科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit14.1.doc
標(biāo)題 Satellites（衛(wèi)星）
章節(jié) 第十四 單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語第十四單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
四會單詞和詞組：broad , circle , in space , pull ( n .) , carry out , question (vt .)
三會單詞和詞組：so / as far as , personally , exhibition , camera , fold , unfold , connect , object , direction , position , organization , dozen , dozens of , dust , dusty , height , pilot , balloon , mention , model , length , attempt , globe
Ⅱ. 交際英語
Getting Or Expressing Opinions (征求或者表達意見)
1. What do you feel like doing ? I feel like …
2. Personally , I’d rather (not) + 原形動詞 / I’m ready to do 很樂意干……
3. What would you like to do ? I’d like to …
4. - What do you plan to do ?
- I’m planning to do… / I want ( intend , wish , plan ) to do …
5. - Have you decided to do …?
- I’ve not decided what / where to do …
6. What do you think of … ? / What is your opinion of … ? / How do you like … ?
7. Tell us what you think about … / We’d like to have your views about …
8. Any suggestions you have will be most welcome .
9. It’s quite likely that …
10. It doesn’t seem possible that …
Ⅲ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)
復(fù)習(xí)定語從句的用法。特別注意 that 和 which 的區(qū)別。哪些情況下常用 which ，哪些情況下常用 that 。
【指點迷津】
單元重點詞匯點撥
1. personally 就自己而言；個人；本人
Personally I don’t care to make some changes in my plans .
〖點撥〗personally 相當(dāng)于 in one’s opinion 。
2. exhibition 展覽；展覽會
A great number of new machines are on show at the exhibition held last week .
〖點撥〗注意 exhibition 的發(fā)音。hold / have / give an exhibition of …舉辦……展覽會。
3. broad 寬的；寬大的
This piece of cloth is 5 metres broad .
〖點撥〗指肩、額頭、胸脯、幅面、背的寬常用 broad 。指口、眼、路等的寬常用 wide 。如：He has a broad mind . 他有寬闊的胸懷。He lay there , with his eyes wide open .
另外注意拼寫broad 時不要寫成 abroad (在國外) ， aboard (上船) ，board (木版)。
4. object 物；物體
We saw a bright object moving in the sky .
〖點撥〗object 作動詞是“反對”，常用詞組：object to doing 反對干……。如：He objects to being sent to the village .
5. direction 方向；方位
East , west , south , and north are directions .
〖點撥〗in the direction of 朝……方向運動。in all directions = in every direction 各個方面；朝四面八方。under the direction of 在……的指導(dǎo)下。如：Miss Gao walked in the direction of the library .
另外，direction 作“指示，用法，說明”時常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：directions for use 用法說明，F(xiàn)ull directions inside . 內(nèi)附詳細(xì)說明。
6. dozen 打；十二個
Pencils here are sold by the dozen . 這里的鉛筆論打出售。
〖點撥〗dozens of 幾十。當(dāng) dozen 的前面有數(shù)詞時，dozen 最好用單數(shù)。如：I want two dozen eggs .
7. height 高；高度
The Party calls on us to climb the heights of science and technology . 黨號召我們攀登科學(xué)技術(shù)高峰。
〖點撥〗in height 從高度上看。What’s the height of …? ……的高度是多少 ？如：The building is 40 metres in height . = The building is 40 metres high .= That’s a 40-meter-high building .
8. mention 提到；說起
Did you mention this to your parents ?
〖點撥〗As mentioned above .如上所述。Don’t mention it . (答復(fù)別人道謝時的用語) 不必客氣。Not to mention = without mentioning 更不必說。
9. length 長；長度；一段
What’s the length of the Yellow River ?
〖點撥〗注意 length 的發(fā)音。in length 從長度上看。如：The road is 5,000 metres in length . a length of pipe 一節(jié)管子。It was said that this kind of medicine could increase the length of life .
10. attempt 試圖；嘗試
They attempted to raise money for a new building .
〖點撥〗attempt 不強調(diào)成功性，而try 暗示可能有成功性。attempt to do = try to do = do one’s best to do 盡力干…… 。make an attempt to do = make an attempt at doing 試圖干……。
單元詞組思維運用
1. get in 進去，進來；收進來；收莊稼
Please hold the car door open for the old lady while she gets in .
The farmers are busy in getting (in) the crops .
