Period 1 Welcome to the unit
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Brainstorming
1. Can you name some famous Chinese historic sites you are familiar with?
2. Nowadays many historic sites have been damaged, leaving only part of the ruins. Do you think it is necessary to rebuild them?
Step 2 Sharing information
Group work. Look at the four pictures at page 1. Let’s study them one by one and try to discuss some questions in groups of four.
Picture 1 When was the Colosseum built? What was it used for? How big is it?
Picture 2 What is Suzhou famous for? Have you visited the classical gardens there? If so,
what did you see? Of all the gardens, which impressed you most?
Picture3 Where was the temple complex built? When was it built? Why was it built?
Picture 4 When and where was the Cathedral built?
Do you know anything special about the Cathedral? What do you feel when seeing the church?
Are the towers in harmony with each other?
Step3: Discussion:
1. Do you know anything about the historic sites in the pictures?
2. Do you think it is a good idea to rebuild historic sites that have been damaged or destroyed? Why or why not?
3. Which modern buildings do you think will be famous in 1,000 years?
Step4: Homework: Prepare the Reading part.
Words and expressions:
While the pace of change … people are becoming more and more aware of the need ….
1) while
conj. ① during the time that, or at the same time as: 當(dāng)…..時(shí)候，在此期間
I read it while you were drying your hair.
While I was in Italy I went to see Alessandro.
I thought I heard him come in while we were having dinner.
"I'm going to the post office." "While you're there can you get me some stamps?"
② while (although) despite the fact that; although: 雖然
While I accept that he's not perfect in many respects, I do actually quite like the man.
While I fully understand your point of view, I do also have some sympathy with Michael's.
③ while compared with the fact that; but: 而，但是
He gets fifty thousand pounds a year while I get a meagre twenty!
Tom is very extrovert and confident while Katy's shy and quiet.
I do every single bit of housework while he just does the dishes now and again.
noun. while (lenghth of time) 一會(huì)兒 （一點(diǎn)）時(shí)間
a while a length of time:
I only stayed for a short while. You were there quite a while (= a long time), weren't you?
"When did that happen?" "Oh, it was a while ago (= a long time ago).
I haven't seen him for a while (= for a long time). I'll be fine in a while (= soon).
2) aware adj. [after verb]
①明白，意識(shí)到，覺(jué)察到
[+ that] I wasn't even aware that he was ill. Were you aware of the risks at the time?
She was well (= very) aware that he was married.
I suddenly became aware of (= started to notice) him looking at me.
②感興趣的，見(jiàn)聞廣博的 to be ecologically/politically aware
n. awareness [U] Environmental awareness has increased dramatically over the past decade
Period 2 Reading The Acropolis now
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1: Lead-in
Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas
Step 3: Detailed reading for important information
1. Let’s read the passage a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 20.
2. Listen to the tape and try to complete Part D and Part E.
3. Read the text again and choose the best answers according to the text:
1. Which of the followings was not a Greek invention?
A. The Western alphabet. B. Roman alphabet. C. Architecture. D. Marathon
2. Why was the Acropolis built on the hill called the Sacred Rock in the centre of the city?
A. To associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens.
B. It was constructed at a high altitude above the city in honour of Athens.
C. Because there are three main temples to Athens.
D. Because it was convenient for everyone to get to and could be seen from every past of the city.
3. In which year did the Acropolis receive a World Heritage listing from UNESO?
A. 1835 B. 1975 C. 1987 D. 2004
Step 4: Post-reading activities
1. Pair work: Please introduce the causes of the damage done to the Acropolis and the ways to protect it to other group members, with the help of the chart in Part C2
Discuss: Why do you think it is necessary and important to preserve World Heritage sites?......
2. Part F. Work in pairs and share your opinions with each other.
3. Please do Parts A1 and A2 on page 110 in Workbook to practise using some words and phrases.
Step 5: Language points:
1. No one has had a greater impact on …(p18,lines 1-3) 古希臘人對(duì)西方文明的影響無(wú)人可及。
impact noun [C usually singular; U] 影響，沖擊
1）The impact of the crash reduced the car to a third of its original length.
The bullet explodes on impact (= when it hits another object).
