Unit 1 Friendship Warning up

重點詞匯解析

add up 合計，把。。。加起來，指把數字、數量等加起來以得出總和，主語多為人，其后要跟“合計”的各部分，

Add up these figures and you will see which is the right answer.

與add 相關的短語：

①add to “增添；增加”，其后賓語多為困難、歡樂等抽象名詞。【必記】

The bad weather added to our difficulties.

② add...to... 把。。。加到。。。上【必記】

Please add a note to the posters.請在海報上再加一條。

③ add up to “加起來總共是，總計為。。。”后接合計起來的數目。

His whole school education added up to no more than one year.

【注意】add up to 不用于被動態。【必記】

④ add that。。。補充說。。。

活學活用

Please ______ all the figures to see how much they______.

add; add up to B.add up; add up to

C.add up; add up D.add; add to

用add up, add up to, add to, add...to...完成句子

① The time I spend in communicating every day _______________ two and a half hours.

② The piece of music ___________our enjoyment.

③ To make sure the result was correct, she ___________ the figures again and again,

④ If the tea is too strong, ________some more water ______ to it.

upset

adj, 心煩意亂的；不適的；不安的；難過的。常見搭配：

為。。。感到不安/難過：

be ~ at ....

be ~ about....

be ~ that....

There is no point in getting upset about it.犯不著為此事難過。

She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.他的不辭而別讓她感到很難過。

vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安，使心煩；打翻，打亂。搭配為：

Upset oneself about sth. 為某事而煩惱

It upset sb. that ... 讓某人心煩/ 不高興的是。。。。

It upset our plan that nobody had told him about it.

Rain upset our plan for a picnic.

活學活用

Everything from greeting to eating can be an opportunity to do the wrong thing, which not only embarrasses yourself, but_____your host.

scares B.upsets C.teases D.blames

完成句子

① 我對那則壞消息感到心煩意亂。

I _______ ________ _________ the bad news.

② 不要為那件事煩惱，它沒有造成損失。

Don't upset ________ ________ it --- no harm has been done.

③ 我們的計劃被天氣的突然變化打亂了。

Our plans _____ _____ _____ the sudden change in the weather.

ignore

vt. 對。。。不予理會，忽視。后多接sth.作賓語。如：

I made a suggestion, but they chose to ignore it.

He ignored all the "No Smoking" signs and lit up a cigarette.

vt. 佯裝不見，不予理睬。后多接sb.作賓語。

He ignored her and went on with his work.

知識鏈接

ignorance ucn. 無知；愚昧

ignorant adj. 無知的，沒有學識的

be ignorant of = be in ignorance of ....對。。。不了解/不知道

He ignored doctor's advice, so he is in ignorance of / ignorant of his serious illness now; that is to say, he is ignorant that he is in danger.

活學活用

"I'd like to buy some fresh fish," I shouted to the fishman. But he ________ my English words and turned to serve the next customer.

guessed B.forgot C.doubted D.ignored

calm

vt& vi (使）平靜；（使）鎮定。常見搭配:

Calm ( sb /oneself) down （使某人/自己）平靜、安靜或鎮定下來

She lit a cigarette to calm herself down.

adj. 平靜的；安靜的；沉著的。常見搭配：

remain/stay/keep calm 保持鎮定

It is very important to keep calm when an earthquake breaks out.

【易混辨析】calm / quiet / still / silent

易混詞 區別

calm 平靜的，鎮靜的；指無風浪的或人的心情不激動的。

quiet 寧靜的，安靜的；指不吵鬧的或心境不煩躁的。

still 靜止的，不動的；指（人體或物體等）不運動的。

silent 沉默的，寂靜的；指不講話或沒有聲音的。

【巧學妙記】When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos of, one should keep still; when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet; when in class, one shouldn't keep silent about teachers' questions.

活學活用

1._________,please, everybody! Be ________ while I make an announcement to you.

Take up, still B. Calm down, quiet

C. Get off, calm D. Cheer up; alive

選詞填空：calm/quiet /still / silent

① Could you keep children _________ quiet while I an on the phone.

② Surprisingly, she was very __________ when I told her the bad news.

③ In order to stay at the factory, she chose to keep________ about the matter.

④ Having sat _________ for about an hour, my legs became numb.

⑤ Emergency lien operators must always stay _________and make that they get all the information they need to send help.

Concern

vt. 使擔憂，使不安。常見搭配：

~ oneself about .....擔心。。。。

She concerns herself about her son's future.

vt. 涉及，關系到，與。。。有關。常見搭配：

Concern oneself with / in = be concerned with / in... 涉及。。。/與。。。有關

Many officials are concerned with this accident.

n. [C,U] 擔心，憂慮；[C] 重要的事，厲害關系。常見搭配：

① with concern 關切地

② a main concern 主要關注的事

③ feel/ show concern about /for / over...對。。。表示關心/ 擔心

Our teacher showed his concern for us.

With concern, the woman replied," The guy is you doctor."

知識鏈接 concerning prep. 涉及，關于

Concerned adj. 關注的；擔心的，擔憂的。常見搭配：

As far as ...is concerned 就。。。而言

Be concerned about /for 擔心/ 關心。。。。

巧學妙記 As far as I am concerned, educators should be concerned about the problem that is concerned with the healthy growth of the children and concern themselves with / in the work of the education.

