一、Would rather….句型的用法
1.我們先來看一下rather這個(gè)詞用法：
rather用作表示程度的副詞，意為“相當(dāng)”“太”，與very, quite, too同義，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如：This book is rather bad. 這本書相當(dāng)差。
rather和quite可用來修飾名詞，一般放在冠詞前面。
That’s rather / quite a good picture. 那是一副很好的畫。
2.以下是重點(diǎn)：
Would rather…than…意思是“寧愿….而不原，喜歡….而不喜歡。”在使用時(shí)，前面和后面都必須用表示并列的成分。它的否定形式應(yīng)該在would rather 的后面加not,而不是在would的后面加not，疑問句將would提前。如：
★★★would rather 的主要句型有以下2種：
①、would rather (not) do sth. 寧愿（不）做某事
②、would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 寧愿做事情1，而不愿做事情2. （在此句型中，如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞相同則后面一個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以省略。）
例：①She would rather stay at home tomorrow. 她寧可明天呆在家。
I’d rather not tell you about it . 我寧愿不告訴你此事。
② I would rather have the red one than （have）the green one.我寧愿要紅的，而不要綠的。
I would rather play football than watch TV. 我寧愿踢足球而不愿看電視。
二、Prefer（=like…better）和prefer…to…的用法 ：
prefer 是動(dòng)詞，它的過去式和過去分詞都是preferred .它的意思是“寧愿，更喜歡”，相當(dāng)于like…better,后面跟名詞或代詞，也可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞（短語）。
★★★prefer的重點(diǎn)句型有以下幾種：
①.prefer (not) to do sth. 寧愿（不）做某事= would rather (not) do sth.
②.prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 寧愿某人(不)去做某事
③. prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2 寧愿做事情1，而不愿做事情2.
=would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2
=prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (這種句型屬于第④種句型，to為介詞)
④prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜歡A，而不喜歡B
（此句型中to為介詞，其中A和B 可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語）
例如：①She prefers to stay at home on Sunday.星期天她更喜歡呆在家里。
②They preferred their son (not) to go to college.
他們寧愿他們的兒子（不）去上大學(xué)。
③I prefer to look after the baby rather than clean the room.
=I would rather look after the baby than clean the room
④ I prefer the town to the country.我喜歡城鎮(zhèn)而不喜歡農(nóng)村。
=I like the town better than the country.
⑤She prefers red to blue.她喜歡紅色，而不喜歡藍(lán)色。
=She likes red better than blue.
⑥She prefers singing to dancing. 他喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。
=she likes singing better than dancing.
=She prefers to sing rather than dance.
=She would rather sing than dance.
⑦I prefer staying at home to going out on Sundays.星期天我喜歡呆在家里，而不喜歡到外面去。
=I like staying at home better than going out on Sundays.
=I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on Sundays.
=I would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays.
三、由some, any ,no, every.構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法
▲由some；any ；no 和every 可以與one ,body ,thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞，它們的用法與some. any 的用法相同。如：
-some -any -no -every
-body Somebody(有人，某人) Anybody(任何人) Nobody(沒有人) Everybody(每人，人人)
-one Someone(有人，某人) Anyone(任何人) No one(沒有人) Everyone(人人，每人)
-thing Something(某事) Anything(任何事) Nothing(沒有東西) Everything(一切，事事)
Grammar （C） （D）
C ‘someone/ somebody’,’ anyone/anybody’, and ‘no one/ nobody’
以上幾個(gè)詞都是指代人的不定代詞，當(dāng)我們不確定所談?wù)摰娜说拿只虿恍枰峒八拿謺r(shí)，就可以用不定代詞來表示。
1.someone/somebody 用來表示“某人”，常用于肯定句中。
e.g. ①There is someone in the fitting room.
②Somebody wants to see you at the gate.
2.anybody/ anyone 表示“任何人”。常用于否定句和疑問句中。有時(shí)在肯定句或if條件狀語從句中要想表達(dá)“任何人”的含義時(shí)也用anyone/anybody。
e.g. ①Anyone（who feels tired or weak） should wear red that makes you feel energetic.
②Has anybody come?
③There is not anyone in the room.
④Please tell me at once if anyone calls me.
3. no one/ nobody 表示“沒有人”；“沒有任何人”。本身是否定詞，當(dāng)然用于否定句中。no one 常用于書面語，nobody常用于口語中。（nobody = not anybody）
E.g. ①No one has come.
②Nobody knows where he is.
◆注意：以上不定代詞在含義上都是單數(shù)，所以后面的動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
e.g. ⑴Somebody has taken away the book.
⑵If anyone calls me, tell him I’ll come back soon.
D ‘something, anything, nothing, none’
something, anything, nothing, none 也是不定代詞，something, anything, nothing 常指‘物’，代表不確定的某樣?xùn)|西或不需要提起名字的某樣?xùn)|西。 none 既可指代‘人’，也可指代‘物’。
1.something 表示“某物”，常用于肯定句中。
e.g. ①Simon has something in his bag.