2）a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person:
The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people.
impact verb 對(duì)...發(fā)生影響 to have an influence on something
Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country's economy quite considerably.
2．They were responsible for …. 古希臘人在哲學(xué)、科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、藝術(shù)、建筑、戲劇、政治學(xué)和體育方面取得了很多進(jìn)展。(page 18, lines 3-6)
responsible
1) responsible (blame) adj 有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的
be responsible for sth/doing sth to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad:
Who is responsible for this terrible mess?
Last month's bad weather was responsible for the crop failure.
2) responsible (duty) adj
be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it or them:
Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.
Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
be responsible to sb/sth 對(duì)自己的行動(dòng)向上級(jí)或主管負(fù)責(zé)
In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives.
3) responsible (good judgement) adj 可信賴的，（人）負(fù)責(zé)任的
having good judgment and the ability to act correctly and make decisions on your own:
a hardworking and responsible employee
Let's stay calm and try to behave like responsible adults.
Many big companies are now becoming more responsible about the way they operate.
反義詞irresponsible.
responsibility n [C or U] 職責(zé)，義務(wù) something that it is your job or duty to deal with:
[+ to do] It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.
She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack.
The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.
have responsibility Who has responsibility here?
Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.
He has no sense of responsibility.
responsibly adv 負(fù)責(zé)任地
.3.The Western or Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, ….西方字母表或羅馬字母表是希臘人的發(fā)明。 馬拉松比賽也是，這種長(zhǎng)跑是為紀(jì)念一位希臘信使而命名的. (page18, lines 6-11)
1) as
⑴ as (COMPARISON) She'll soon be as tall as her mother.
I can't run as fast as you. It's not as good as it used to be.
⑵ as (FOR THIS PURPOSE) prep 擔(dān)任…，作為；如同…
She works as a waitress. I meant it as a joke.
It could be used as evidence against him.
⑶ conj ① (BECAUSE) 因?yàn)椤?由于
As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.
You can go first as you're the oldest
② (WHILE) 當(dāng)….時(shí)候；一面…一面
I saw him as I was coming into the building.
He gets more attractive as he gets older
③ (ALTHOUGH) 雖然，盡管
Angry as he was, he couldn't help smiling
⑷ As+ be or do+subject（通常后接be或do +主語(yǔ)) 也一樣
She’s unusually tall, as are both her parents.
as 常用詞組
act as sth (JOB) phrasal verb 擔(dān)任，充當(dāng) He was asked to act as an advisor on the project.
look on/upon sb as sth phrasal verb 把某人看作 We looked on her as a daughter.
I've lived there so long I look on the town as my home.
as to/for至于，就…而言 As to where we'll get the money from, we'll talk about that later.
as it is /was 事實(shí)上
We were lucky not to be injured in the train accident. As it was, the first and the last car were smashed.
as it comes （UK） 隨便 "How do you like your coffee?" "Oh, as it comes."
as far as sb /sth is/are concerned As far as I'm concerned, feng shui is a load of rubbish
as/so far as I know就我所知 He isn't coming today, as far as I know.
as follows如下（ 用來(lái)列舉） The winners are as follows - Woods, Smith and Cassidy.
as good as幾乎 The decorating is as good as finished - I just need to finish off the painting.
(it's) just as well (that) 幸好, 無(wú)妨
2) name…for..
name noun
① [C] 名，名字，姓名
Please write your full (= complete) name and address on the form.
The students were listed by name and by country of origin.
② [C usually singular] 聲譽(yù)，名聲
She went to court to clear her name (= prove that the bad things said about her were not true).
③ [C]有名的人，名人
It seemed like all the big names in football were there.
name vt
①給(人)取名， 給…命名 [+雙賓語(yǔ)]
We named our dogs 'Shandy' and 'Belle'. A man named Dennis answered the door.
name … after/for 以…名字給…取名 He named his daughter after /for his grandmother.
② 說(shuō)出…的名字, 舉出…的名稱 In the first question you had to name three types of monkey.
③ 確定，指定 Just name the time and I'll be there on the dot.
Name your conditions/terms/price.
