是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)修飾 anyone。
②to 后面省掉了前面提到的“to take a boat on River Nile . ”英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞，如：want , hope , like 等之后，為了行文簡(jiǎn)潔，避免重復(fù) 嗦，往往用 to 來(lái)代表不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。又如：
I went there because I wanted to . ( to = to go there )
I meant to go but forgot to . ( to = to go )
If you'd like to .
6 . All the visitors who go there believe that it was right that the temple was rescued . 去那兒參觀的人都認(rèn)為拯救這座古廟是做得對(duì)的。
①這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是 All the visitor…believe… , 主句的主語(yǔ) visitors 后跟一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 who go there 來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)。主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 believe 后又跟一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的由連詞 that 引起的賓語(yǔ)從句…that it was right that the temple was rescued . 在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中 it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是第二個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的從句 the temple was rescued。
②it is right 可接 that 從句，也可接不定式短語(yǔ) to，也可接“for + 代詞 ( 名詞 ) + “不定式”的復(fù)合不定式三種句型。例如：
It was right that the temple was rescued . = It was right to rescue the temple = It was right for us to rescue the temple .
【妙文賞析】
A Stranger's Gift
When a man named Vengalil Menon ( 1897 - 1974 , Minister of National Defence of India from 1957 to 1962 ) first arrived in New Delhi , India , to look for a job in government , all his possessions ( 財(cái)物 ) were stolen at the railway station . He would have to return home on foot , defeated . In desperation ( 絕望 ) he turned to an elderly gentleman , explained his troubles , and asked for a loan of 15 rupees ( 借15個(gè)盧比 ) . The gentleman gave him the money . When Menon asked for an address so that he could later pay back the rupees , the gentleman wouldn't give it . He said the help had come from a stranger , and was to be repaid ( 償還 ) to a stranger . Menon never forgot that debt and eventually earned a reputation ( 名望 ) for his charity ( 慈善 ) work .
Some time ago I was in the Bombay Airport ( 孟買(mǎi)機(jī)場(chǎng) ) at the baggage counter , trying to get back my bags . But I had no Indian money left , and the man would not accept a traveller's check . A stranger standing beside me paid the fee for me - about 89 cents . He then told me the story of Menon in refusing my attempt ( 嘗試 ) to find out how to repay him . His father , he explained , had been Menon's asistant .
From a nameless gentleman to an Indian civil servant ( 公務(wù)員 ) to his assistant to the assisant's son and to me , a foreigner in a moment of trouble , though the gift was not of great value , its giver's spirit is priceless .
【思維體操】
下面的句子都需要用“走”的英譯，請(qǐng)你試一試：
1 . I see you're today .
2 . This please . 請(qǐng)這邊走。
3 . We with our feet . 我們用腳走路。
4 . He by me . 他從我身旁走過(guò)。
5 . this road to the corner . 沿這條街走到拐角。
6 . He wanted to Tom from school . 他想把湯姆從學(xué)校攆走。
7 . The clock well . 這鐘走時(shí)很準(zhǔn)。
8 . My watch has . 我的表不走了。
9 . He was by water . 他被水沖走了。
10 . Remember to take your book when you . 走時(shí)別忘了把你的書(shū)帶走。
11 . It would be necessary to 53 , 000 people from their villages . 這就需要把53，000 人從他們所住的村莊遷走。
12 . You I will catch up with you . 你先走，我一會(huì)兒來(lái)追你。
13 . The wind my hat off . 風(fēng)把我的帽子吹走了。
14 . As the guests out of the car , we to greet them . 來(lái)賓從車(chē)?yán)镒吡顺鰜?lái)，我們走上前去迎接。
15 . I must through the night . 我得走一夜。
16 . He jumped on his bicycle and . 他跳上自行車(chē)就騎走了。
17 . Can you tell me to the museum , please ? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)到博物館怎么走 ?
18 . I must now . 我現(xiàn)在該走了。
答案：1 . on foot 2 . way 3 . walk 4 . passed 5 . Follow 6 . send , away 7 . works 8 . stopped 9 . washed 10 . take , leave 11 . more 12 . go on / ahead 13 . blew 14 . stopped , came up 15 . travel 16 . rode away 17 . the way 18 . be off 或 be leaving
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
單元語(yǔ)法發(fā)散思維
學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
①關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。
The boy who lives in the next door swims very well .
The students who are in Class Three are now doing experiment .
②引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞可以用“介詞 + which”來(lái)代替。例如：
Is this the house in which ( = where ) they left .
③當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不可把短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)部分拆開(kāi)。例如：
Those are the children whom Aunt Li is looking after .
The house which you are looking for is at the other end of the street .
④注意介詞與關(guān)系代詞的位置：介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用 which 和 whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用 which , that , whom , who，且可省略。例如：
This is the drawer in which I put my letters .