②Something is wrong with my bike.
2.anything常用于否定句和疑問句中。有時(shí)在肯定句中或if條件狀語從句中要想表達(dá)“任何東西”的含義時(shí)也用anything。
e.g. ①For a better life, he will do anything.
②Did he find anything?
③She didn’t say anything about it.
3.nothing, none 表示否定的意思，none 還可以和of連用，做主語或賓語。(具體區(qū)別請(qǐng)參與第四項(xiàng))（nothing = not anything）
e.g. ①I have nothing to say.
②None of us want(s）to go there.
③---Are there any cakes in the fridge? ----No, there is none left.
★★★學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1.以上不定代詞做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.
Everything is ready, Let’s start our party.
2.不定代詞被形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式修飾時(shí), 該形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式要放在其后。
There is nothing wrong with your computer.
3.在表示請(qǐng)求、建議或邀請(qǐng)等期待一個(gè)肯定回答時(shí)，用some系列, 而不用any系列。
①Can you do something for me? I really need your help. (表請(qǐng)求)
②Could you pass me something to drink?(表請(qǐng)求)
③Why not ask someone for help?(表建議)
④Aren’t you do something for you son? (希望得到肯定回答)
你難道不打算為你兒子做點(diǎn)事嗎？
4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑問句中，但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if條件從句中，表示“任何人（物）”的含義.
Anyone (who goes into this room) will be punished.(處罰)
5.當(dāng)句中有l(wèi)ittle, seldom, hardly，without等半否定意義的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞或如too…to等具有否定意義的其它結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常用any系列詞項(xiàng)。如：
①I have finished it without anyone’s help. ②I am too busy to play with anybody.
6.every系列一般用于肯定句中，如果用于否定句則表求部分否定（不完全否定）。如：
Not everyone likes sandwiches.(不是每個(gè)人都喜歡吃三明治)
7.在everyone, everybody, nobody, no one(指人的不定代詞)出現(xiàn)的上下文中，要用復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞與之對(duì)應(yīng)。
①Everybody is busy, and they are working on the farm.
②Everyone was running as fast as they could.
8. 當(dāng)陳述句的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞（-one,-body）時(shí)，其反意疑問部分的主語用they，
當(dāng)陳述句的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞（-thing）時(shí)，其反意疑問部分的主語用it.
①Everyone is here , aren’t they? 人都到了，是嗎？
② Everything is ready, isn’t it ? 一切準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎？
③Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren ’t they? 有人在門口等我，是嗎？
9.回答how many 或how much開頭的問句用 none, 回答who開頭的問句用 nobody 或no one
回答what 引導(dǎo)的問句用nothing。如：
①---How many boys are there in the classroom? ---None.
②---Who is in the classroom ? --Nobody./No one.
③---What's she doing? ----Nothing.
10.注意none, nothing, no one的區(qū)別: none 可以和of 連用，其它的不能和of連用;
none 與all 反義。（詳見第四部分）
以下為附加內(nèi)容：
四、none用法補(bǔ)充：none既可指人，也可指物，它只是指在一定范圍內(nèi)，代替上下文已出現(xiàn)過的名詞。
none可指沒有人或沒有東西，在句中作定主語或賓語。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)。也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
①“How many birds are there in the tree?”“None”.“樹上有多少只鳥？”“一只也沒有”。
②“Are there any students in the classroom?”“None”.
“教室里有學(xué)生嗎？”“一個(gè)也沒有。”
③ I understood none of the questions. 這些問題我都不懂。
④ I wanted some ropes but there was none in my house .
我需要幾根繩子，但家里一根繩子都沒有。
⑤“Are there any tomatoes left?”“No ,none at all.”
“還有西紅柿剩下嗎？”“沒有，一點(diǎn)也沒有了。”
⑥ None of them has come back yet. 他們中一個(gè)人也沒有回來。
⑦ I bought many books but none of them is about French.
我買了很多書，但沒有一本是關(guān)于法語方面的。
[注]none ,nothing 和no one 的區(qū)別； none既可指人，也可指物，它只是指在一定范圍內(nèi)，代替上下文已出現(xiàn)過的名詞。Nothing表示“沒有什么東西”，只能指物，不能指人，同時(shí)沒有任何限制。No one 一般用來指人，使用時(shí)不受一定范圍的限制，后面一般不接引導(dǎo)的介詞短語.如：
①“Have you bought any clothes”? “None”.“你買衣服了嗎？”“一件沒買”。
②“Are there any birds in the tree now ?” “None”.“現(xiàn)在樹上有鳥嗎？”“一只也沒有。”
③“What is in the bag?” “Nothing” “袋子里有什么？”“什么也沒有。”
④“What did you buy yesterday?” “Nothing” “昨天你買什么了？”“沒有買什么”。