④ 名(某人)(為…),任命
Ms Martinez has been named (as) (= she will be) the new Democratic candidate
By/of the name of sth 名叫…的, 以…之名
I've got to talk to a professor by the name of Bin Said.
in the name of sb (ALSO in sb's name)憑… 之名， 對(duì)…發(fā)誓; 以…名義，憑…權(quán)威; 做為….代理，代表
I've come to collect my tickets - I reserved them by phone yesterday in the name of Tremin.
The house is in my wife's name.
under the name of 以(不是本名的)…名字
Her detective stories were written under the name of Kramer
call sb names 謾罵某人
4. In particular, we associate …with …（page 18, lines 18-20）
1) particular
particular (SPECIAL) adjective [before noun] 特定的, 特別的,特殊的
"Why did you ask?" "Oh, no particular reason, just making conversation."
particular adj (NOT EASILY SATISFIED) (喜好)很講究的, 很挑剔的, 難以取悅的
He's very particular about the kitchen - everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place.
She's very particular about what she eats
particulars pl. 詳情，詳細(xì)的事實(shí)
There's a form for you to note down all your particulars.
particularly adv 特別地, 格外地
We're particularly interested to hear from people who speak two or more European languages.
in particular 特別，尤其
Are you looking for anything in particular?
2) associate …with…
associate sth with sth phrasal verb 把(某事物與他事物)聯(lián)想在一起
The cancer risks associated with smoking have been well documented.
associate with sb phrasal verb 與…為友; 結(jié)交；交往
I don't want my children associating with drug-addicts and alcoholics.
5．The Acropolis was constructed….(page 18, lines 20-24)
honour (RESPECT) UK, US honor noun [U]
1) 信義,信用, 道義心
a man of honour We fought for the honour of our country.
2) in honour of sb/sth 為向…表敬意,為紀(jì)念…, 為祝賀 a banquet in honour of the president
honour UK, US honor vt 給予(某人)榮譽(yù)/光榮
He was honoured for his bravery.
FORMAL We are honoured (= proud and happy) to have you here tonight.
honourable UK, US honorable adjective 高尚的,可敬的,值得尊敬的
honourably UK, US honorably adverb 了不起地, 卓越地, 高潔地
They acted honourably and returned the wallet.
be on your honour OLD-FASHIONED 為了名譽(yù)必須做…
do sb the honour of doing sth FORMAL 給予某人…的榮幸，做…而給予某人面子
Would you do me the honour of accompanying me to the New Year Ball?
6. It was convenient …（page 18, lines 26-30）
convenient adj
①方便的, 便利的
Our local shop has very convenient opening hours.
A bike's a very convenient way of getting around.
[+ that] It's very convenient that you live near the office.
[+ to do] I find it convenient to be able to do my banking by phone.
What time would it be convenient for me to come round?
反義詞inconvenient.
②近而方便的
a very convenient bus service Our new flat is very convenient for (= near to) the kids' school.
conveniently adv 方便地,便利地
convenience noun [U] 方便，便利
I like the convenience of living so near work.
Just for convenience, I'm going to live at my mother's place until my new house is ready.
7. However, throughout history, …avoided damage. (page 18, lines 45-46)
1) throughout
throughout preposition, adverb遍及于,到處; 整個(gè)…期間,從頭到尾
People throughout the country are out of work. He yawned throughout the performance.
The school has been repainted throughout.
all over everywhere 到處，各處; 正像所說(shuō)的人一樣
we looked all over for the ring. I’m aching all over after the match.
That sounds like my sister all over.
all through from the beginning to the end of 自始至終,,從頭到尾
2)avoid vt 逃避…,避免…，回避…
I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays - they're always so busy.
[+doing] I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays.
The report studiously avoided any mention of the controversial plan.
I left the pub to avoid a fight (= prevent a fight from happening).
8. In 1458… 1458年土耳其人打敗了希臘人并奪取了雅典. (page 18, lines 52-53)
seize control of 奪取 control noun 控制,支配
[C or U] She's got no control over that child - it's terrible.
The dictator took/seized control of the country in 1933.
He felt he was losing control of events.
You need to stay in control of your emotions.
The car skidded and went out of control, crashing into an oncoming truck.
There was nothing we could do about it - the situation was out of/beyond/outside our control.
