牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第五講）
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 3（上）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)摻】�、鍛煉，描述�?wèn)題。
2．學(xué)習(xí)e-mail的寫作。
3．語(yǔ)法：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句、反意疑問(wèn)句。
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
重要單詞：
stay(系動(dòng)詞：保持), slim, figure, weight, ashamed, recover, failure, contain, chemical, seldom, damage, attractive, touching, embarrassed, pressure, overweight, diet, properly, skinny, consider, fit(強(qiáng)健的), pill, appearance, especially, amazed, archery, squash, aerobics(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)), triathlon(鐵人三項(xiàng)), category, partial(部分的), response, purpose, confirmation, actually, recognize.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
work out鍛煉、訓(xùn)練, go on diets/a diet實(shí)行節(jié)食, in secret私自, side effect副作用, put on weight體重增加, lose weight減肥, be ashamed of對(duì)….感到羞恥, an exact match for和….完全匹配的…， follow one’s advice聽(tīng)從某人的建議, sound fun聽(tīng)起來(lái)象是件有趣的事, team sport團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng), build up增強(qiáng), regret doing sth后悔做了某事, risk doing sth冒做某事的風(fēng)險(xiǎn).
三、【語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)】
non-restrictive attributive clause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, question tag反意疑問(wèn)句, positive statement肯定的陳述句, negative statement否定的陳述句, personal pronoun人稱代詞, auxiliary verb助動(dòng)詞, model verb情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, imperative clause祈使句.
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. What do you do to keep yourself looking good and feeling good？
你是怎樣保持自己良好的外在形象和健康的身體狀況的？
詢問(wèn)別人怎樣做某事的可以用“how do you…..?”也可以用“what do you do to….?”。例如：
How did you make the baby stop crying?
What did you do to make the baby stop crying?
Keep yourself looking good and feeling good是一個(gè)“動(dòng)＋賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)looking good and feeling good作賓補(bǔ)。
2. Dying to be thin….
這是個(gè)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)，既可以理解成“差一點(diǎn)為瘦身而死”，也可以理解為“迫切希望瘦身”。課文主人公Amy因?yàn)榧鼻邢Ｍ３置鐥l的身材服用了一種減肥藥造成肝功能衰竭，差點(diǎn)丟了性命。用這個(gè)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)作課文的標(biāo)題非常巧妙。
Dying 的本意是“快要死去的，而dying to do/be+adj或dying for+n則表示“迫切希望…..”。例如：
He is dying to see his homeland again.
I’m dying for a drink of rum.
She is dying for a chance to be back on the stage.
3. I know the pressure to stay slim is a problem, especially for an actress.
我知道保持苗條的壓力是一個(gè)，對(duì)于一位女演員來(lái)說(shuō)更是如此。
I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.
我在服用一種叫“”的減肥藥，這種藥在年輕女性中很流行。
medicine 泛指藥物，尤指內(nèi)服藥，表示“治療…的藥”時(shí)后面跟介詞for: the medicine for cold。 Pill藥片、藥丸, ,表示“治療…的藥”時(shí)前面加定語(yǔ)：sleeping pills 。drug藥劑、麻醉藥、毒品，drug(s) 表示“治療…的藥”時(shí)和for/to treat連用。
4. She says health is priceless, and I agree, but then I look so slim at the moment.
她說(shuō)健康是無(wú)價(jià)的，我同意她的說(shuō)法，但是我現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)非常苗條。
后綴less加在名詞之后表示“沒(méi)有、缺乏”例如：hopeless, helpless, careless, homeless.注意， priceless和worthless, valueless的意思不同。Price指價(jià)格，加less表示“無(wú)法估價(jià)的”；worth, value指價(jià)值，加less則表示“沒(méi)有價(jià)值的。
Then和but連用，起到增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用。
5. They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
那些藥里含有一種有害的化學(xué)成分，導(dǎo)致我肝功能衰竭。
6. I think you look great as you are.
我認(rèn)為你現(xiàn)在這樣保持自然本色看起來(lái)就很棒。
As you are是狀語(yǔ)從句意思是“以你本來(lái)的面目”
As作連詞的用法較復(fù)雜，可以表示“當(dāng)….時(shí)候、因?yàn)�、既然、相比、雖然，按照…做、象…一樣、當(dāng)做，還可以用來(lái)指代上文中提到的事情以避免重復(fù)。其中作“雖然、用來(lái)指代上文中提到的事情”兩種用法比較特殊，請(qǐng)看例句：
Alone as he is, he does not feel lonely.
Try as you would, you could not make him change his mind.
Harry is unusually tall, as are his brothers.
7. Remember to take it slowly at first and you will build your strength up quickly.
記住剛開(kāi)始鍛煉時(shí)要慢些，你的體力很快就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。
Take 在這里意思是“從事…活動(dòng)”it 指代sport/exercise。
Build up增強(qiáng)、增加，名詞build-up,例如：
The build-up of Japanese forces makes the neighboring countries very uneasy.
8. Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
一些體育活動(dòng)通常是在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行的，另一些則是在室外。
Indoor、outdoor是形容詞，只能作定語(yǔ)使用; indoors/outdoors是副詞，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：
It is an indoor sport.
We can play the game indoors.
【語(yǔ)法】
一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1) 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝�，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
二、反意疑問(wèn)句：
反意疑問(wèn)句是由陳述句以及其后面的簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成，前一部分為陳述句，后一部分由助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)(人稱代詞)構(gòu)成，可表示真實(shí)的疑問(wèn)。也可以表示說(shuō)話者的某種傾向，強(qiáng)調(diào)或反問(wèn)
It’s raining , isn’t it?
反意疑問(wèn)句的前半部分陳述句是肯定的，則疑問(wèn)部分為否定形式；反意疑問(wèn)句的前半部分陳述句中若為否定，則疑問(wèn)部分為肯定形式。
前半部分陳述句含有hardly, never, seldom, few, little等詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分為肯定形式。
We hardly know each other, do we?
There is little left for us to do, there is?
反意疑問(wèn)句的前半部分陳述句中若使用了助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或 be 動(dòng)詞，后半部分先重復(fù)這些動(dòng)詞，然后 + not +主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)略句
You can read this , can’t you?
She should have a rest , shouldn’t she?
如果反意疑問(wèn)句前半部分肯定句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后半部分一般由 didn’t / doesn’t 和didn’t + 主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成
We need some salad too , don’t we?
He looks like his father , doesn’t he?
祈使句后面的反意疑問(wèn)句是will you/shall we?
Let’s stop quarreling and get down to business, shall we?
Come over to my house, will you?
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