2. have got sth in 有某種活動；有……在進行
They have got a special exhibition on this month . 這個月他們要舉辦一個特別展覽。
Have you anything important on this evening ?
I’ve got nothing on tonight , shall we go to a cinema .
I’ve a meeting on tomorrow afternoon .
注意：on 為副詞，該詞組等于 have sth on , 還表示“穿著”的意思，但不用進行時，如：She had on her best red dress . 她穿著那件最漂亮的紅色連衣裙。
3. do a study of = make a study of 研究
She has done a study of the danger of smoking .
I’m planning to do a special study of satellites next term .
4. send back (to) 發(fā)送（到），發(fā)回（到）；退貨
What can satellites send back to the earth ?
They make a study of the information sent back to earth from weather satellites .
You can send back the computer back to the shop if you are not satisfied .
5. in space在太空，在宇宙空間
A satellite travels in an orbit round another object in space .
I hope I’ll be able to walk in space some day .
注意：space作“太空，宇宙空間”時為不可數(shù)名詞，其前不能用冠詞。
The earth moves through space .
From space , the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe .
6. fall back (to) 落回（到）；退回（到）
If the rocket does not reach its speed , it will fall back to the earth .
I’m sure the price of TV sets will fall back .
7. send up 發(fā)射；使上漲
This satellite has to be sent up into space successfully .
Such bad weather will send the price of vegetables up .
8. make A from B 用B制成A
It has equipment for making electricity from sunshine .
We can make hundreds of useful things from waste material .
注意：make A into B把A 制成B 。下面三句意思一樣：We can make paper into these beautiful flowers . = We can make these beautiful flowers from paper . = These beautiful flowers can be made from paper by us .
9. fold up 折疊
Sun panels are folded up inside the satellite .
Please fold up the table to make room for the piano .
10. at a speed of 以……的速度
Signals travel at the speed of light .
It is said that jet plane can fly at a speed of more than 2000 miles per hour .
11. be likely to do 很可能
A fire is likely to break out in such places .
She is likely to give you a ring at supper .
12. the next day or two 未來的一兩天
Is it possible for us to say what the weather is like in the next day or two ?
注意：在表示時間的“下一個”時，next 前常不用 the ；在表示“第二……，以后……時”next 前多加 the 。試對比：
She will bring you the magazine next week .
She brought you the magazine the next week .
13. keep out of 不使進入；不去惹事
This notice will keep those who have nothing to do with the meeting out of the building .
I hope you’ll keep your brother out of trouble while I’m away .
14. bring back 帶回；歸還；使回想起
You must bring these library books back to me next week .
The film brought back my happy childhood .
15. dozens of 幾十個
She talked with dozens of scientists at the meeting .
16. put into把……安放進去
Today dozens of satellites have been put into space .
注意：put into 相當(dāng)于 send up into ，課文中作者把space看成一個大容器，用put into 更顯得生動傳神。另外，put into 還表示“把……譯成；投入”。
17. with the help of sb = with one’s help 在某人的幫助下
18. tell the difference between A and B = tell A from B 說出A 和B的區(qū)別
She can’t tell the difference between right and wrong .
19. be diseased 有病了，害了病的
These trees are diseased . You must cut away the diseased branches as soon as possible .
20. look into 調(diào)查；研究；往里面看
The government will look into the living conditions of the teachers .
I looked into the room but no one was there .
21. get a clear picture (of) 獲得（……）的清晰圖象
With the help of space satellites we can get a clear picture of space .
In the film you can get a beautiful picture of my hometown .
22. collect information about 收集關(guān)于……的信息
People are using satellites more and more to collect information about space .
23. carry out 開展；貫徹；執(zhí)行
The “Reemployment Project”has been carried out in China since 1995 .
They still have some difficulty carrying out the experiment .
24. make a call to sb 給某人打電話
I made a long-distance telephone call to my mother once a week .
注意：打電話還可以用 phone sb , call sb up , ring sb up , give sb a call , give sb a ring 等。
25. be connected with把……和……連接起來；和……有聯(lián)系
The wires with which the machines were connected were very old .
He has been connected with our company for years .
26. circle around = circle round = circle about環(huán)行；圍繞……旋轉(zhuǎn)
The earth circles around the sun .
The town around which we had to circle in our plane looked very beautiful .
27. on show 展出；陳列出來
The museum has an exhibition with rocks from the moon on show .
The cameras on show here are made in Japan .
28. put away 儲存；放好；收起來
We don’t use these plates now . Please put them away .