9. The last major …(page 18, lines 60-62)
occur (HAPPEN) vi -rr- (意想不到的事情)發(fā)生
An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane.
If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.
occur (EXIST) vi + adv or prep] -rr- 存在，出現(xiàn)
Violence of some sort seems to occur in every society.
Minerals occur naturally in the earth's crust.
occur to sb phrasal verb (想法、念頭等)想起，浮現(xiàn)
The thought did occur to me.
[+ that] It never even occurred to us that he hadn't been invited.
Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own occasionally?
10．In 1816, these sculptures were transferred to … (page 19, lines 65-73)
1) be transferred to
transfer (MOVE) verb -rr-
① vt/vi 運(yùn)送，轉(zhuǎn)送，遷移；（使）（某人）換乘，改乘
He has been transferred to a psychiatric hospital.
We were transferred from one bus into another.
Police are investigating how ￡20 million was illegally transferred from/out of the Trust's bank account.
The aim is to transfer power/control/responsibility to self-governing regional councils.
I'll be upstairs, so could you transfer my phone calls (= arrange that I can receive them) up there please?
② [I or T; usually + advor prep]（使）（某人）轉(zhuǎn)校／轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)
After a year he transferred to University College, Dublin.
Some very high-profile British players have transferred to clubs abroad.
He threatened to give up football if his club didn't transfer him (= sell him to another team).
③ [T]讓渡（權(quán)利、財(cái)產(chǎn)等） She transferred the house to her daughter before she died.
2) on display
display (SHOW) verb [T] 展示，表露或陳列某事物
The British traditionally tend not to display much emotion in public.
display noun [C or U] 展示，陳列，顯示，顯露
There's never much (of a) display of affection between them.
on display being displayed 被展示，被陳列
A collection of photographs was display in the hall.
put sth on display 展出某物
3) give up
give up (sth) phrasal verb 放棄 [+ ing form of verb] I've given up trying to help her.
4) ask for請(qǐng)求，要求
ask for sth (PRAISE) She's great to work for - I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
ask for sb (SPEAK TO) phrasal verb A young man was here asking for you this morning.
11. In 1832, Greece was recognized as an independent country …(page 19, lines 73-74)
be recognized as 被承認(rèn)是。。。
recognize (KNOW), UK USUALLY verb [T] ① 認(rèn)出（舊識(shí)），，認(rèn)識(shí)，識(shí)出，辯出
I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her immediately.
Doctors are trained to recognize the symptoms of different diseases.
recognize (ACCEPT), UK USUALLY
② [T]正式承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可
[+ (that)] He sadly recognized (that) he would die childless.
You must recognize the seriousness of the problems we are facing.
③[T often passive] 承認(rèn)（功績(jī)等），賞識(shí)；感謝
The Prime Minister recognized her services to her country by awarding her an MBE.
recognized adj為世間所公認(rèn)的，為人們所承認(rèn)的
Professor Jones is a recognized authority on ancient Egypt.
Violence in schools is a recognized problem.
recognition noun [U]
1)（正式的）承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可，認(rèn)知
It's a new country, hoping for diplomatic recognition from the international community.
[+ that] There's a growing recognition that this country can no longer afford to be a nuclear power.
2) 承認(rèn)（功績(jī)等） ，感謝，表?yè)P(yáng)
He was presented with a gold watch in recognition of (= to show appreciation of) his years as club secretary.
12. Unfortunately, some of…遺憾的是，此后一百多年進(jìn)行的一些修復(fù)工作并不是很成功。
carry sth out phrasal verb [M] 完成, 實(shí)現(xiàn), 貫徹, 執(zhí)行
Nigel is carrying out research on early Christian art.
Don't blame me, I'm only carrying out my orders/instructions.
13. In a gesture to …（page 19, lines 92-96）
undertake (DO)
① vt undertook, undertaken SLIGHTLY FORMAL 承擔(dān)（工作，責(zé)任），承辦；著手，進(jìn)行，企圖
undertake (PROMISE)
② vt undertook, undertaken FORMAL 保證，擔(dān)保
[+ to do] She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved.
[+ that] The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped. Students are required to undertake simple experiments.
undertaking noun [C]
The construction of the tunnel is a large and complex undertaking.
undertaking noun [C] FORMAL
[+ that] FORMAL The manager gave a written undertaking that no one would lose their job.