= This is the drawer ( which ) I put my letters in .
Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning ?
= Have you seen the pen ( which ) I wrote letters with this morning ?
Is he Li Ping to whom you talked after lunch ?
= Is he Li Ping ( whom ) you talked to after lunch ?
⑤關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，注意在從句中避免句子成分的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。例如：
The woman that you saw her in the park is our English teacher ( 錯(cuò) )
The woman that you saw in the park is our English teacher . ( 對(duì) )
This is the classroom where we have our classes in . (錯(cuò) )
This is the classroom where we have our class . ( 對(duì) )
【動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，完成句子。
1 . ______ what reason did you force him to leave ?
2 . Marx wrote articles in English ______ an American newspaper .
3 . He was highly praised ______ his good work .
4 . It rained so much that there was enough grass ______ sheep and cows .
5 . Who suggested the plan ______ our trip ?
6 . He was already ______ his sixties in the 1920's .
7 . Does the church play an important part ______ people's lives there ?
8 . Is the bridge ______ danger because of the flood ?
9 . The temple at Abu Simbel was carved ______ the rock .
10 . Do you have any problem ______ English pronunciation ?
11 . The speech began with a famous poem and closed ______ a well-known old saying .
12 . They are having a friendly talk ______ each other .
13 . Each room is marked ______ a number .
14 . It is thought that the old temple dated ______ the year of 1806 .
15 . Almost half of the electricity they need is produced ______ the Nile .
16 . The big stones were moved one ______ one to the new place for the temple .
17 . We were told that the price had risen ______ 50%
18 . What do you know the people there mainly live ______ ?
19 . In all , two thousand young men worked ______ the project .
20 . It is strange that the tower is two metres wide ______ the base and five metres wide at the top .
答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1 . For . for…reason 是固定搭配，意為“因……原因”。2 . for . write articles for…意為“為 / 給……撰稿”，write to…表示“給……寫(xiě)信”。3 . for , praise sb . for… 意為“因……表?yè)P(yáng)某人”。4 . for . 意為“對(duì)于”，這是 for 的一個(gè)常用意思”。5 . for , plan for…意為“……的計(jì)劃”。6 . in . in one's sixties 表示“六十多歲”。7 . in . play a part in…是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在……中起作用”。8 . in . in danger / trouble / difficulty 均為介詞短語(yǔ)，in 表示“處于……之中”；9 . in。阿布辛波的那座寺廟鑿雕在巖石中，這是事實(shí)。10 . with。表示“問(wèn)題 / 毛病”意義的詞，如 the matter , problem , trouble , difficulty , wrong 等之后常接 with , with 說(shuō)明誰(shuí)或什么有問(wèn)題 / 毛病。11 . with . close with…是固定搭配，意為“以……結(jié)束”。12 . with . 意為“與，同”。13 . with . be marked with…意為“標(biāo)著……”。類(lèi)似的有 be filled with ( 裝著 ) ，be covered with ( 蓋著 ) 等。14 . from . date from 是固定搭配，意為“始于”。15 . from。表示來(lái)源，意為“從”。16 . by . one by one 意為“一個(gè)一個(gè)地”。17 . by。表示增 / 減的程度。18 . on . live on…表示“以……為生”。19 . on . work on 意為“從事于”。20 . at , at the base 如同 at the bottom / end / foot .
【創(chuàng)新園地】
請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)耐瓿上铝芯渥樱股舷乱馑疾蛔儭?/p>
1 . He went to high school and then went on with his studies at university .
He ______ his studies at a university ______ high school .
2 . The box is so heavy that nobody can move it away .
It is ______ a ______ box that nobody can move it away .
3 . Yang Mei is talking with her teacher .
Yang Mei ______ her teacher ______ ______ a talk .
4 . I'm British , but I'm not English .
I'm ______ ______ , but I'm not ______ ______ .
5 . It lies to the north of England . It ______ to the north of England .
6 . I don't know , he doesn't know , either .
______ I ______ he ______ .
7 . Potatoes rot away in the soil .
Potatoes ______ ______ in the soil .
8 . The Irish like music and poems very much .
The Irish ______ very ______ ______ music and poems .
9 . The Whites are spending their holidays in Egypt .
The Whites ______ are ______ in Egypt .
10 . I'd like to go shopping .
I'd like to ______ ______ shopping .
11 . The project went on for 4 years and took one billion US dollars .
The project ______ 4 years and _______ one billion US dollars .
12 . I would like to have a drink .
I ______ ______ ______ a drink .
答案：1 . continued , after 2 . such , heavy 3 . and , are having 4 . from Britain from England 5 . is 6 . Neither , nor , knows 7 . went bad 8 . are , fond of 9 . family , on holiday 10 . do some 11 . lasted , cost 12 . feel like having