It’s better to put away some money every month .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元難點疑點思路明晰
1. So far as I know , it’s free . 就我所知，那是免費的
〖明晰〗so far as = as far as 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，在句中作插入語，常用逗號與主句隔開。
So far as I know , not all of them passed the quiz .
2．The + 比較級 ，the + 比較級
First , it must be very light , the lighter the better . 首先，它必須很輕，越輕越好。
〖明晰〗the lighter the better 省略了不少的成分，補充完整是：the lighter it is , the better it will be . 這種句型表示前者與后者在程度上同樣增加或者同樣減少，漢語是“越……，越……”，前面是從句，后面是主句。又如：
The more we get together , the happier we will be .
The more , the better . 多多益善。
另外注意本單元出現(xiàn)的“比較級 + and + 比較級”表示“越來越……”。如：
Satellites are used more and more to take photos of the earth and to produce maps .
3．First , …… Second , ……
First , it must be very light , …… Second , it usually contains very expensive cameras .
〖明晰〗敘述事物的先后順序時常用：First…, second …, third …, lastly …。也可以用：First…, secondly…, thirdly …, lastly … 。另外，高一曾學(xué)習(xí)過“first … later / then …” 以及“For one thing … ; for another …”句型表達順序。如：
First , I wish you good health ; second , I wish you success in your work ; and third , I wish you good luck in everything .
4. Once + 時間狀語從句
Once the satellite goes into its orbit round the earth , the panels are unfolded in order to catch the sunshine . 一旦衛(wèi)星進入地球軌道，帆板就打開來吸收陽光。
〖明晰〗由 once 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表示“剛……就……”，“一旦……就……”。用以說明主句動作緊跟在從句動作之后發(fā)生。從句中用現(xiàn)在時代表將來時。從句還可以使用省略結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Once you step into our village , you’ll see how greatly it has changed .
Once seen , the film will never be forgotten .
5. 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞型定語從句
There is a rocket motor on the satellite by which the direction of the satellite can be changed if necessary . 衛(wèi)星上有一個火箭馬達，必要時可以用它來改變衛(wèi)星的方向。
〖明晰〗定語從句的先行詞是 a rocket motor , by which 引導(dǎo)一個定語從句。定語從句中介詞的選擇受上下文的制約，或者與前面的先行詞有搭配關(guān)系，或者與后面的動詞有搭配關(guān)系。這里的 by 表“通過、用”。又如：
There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied . (in 與 先行詞 research stations 的搭配)
Who is the comrade with whom you just shook hands ?（with 與動詞詞組shake hands 的搭配）
另外，在定語從句中還有一個省略式的狀語的 if necessary ，if 后省略了 it is 。又如：Put in an article where necessary . 在有必要的地方填上一個冠詞。
【妙文賞析】
How easy it all was for police and emergency (緊急) service . A siren (警報器) , a flashing light and like magic everyone was out of the way .
Going home from work one night he passed a garage . There in front of him was the answer to his problem . An old ambulance (救護車)was for sale .
The red cross had been removed . But not the flashing light or the siren . He bought it and opened up for himself a dream-world of driving .
It began early in the morning , all his things in the back of the ambulance and the highway in Germany looking reasonably clear . Soon , as always , a long line of traffic was ahead . He turned on the flashing light and set off the siren . Cars quickly slowed and pulled off the fast lane (車道). Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own . In record time he crossed the border into Austria . But then the Yugoslav made his big mistake . Until then he had only stopped for oil . Now he was driving past a real accident - lights flashing too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam (阻塞) as he had expected . Police on the scene had never seen an ambulance do that before . They stopped him . And after hearing the story of his ride across two countries they fined him $18.50 .