活學活用

With ______ growth of the Internet, computer security has become _____ main concern of businesses and governments.

the; a B.the; the C. 不填，the D.the; 不填

The meeting was concerned _________ reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.

with, for B.with,with C.for, about D.about, with

用concern完成句子。

________ _________ _________(憂心忡忡的家長）were all _______ ________ (擔心）the children's safety.

課文全解

Add up your score and see how many points you get.

知識① "祈使句+and /or +簡單句”，前一句分句表示一種假設條件或假設，相當于if 引導的條件狀語從句，后一分句表示一種結果或推論。

Work hard and you will succeed.

=

Hurry up,or you will miss the last bus. =

and 分句后的陳述句表達的是與前面祈使句順承的結果；or 表示前后兩個分句間為相反的關系。

Find ways to praise your children often, _______ you will find they will open their hearts to you.

A.till B.or C.and D.but

知識② add up

You want to see a very interesting film with your friend, but your friend can't go until he/ she....

知識③ 并列復合句，由并列連詞but鏈接兩個并列分句，其中第二個分句是含有until引導的時間狀語從句的復合句。

Ambition never dies until there is no way out.不到黃河心不死。

We don't know what is good until we have lost it.

until 的特殊用法：

倒裝：not until 位于句首時，主句要倒裝。

Not until I saw the score did I realize I hadn't work hard.

強調：結構為“It is/ was not until+ 從句/ 表時間的詞+ that。。。。”

1.It was not until dark fell that he left for home.

The shop will be closed for repairs _______further notice.

with B.until C.for D.it

Not until he left his home ________ to know how important the family was for him

did he begin B.had he begun

C.he began D.he had begun

句型轉換。

She did not find her mother alive until two days after the earthquake.

________________two days after th earthquake _____________her mother alive.

____________________two days after the earthquake ________ she found her mother alive.

When he / she borrowed it last time, he/ she broke it and you had to pay to get repaired.

知識⑤ get it repaired是“get+ 賓語+ 賓補”結構。it 與 repaired 在邏輯上是動賓關系。get sth done= have sth done.

歸納總結

① get 做使役動詞的常用結構：

Get sb/ sth doing sth..使某人一直做某事

Get sb to do sth = have/ make /let sb do sth 使/ 讓某人做某事

② have 做使役動詞用時，與get做使役動詞的用法類似，have sth done 讓某事被做；

have sb do sth ; have sb doing sth 使某人一直做。。。

1.Alexander tried to get his work _______ in the medical circles.

to recognize B.recognizing

C.recognize D.recognized

The electronic dictionary I got_______ the other day cost me a lot.

repaired B.repairing C.to repair D.to be repaired

You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.

知識⑥ ignore

知識⑦ calm ...down “（使）平靜下來，鎮定下來”

The sea calmed down.海上風平浪靜。

You will tell your friend that you've got to go to class.

have got to= have to 不得不

妙辯異同 have got to,have to 與must

① have got to 與have to 都側重客觀上某種情形的需要或別人的看法或意見，有人稱，時態和數的變化。Have got to 的否定形式是haven't got to, have to 的否定形式為 don't have to.

用于疑問句中，前者have提前，后者要借于助動詞do/ does/ did.

② 表示一次性動作時，have got to 與 have to 可以互換，但表示習慣性的動作時，尤其是句中含有always，often， sometimes等頻度副詞時，則用have to。

While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

知識⑧ 完整形式：While you were walking the dog, 時間、條件、讓步、方式（when，until，if，unless， though）等狀語從句省略有兩種情況

從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且從句謂語中含有be動詞，可一同省略從句中的主語和be動詞。

Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.

從句的主語是it，從句謂語中含有be動詞，那么it 和 be 動詞也可一同省略。

If (it is) necessary, I'll send several people to help you.

歸納總結

If 引導的條件狀語從句的省略結構有：

If any 如果有的話 if so 如果這 / 那樣的話

If possible 如果可能的話 if not 如果不是這樣的話

If ever 如果曾經有過的話 if necessary 如果需要的話

The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _______ regularly, can improve our health.

being carried out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out

It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. __________, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.

Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so

用所給單詞的適當形式填空。

① Don't talk while ________________( eat).

② She is so shy that she never speaks first until __________ (speak) to.

③ They looked around the room as if ________(look) for something.

Your friend , who doesn't work hard, asks you to help him / her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper.

知識⑨ who 引導非限制性定語從句，在此句中做插入語，可以省略而不影響句子結構。

知識10 cheat vi. 作弊 vt. 欺詐，欺騙 n. 騙子，作弊者

cheat in/ at on 在。。。中作弊

cheat sb (out) of sth 騙取某人某物

cheat sb into doing sth 騙某人做某事

He never cheated in exams.

The old lady was so old that the cheat easily cheated her out of her gold ring.

The salesman cheated me into buying a fake.

You will tell him /her that he /she should have studied, so you don't let him/ her look at your paper.

Should have done “本應該做。。。而實際沒做”，表示說話人一種責備的口氣，其否定形式shouldn't have done 表示“過去本不應該做。。。而做了。”

歸納總結

情態動詞 + have done

can't have done 不可能做了某事 may have done 可能做了某事

must have done 一定做了某事（只用肯定句） needn't have done 本不必做某事（而實際上做了某事）

should / ought to have done 本該做某事（而實際上沒做）

might have done 可能做了某事，本可能做某事（而實際上沒做）

Could have done 可能做了某事，本能夠做了某事（而實際上沒做）

They _________ have arrived at lunchtime but their was delayed.

will B.can C.must D.should

-- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.

-- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.

will have stolen B.might have stolen

C.should have stolen D.must have stolen