14. After that, much progress was made in … (page 19, lines 98-102)
1) make progress in
progress noun [U] 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)行；進(jìn)步上進(jìn)，發(fā)展
a. Technological progress has been so rapid over the last few years.
I'm not making much progress with my Spanish.
The doctor said that she was making good progress (= getting better after a medical operation or illness).
b. FORMAL in progress進(jìn)行中
Repair work is in progress on the south-bound lane of the motorway and will continue until June.
progress vi
① 提高，進(jìn)步
My Spanish never really progressed beyond the stage of being able to order drinks at the bar.
② 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)行
As the war progressed more and more countries became involved.
We started off talking about the weather and gradually the conversation progressed to politics.
2) in preparation of
preparation noun [U] 準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備
The teacher didn't seem to have done much preparation for the class.
Yasmin assisted in the preparation of this article.
preparations plural noun (具體的)準(zhǔn)備
[+ to do] We are making preparations to fly Mr. Goodall to the nearest hospital.
Preparations for the opening ceremony are well under way.
prepare verb [I or T] 準(zhǔn)備…, 預(yù)備… , (為…) 做準(zhǔn)備
1) Have you prepared for your interview?
This course aims to prepare students for middle and senior managerial positions.
[+ object + to do] Are the players mentally and physically prepared to play a tough game?
The meal took two hours to prepare.
2) 使(某人)做心理準(zhǔn)備，(某人)做好準(zhǔn)備
[+ to do] It almost seems as if she is preparing to die.
[R] You need to prepare yourself for a long wait.
prepared adjective 有準(zhǔn)備的,準(zhǔn)備好的; 樂(lè)意
1) When she called on me, I wasn't prepared. They were prepared for the worst.
2) The spokesperson read a prepared statement.
3) be prepared to do sth Would you be prepared to help me get things ready for the party?
People are not really prepared to talk about these kinds of personal problems.
15. A steady cleaning programme must follow in order to protect …（page 19, lines 107-112）
1) in order to/in order for/in order that 為了
He came home early in order to see the children before they went to bed.
I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her.
2) protect… from… [I or T] 防御，保護(hù) clothing that protects you against the cold Vitamin C may help protect against cancer.
It's important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
Step6: Homewok Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.
Period 3 Word power
Teaching Procedures:
Step1: Brainstorming Step 2: Vocabulary learning
Step 3: Discussion Why does a language need to borrow words from other languages?
Step4: Summary and homework
1.Find out more borrowed words on the Internet 2.Do exercises in workbook
Language points:
1. borrow… from… (P22) borrow (RECEIVE) v (從…)借入,借用
1) [T] Could I borrow your bike from (NOT STANDARD off) you until next week?
2) [T] (由…)采用(說(shuō)詞,思想),采取
English has borrowed many words from French.
2. find ourselves using Greek…(P22)
find (DISCOVER) verb [T] found, found
1)發(fā)現(xiàn)…, 遇見(jiàn)
I've just found a ten-pound note in my pocket.
[+ 雙賓語(yǔ)] Has he found himself a place to live yet?
[+ 賓 + adj] She was found unconscious and bleeding.
[+ that] The study found that men who were married lived longer than those who were not.
2)發(fā)現(xiàn)…(為…)
[+ object + noun or adjective] Do you find Clive difficult to talk to?
I don't find him an easy person to get on with.
[+doing] I find living in the city quite stressful.
3) [+ (that)] We came home to find (that) the cat had had kittens.
I found (that) I could easily swim a mile
3. owe… to( page 22)
owe (HAVE DEBTS) verb [T]
欠(錢),借錢, 負(fù)債
[+ two objects] I owe Janet ten pounds.I owe you a drink for helping me move.
I think you owe (= should give) me an explanation/apology.
owe (AS A RESULT) vt (因…事, 有某人)受到恩惠
I owe my success to my education. I owe everything (= I am very grateful) to my parents.
owing to prep 因?yàn)?由于…. because of:
4. a great deal( page 22) much a good/great deal of 大量，許多的
The new law met with a good deal of opposition at local level.