1. What was the Yugoslav’s problem ?
A. He met other foreign drivers. B. He couldn’t find an ambulance.
C. He admired police and emergency service. D. He got caught in terrible traffic jam.
2. He decided to buy the ambulance because ________.
A. he knew other traffic always moved over for it
B. he had always wanted one
C. he hoped to resell it and make money
D. he liked the siren and the flashing light
3. Other cars on the highway slowed down or pulled off the fast lane ________.
A. when they waved to them
B. when they heard the siren or saw the flashing light
C. when the police told them to let the ambulance pass
D. when they saw the red cross on the ambulance
4. When the police stopped him ________.
A. they told him he had been followed all the way
B. he had been driving dangerously
C. they found he had $18.50 in his pocket
D. he had just driven straight past an accident
答案與賞析：1 - 4 DABD 。本篇屬于故事類，敘述一個南斯拉夫人買了一輛救護車從德國路徑奧地利回國途中的一段奇遇。1. 由于塞車經(jīng)常被堵在路上才有買救護車的想法，照應(yīng)了第二段中“There in front of him was the answer to his problem .”2. 順理成章，買救護車的目的就是為了避免塞車，因為其它車輛都要為救護車讓道。3. 警報器、閃亮警燈都是救護車的標(biāo)志，聽到或者看到都會自覺讓道。4. 南斯拉夫人以為又是塞車，拉響警報器闖關(guān)，但這兒是交通事故，理應(yīng)停車救護，故警察攔下救護車。
【思維體操】
It was my uncle who taught me how to box. When I was eight , I was (1) into the depths(內(nèi)地) of(2)to the (3) where my mother had been born. I became (4)of attack for the village boys. When he (5)home from work, my uncle would get to his knees and (6)to hit him on the nose. I have been (7)to him ever since.
One day, (8) my way to school I was surrounded and badly attacked by (9) . It was a terrible (10) , but I (11) my uncle’s advice and decided to fight my attackers. I (12) a tall boy twice on the nose. He fell (13) the ground and blood ran down his (14). All the other (15) away.
We were (16) at school to play some game or other every afternoon and those who (17)to do (18) were punished . I had (19) in football or tennis but I liked boxing.
I read the Boxing News (20) week, and, in the holidays, by (21) a pound or two on tickets, travelled (22) bus into the unknown areas of East and South London to the swimming pools (23)some well known boxers (24) before crowds of (25) people.
1. A. sending B. to send C. sent D. send
2. A. English B. English land C. British D. England
3. A. cottage B. restaurant C. school D. museum
4. A. a subject B. an object C. a point D. a kind
5. A. left B. returned C. went D. remained
6. A. invite me B. forbid me C. refuse D. hate
7. A. useful B. wonderful C. harmful D. thankful
8. A. on B. in C. to D. during
9. A. a fat boy B. a cruel boy C. several boys D. a tall boy
10. A. experience B. experiment C. expression D. excise
11. A. forgot B. offered C. rejected D. took
12. A. strike B. struck C. stuck D. stick
13. A. in B. on C. to D. at
14. A. back B. leg C. arm D. nose
15. A. ran B. kept C. left D. came
16. A. to ask B. asking C. asked D. going to ask
17. A. were persuaded B. failed C. managed D. were told
18. A. which B. them C. such D. so
19. A. much interest B. no interest C. interest D. great interest
20. A. every B. this C. last D. one
21. A. taking B. giving C. spending D. having
22. A. with B. by C. on D. in
23. A. which B. while C. where D. when
24. A. appeared B. lived C. traveled D. entered
25. A. exciting B. excite C. excitedly D. excited
答案：1- 5 CDABB 6 - 10 ADACA 11 - 15 DBCDA 16 - 20 CBDBA 21 - 25 CBCAD
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
單元語法發(fā)散思維
一、“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”的使用技巧
“介詞 ＋ 關(guān)系代詞”既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。掌握好這類定語從句，要注意以下幾點：
〖思維〗1. 關(guān)系代詞的選擇
緊跟在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞（不能省略）通常只有三個：whom 、which 和 whose 。關(guān)系代詞用 whom 時，先行詞必指人；用 which 時，先行詞必指物（或事）；用 whose 時，先行詞可指人也可指物（或事），但 whose 在定語從句中是作定語的，它后面必須跟它修飾的名詞。如：
The man with whom I shook hands just now is my daughter's English teacher .
He built a telescope through which he could study the stars .
The driver was the man from whose room the thief had stolen the bag .
She opened a small box , in whose corner lay a necklace .
★ 有時置于關(guān)系代詞之前的介詞能被移到定語從句的句中（或句尾）。當(dāng)介詞被移后時，關(guān)系代詞 whom 可以換成 who 或 that ；which 可以換成 that （特殊情況除外），而且 whom 、who、that 、 which 皆可省去。如：
Do you know the boy to whom I spoke just now ? = Do you know the boy (whom / who / that ) I spoke to just now ?
The pen with which I'm writing is not mine . = The pen (which / that) I'm writing with is not mine .
This is the house in which I once lived . = This is the house (which / that) I once lived in .