5. apart from ( page 22)
apart (SEPARATE) adverb
1) 與…分開(kāi)地, 相隔
Stand with your feet wide apart.
The garage, large enough for two cars, is set apart from (= not joined to) the house.
I forget the exact age difference between Mark and his brother - they're two or three years apart.
2)拆散地 My jacket is so old it's falling apart.
I took the motor apart (= separated it into pieces) to see how it worked.
apart from Apart from the salary/Salary apart, it's not a bad job.
Apart from you and me/You and me apart, I don't think there was anyone there under thirty.
Period 4 Grammar and usage
Teaching steps:
Step 1: General introduction
The grammar item in this unit focuses on participle clauses.
Compare and identify their functions as adjectives or adverbs in the following sentences:
(1).The boy sitting under that tree is my brother.
(2).The boy followed by a dog is my brother.
(3).Hearing the news, they got excited.
(4).Given a chance, I can surprise the world.
Step 2: Exercises:
1. Read the guidelines and Part 1 on page 24. I will give you more examples for you to identify their functions in the following sentences.
(1).The building completed last month is a bank
(2).The bird flu sweeping through Asia has jumped from birds to humans recently.
(3).The teacher came into the laboratory, followed by some students.
(4).The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.
(5). I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
(6). The peasants had the tractor working day and night at harvest time.
(7). Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
2. Read Part 2 and the example sentences. More examples for the students:
Weather permitting, we may go for a picnic this Sunday.
Considering his age, he is not suited to a long journey.
Judging from his appearance, he doesn’t look like his father.
3. Do the exercise on page 25 in pairs, using a participle clause to rewrite the sentences.
5. Do Parts C1 and C2 on page 112 in workbook.
Language points:
in most cases (page 24)
case ① (SITUATION) n [C] 場(chǎng)合, 事例, 情況，事件
Over a hundred people were injured, in several cases seriously.
Jobs are hard to find but in his case that's not the problem because he has so much experience.
I wouldn't normally agree but I'll make an exception in this case.
② (PROBLEM) n [C]
1) 案件，判例
Several social workers have looked into the child's case.
The detective on the case (= responsible for solving it) has been suspended from duty.
2) LEGAL a murder case
The case will go before the European Court next month.
in that case 如果那樣的話 in any case 總之，無(wú)論如何
(just) in case I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in case.
Bring a map in case you get lost.
in no case 無(wú)論如何都不
Period 5 Task Writing a letter about the Tower of London
Teaching Procedures:
Skills building 1: listening for discourse markers
Skills building 2: stressing syllables and words
Skills building 3: writing informally about a formal topic
Homework: Finish WB Ex.
Language points:
1. in general (P26)
general (COMMON) adj
1) 公眾的，社會(huì)一般的
The talk is intended to be of general interest (= of interest to most people).
UK FORMAL Rain will become more general in the south-east during the afternoon.
2) 大概的， 籠統(tǒng)的
What he said was very general.
The school aims to give children a general background in a variety of subjects.
3)一般的,非專門的 general knowledge
4) 總…, …長(zhǎng)(官) the general manager the General Secretary of the UN
in general 一般地, 概括地, 通常地 (ALSO as a general rule)
In general, men are taller than women.
As a general rule, we don't allow children in the bar.
2. as a result (P26)
result noun
1) [C or S]結(jié)果;成果;成績(jī);(計(jì)算的)答案;比賽結(jié)果
The road has been widened, but the result is just more traffic.
To ensure good/the best results, use Italian tomatoes and fresh basil.
I finished my exams yesterday, but I won't know/get the results until August.
We used different methods of calculation, but we both got the same result.
the football results
result vi 造成(的…)結(jié)果, 結(jié)果(為…)
Teachers were not fully prepared for the major changes in the exam system, and chaos resulted.
as a result of sth because of something result from sth 由……導(dǎo)致
result in sth 導(dǎo)致…… Icy road conditions in Teasdale resulted in two roads being closed.
3. (P26) in other words 換句話說(shuō) in a word 總之 In a word, she's lying.
4. on the other hand (P26)
on the one hand ... on the other hand 一方面, 另一方面
On the one hand I'd like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.
on hand (UK ALSO to hand) 持有的, 現(xiàn)有的 手頭上的, ; 在近處的, 即將發(fā)生的
A 1200-strong military force will be on hand to monitor the ceasefire.
in hand 在手上的/地; 進(jìn)行中的,考慮中的;
They've had plenty of time to prepare, so the arrangements should be well in hand (= almost ready).
at hand 在手邊 Help is at hand (= easily available).
hand in hand 手牽手, 攜手,共同地
I saw them walking hand in hand through town the other day.
go hand in hand with sth 并存 Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment.
5. give birth to(page 27)
give birth 生… ; 造成… 原因
She gave birth to twins. Our cat gave birth last night.
喻： This extraordinary experience gave birth to (= gave him the idea for) his latest novel.
6. accuse (page 27)
accuse vt (因…) 控告(人),指責(zé)(人等),譴責(zé)
He's been accused of robbery/murder. Are you accusing me of lying?
the accused n [C + singular or plural verb] (legal) 被告發(fā)的,被控告的
The accused protested her innocence. The accused were all found guilty.
accuser n [C] 原告 accusing adj 責(zé)難的,譴責(zé)的 an accusing glance/look
accusingly adv責(zé)難地 ,譴責(zé)地
7. marry (page 27)
marry verb
1) [I or T] (與…)結(jié)婚,娶,嫁
Men tend to marry later than women. Paul married Lucy four years ago.
2) [T] (牧師)主持…的婚禮,使結(jié)婚 The couple were married by the Archbishop of Canterbury .
married adj 結(jié)婚的,以婚的 a married couple be married to sb 已與…結(jié)婚的
We've been happily married for five years. So how long have you been married to Nicky?
He was married with two children. 他已婚并有兩個(gè)孩子。
喻：Rachel seems to be married to (= very involved with) her new job at the moment, so we hardly
ever see her.
get married When did you get married? Jamie's getting married to Laura.
8. sentence sb to death (page 27)
sentence (PUNISHMENT) n [C] (罪行的)宣判，判刑
1) He got a heavy/light sentence (= He was severely/not severely punished).
The offence carries a jail/prison/life/5-year sentence.
2) pronounce sentence (of a judge) to say officially what a punishment will be:
The judge will pronounce sentence on the defendant this afternoon.
sentence vt LEGAL 給(某人)判刑,宣判(某人)(罪行)
He was sentenced to life imprisonment.
10. manage to do (page 27)
1) [I or T] 設(shè)法做好，想辦法達(dá)到
[+ to do] Did you manage to get any bread?
I can't manage all this work on my own.
Don't worry about us - we'll manage!
(Mainly UK) I'm afraid I can't manage the time (= I'm too busy) to see you at the moment.
2) [I]設(shè)法維持下去，設(shè)法過(guò)日子
After she lost her job, they had to manage on his salary.
manage (CONTROL) vt 經(jīng)營(yíng)… 管理, 聯(lián)營(yíng)
Has she had any experience of managing large projects?
He's not very good at managing people.
management n [U]支配; 處理，操作
The company has suffered from several years of bad management.
management group noun [C] 管理部門，主管人員
Management has/have offered staff a 3% pay increase.
11.make room for (page 27)
room (space) n [U]
1) (人, 物所占的) 空間，場(chǎng)所，位置
That sofa would take up too much room in the flat.
James took the books off the little table to make room for the television.
Is there (enough/any) room for me in the car?
[+ to do] There's hardly room to move in here.
2) (接受、采納事物的) 余地，余裕,必要，機(jī)會(huì)
I feel the company has little room for manoeuvre.
Period 7 Project Writing a proposal for saving a building
Language Points:
1. The Ming and… remains to be found anywhere. (page 30, lines 1-2)
remain v
1) [I] 停留，留下，逗留 The doctor ordered him to remain in bed for a few days.
2）尚待… 留待… [+ to be done ]
A great many things remain to be done (= have not yet been done).
It remains to be seen whether you are right.
3）剩下，剩余，遺留 After the fire,little remained of my house. 火災(zāi)過(guò)后，房屋所剩無(wú)幾。
4）仍然，依然 [Link-v] He remained silent. It remains a secret.