★ 當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間、地點、原因的名詞，而且“介詞 ＋ which ”在定語從句中分別是作時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語，“介詞 ＋ which ”可分別被關(guān)系副詞 when 、 where 、why 替代。如：
I still remember the day on which ( = when ) I met Professor Smith .
This is the house in which ( = where ) I once lived .
I don't know the reason for which ( = why ) he went abroad .
但下面一句中的“ to which ”不能換成“ where ”，因為，它不是作地點狀語的。
This is the house to which we paid a visit last month .
2. 介詞的選擇。
定語從句由“介詞 ＋ 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)時，介詞的選擇受上下文的制約。在結(jié)合語意的基礎(chǔ)上，可以從下面幾個角度判斷該用什么介詞。
★ 看先行詞與哪一個介詞是習(xí)慣“介 ＋ 名 ” 搭配的。如：
This is the factory in which he works . ( in the factory 在工廠）
This is the farm on which he works .（ on the farm 在農(nóng)場）
★ 看定語從句中的動詞是與哪一個介詞形成習(xí)慣“動 ＋ 介 ”搭配。如：
The car on which he spent 40,000 yuan is made in N anjing . (spend money on sth .)
The car for which he paid 40,000 yuan is made in Nanjing . (pay money for sth .)
★ 既要看定語從句中的動詞，又要看先行詞有何習(xí)慣“動 ＋ 介 ＋ 名”搭配。如：
I don't know the student with whom Mary quarreled yesterday . (quarrel with sb .)
I don't know the thing about which they quarreled yesterday . (quarrel about sth . )
3. “介詞 ＋ 關(guān)系代詞”的復(fù)雜化
★ 復(fù)合介詞 ＋ 關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞之前除了能用簡單介詞外，也能用復(fù)合介詞。如：
Tom studies in a new school , at the back of which there is a big river .
She gave a friendly smile to the worker , in front of whom sat a little cat .
★ 名詞（〈不定〉代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級）＋ of ＋ 關(guān)系代詞
例如： I live in an old house , whose door is made of bamboo .
注意：“ whose ＋名詞”常可換成“名詞 ＋ of ＋ 關(guān)系代詞( whom / which )”上句可改成：
I live in an old house , whose door is made of bamboo .
She has two sons , neither of whom is tall .
In our class there are fifty students , most of whom are good at English .
I talked with an old worker , one of whose daughters is a scientist .
China has thousands of rivers , the longest of which is the Changjiang River .
二、whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句
whose 是英語中唯一能夠在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語的一個關(guān)系代詞，意為“……的”。它既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。與that , whom , which 又有著截然不同的用法。同學(xué)們須認(rèn)真掌握，其主要用法如下：
1. 指人。
Do you know the boy whose brother is a postman ?
This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our school .
2. 指物。
The lives in a small room , whose windows face the north .
I want to buy the coat whose colour is the lightest .
注意：(1) whose 指人時，一般可以和 of whom 互換。
Do you know the boy , the brother of whom is a postman ?
This is the student , the handwriting of whom is the best in our school .
(2) whose 指物時，一般可以和 of which 互換。
He lives in a room , the windows of which face the north .
I want to buy the coat , the colour of which is the lightest .
3. whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句作主語的定語時，一般不用 of which / whom來替換。
Mr Li , whose car was stolen last week , got very angry .
The factory , whose boss hurt in the accident , produces a lot of useful things every year .
4. 如果主句是由who , which等引導(dǎo)的疑問句，從句中最好不用 whose , 以免意義混亂。
Who is that girl , the mother of whom died last month ?
Whose is the house , the windows of which are all broken ?
【動腦動手】
單元能力立體檢測
1. What he said just now sounded , I think .
A. quite perfectly B. nice and interesting C. nice or polite D. nice and friendly
2. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often or better than an acted performance.
A. as good as B. as good C. good D. good as
3. Last night we met with rain at the station .
A. a quite heavy B. too heavy a C. such heavy a D. a so heavy
4. After having gone far , George did not want to turn back .
A. enough B. much C. such D. that
5. Which is book , the mew one or the old one ?
A. better B. the better C. best D. the best
6. The old gentleman has , been to the Great wall before , has he ?
A. always B. already C. ever D. not
7. They have produced they did last year .
A. twice more grain as B. twice as much grain as
C. twice as many grain as D. as twice many grain as
8. It’s said that the film is seeing .
A. very worth B. quite worthy of C. well wor