The bank will remain open while renovations are carried out.
the remainder n ①（集體名詞） 剩余,殘存之物/人，其他的人們
I ate most of it and gave the remainder to the dog.
It rained the first day but the remainder of the trip was lovely.
② n [U] 余數(shù)
remaining adj [before noun] 剩下的 the remaining water/ the water left 剩下的水
remains plural noun 剩余,殘留物;余額
1) The remains of lunch were still on the table.
2) FORMAL human/sb's remains 遺體，遺骸；遺跡，廢墟
Fifty years after he died, his remains were returned to his homeland.
Human remains were found in the woods.
We visited the remains of a 12th-century monastery.
2. Any visitor to… 任何來(lái)中國(guó)的游客都應(yīng)該去看看明清皇家陵寢。(page 30, lines 4-5)
try (ATTEMPT) verb [I or T] 努力做…,努力于…；vt 嘗試,試用
I'm trying my best/hardest, but I just can't do it.
[+ to do] I tried to open the window. 設(shè)法做
[+doing] Perhaps you should try getting up earlier in the mornings. 試著做
I've forgotten my door-keys - we'd better try the window (= test it to see if it is open
try (LAW) vt 審理(案件),審判(某人) They are being tried for murder.
try sth on phrasal verb [M] 試穿(衣服，鞋帽等)
try sth out phrasal verb [M] 試用, 徹底試驗(yàn)
Don't forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment.
try out for sth phrasal verb US 試圖獲得(地位，獎(jiǎng)賞等),為(職業(yè)等)參加考試,報(bào)名，申請(qǐng)
3. The Sacred Way, … is in good condition. (page 30, lines 13-14)
1) lead to
lead (DIRECTION) verb [I or T; usually + adv/prep] led, led (道路等)引導(dǎo)(人)到…, 通往
There's a track that leads directly to the reservoir.
This information led the police to a house near the harbor.
lead sb to do sth
lead to sth 導(dǎo)致 Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads.
2) in good condition
condition (STATE) noun
[S or U]狀態(tài)，情形,健康狀態(tài)
Mum's still got our pram - it's very old, but it's in perfect condition.
The hospital say her condition (= state of health) is improving slowly.
He's in no condition (= He is too ill or too drunk) to drive home.
conditions pl (周圍的)狀況,情況，形勢(shì)
weather conditions working conditions Under what conditions do plants grow best?
out of condition 健康不佳, 情況欠佳
on (the) condition that 在…條件下
I'll come to the party on the condition that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers!
4. Most of the trees… (page 30, lines 17-18)
cut常用詞組： cut sth down phrasal verb 砍倒, 砍伐
cut back/down phrasal verb 縮減(生產(chǎn)), 削減(支出)
The government has announced plans to to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year.
I'm trying to cut down on caffeine.
cut in (TALK) phrasal verb 插嘴 cut in (on us/our conversation).
cut in (DRIVE) phrasal verb 插入，插隊(duì) cut into sth phrasal verb 占去…時(shí)間
cut off (REMOVE) phrasal verb [M] 切斷，砍掉
cut sth off (STOP) phrasal verb [M] 切斷(電力，煤氣，自來(lái)水),停止…供應(yīng)
5．Changling is considered …as …(page 30, lines 20-21)
be considered
consider (POSSIBILITY) verb [I or T] 考慮到…, 顧及…
Don't make any decisions before you've considered the matter.
[+ question word] Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job?
[+doing] 考慮做…
(OPINION) vt + object + (to be) + n / adj] 將…視為, 認(rèn)為，以為
He is currently considered (to be) the best British athlete.
[passive + object + to do] It is considered bad manners in some cultures to speak with your mouth full of food.
[+ (that)] She considers (that) she has done enough to help already.
consideration n [C or U] 考慮,深思 take… into consideration
considering prep, conj, adv 就…而論 Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly.
6.The tombs, …take up 78 square kilometers. …占地78平方公里。(page 30, lines41-42)
take up ①占據(jù)（空間，時(shí)間）
②take sth up (START) 開(kāi)始(工作,產(chǎn)生興趣等)
He's taken up the post of supervisor.
[+doing] Have you ever thought of taking up acting?
③繼續(xù)講 Anne took up (= continued) the story where Sue had left off.