科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit18.doc
標(biāo)題 Mainly Revision
章節(jié) 第十八單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教學(xué)目的和要求：
1．單詞和詞組：
fly(n.) L.69四會
in order that shout at L.71
waiter lay the table by accident L.69三會
cigar announcement track truth book(v.) charge L.70
extremely determine stupid permit prison couple L.71
Hank Stram Tina Max carrige in common L.70二會
get in touch with absence Frankfort Bonn turn up on one’s own
rush hour brake cyclist rude L.71
2．復(fù)習(xí)日常交際用語（Unit13-Unit17）
3．語法：復(fù)習(xí)第十三單元至第十七單元的語法項目
a）名詞從句 Noun Clause（as an attribute）
b）定語從句 Attributive clauses（by/in which）
c）過去分詞 Past participle（as an attribute, adverbial）
d）省略句 Ellipsis
e）名詞從句 Noun Clauses（as Appositive）
二、重點與難點
L.69
1．There are thousands of jokes in English which have a “play on words”.
在英語里，有數(shù)以千計的“雙關(guān)語”的笑話。
句中的play on words意為“俏皮話”，“雙關(guān)語”，“文字游戲”。即利用英語音異義或一詞多義的現(xiàn)象構(gòu)成含義詼諧的語義雙關(guān)的詞語。這一詞組也可以作動詞短語，作“說俏皮話”，“做文字游戲”解。本課中的小對話就是例子。
例如：Customer：What’s this?
Waiter：It’s bean soup.
Customer：I don’t want to know what it’s been; I want to know what it is now.
顧客說的最后一句俏皮話，就是通過“bean”和“been”這二個同音異義的詞表現(xiàn)出來的。因為“It’s bean soup”和“It’s been soup”聽起來是一樣的，實際上前句的句意為“這是豆湯”，而后句的句意則為“這原來是湯”。
2．Customer：What’s wrong with these eggs?
Waiter：Don’t ask me. sir, I only lay the table.
這段對話的意思是顧客向服務(wù)員提意見問道：“這些雞蛋怎么了？”（也許味道不對，也許是壞雞蛋）。而服務(wù)員卻回答說：“別問我這個，（我也不知道怎么回事），我只是擺了桌了”。這一笑話的關(guān)鍵詞是動詞lay，這是個多意詞，lay eggs是（雞、鴨）生蛋的意思，而lay the table是擺桌子準(zhǔn)備用餐的意思。
另外在交際用語中，表示“……怎么了”有多種方法，例如：“你怎么了”可以有以下幾種：
What has happened to you?
What’s the trouble with you?
What’s wrong with you?
3．…Quite by accident. 純屬偶然。
“by accident”意為“碰巧”，“偶然地”，“意外地”，“非有意的”，類似的詞組還有by chance，相當(dāng)于accidentaly，例如：
I met her quite by accident/chance. 我遇到她完全是偶然的。
He failed the exam by accident. 他考試沒通過純屬偶然。
L.70
1．Hank Stram was on vocation travelling through Europe by train with his two children.
漢克斯特拉姆正在與他的兩個孩子乘火車作穿越歐洲的旅行。
句中的on vocation意思是“正在度假”，另外還可以用on holiday表示“正在度假”。除此之外，on還可以構(gòu)成一些習(xí)語，如：
on business出差 on purpose有意
Our manager is away on holiday this week. 我們的經(jīng)理本周休假。
He’s gone to Canada on business. 他去加拿大出差了。
The family are on holiday in France. 這一家人在法國度假呢！
2．He bought a coffee and as the train was travelling fast and moving from side to side, he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.
他買了份咖啡。由于火車跑得快，左右搖晃，因此他決定在餐車?yán)锖鹊羲粠Щ氐阶簧先ァ?/p>
a）句中的get a coffee意為“拿/買一份咖啡”。coffee作為物質(zhì)名詞時是不可數(shù)名詞，例如：Latin American countries export coffee. 拉丁美洲國家出口咖啡。
如果指“一份咖啡”或“一杯咖啡”時，常用a coffee或a cup of coffee來表示。
b）from side to side的意思是：“晃來晃去”。句中的from…to…還可以組成很多詞組，例如：
from time to time有時 from morning to (till) night從早到晚
from beginning to end自始至終 from head to foot從頭到腳
from bad to worse每況愈下
In order to buy her husband a birthday present, she went to from shop to shop.
為了給她的丈夫買生日禮物，她轉(zhuǎn)了一家又一家商店。
3．They found that they had a / of in common and get on well.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們有許多共同之處而且相處得也很好。
a）句中的in common作“（和……）有共同之處”，“共用”解，例如：
Real friends should have everything in common. 真正的朋友應(yīng)該是共享一切。
The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the neighborhood.
這個居民區(qū)所有的兒童共用這個游泳池。
另外，in common與介詞with連用時，意思是“和……一樣”。例如：
In common with many boys, he likes playing football. 和許多男孩子一樣，他喜歡踢足球。
In common with you, he kept his mouth shut at the meeting yesterday.
他和你一樣，在昨天的會上一音不發(fā)。
b）句中g(shù)et on well為動詞短語，作“（同……）相處得好”解，也可作“在……方面進(jìn)展不錯”解，與get along意思相近。例如：
How are you getting on with your classmates? 你和同學(xué)們相處得如何？
I’m getting on well in my new job. 我的工作情況進(jìn)展不錯。
We got on together like old friends. 我們相處得像與朋友一樣。
4．Finally Hank and his friend gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States.
最后，漢克和他的朋友互換了地址，并且保證回到美國后和對方聯(lián)系。
句中的to get in touch with…是一個動作性動詞詞組，意思為“與……進(jìn)行接觸”，“和……取得聯(lián)系”。如果表示狀態(tài)，則用詞組keep in touch with…，意思是“和……保持聯(lián)系”。例如：
She was anxious to get in touch with you. 她渴望和你取得聯(lián)系。
I’ve been trying to get in touch with you all afternoon. 我整個下午都在和你聯(lián)系。
Have you kept in touch with him? 你仍和他保持聯(lián)系嗎？
For six months, the astronauts have kept in touch with the research centre on the earth by radio.
六個月來，宇航員們一直用無線電與地面上的研究中心保持聯(lián)系。
*lose touch with…是“和……失去聯(lián)系”的意思。例如：
I used to see him quite often but we have lost touch.
我以前常看見他，但現(xiàn)在我們相互失去了聯(lián)系。
I don’t want to lose touch with you. 我不想和你失去聯(lián)系。
5．He had gone through six carriges when he found he could go no further.
他走過了六節(jié)車廂，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)再也走不通了。
a）go through在句中的意思是“穿過”，這是一個十分活躍的動詞短語，還可以作“審閱”，“檢查”，“用完”，“經(jīng)歷（困難、痛苦等）”解。例如：
It’s quite dangerous to go through a forest alone. 一個人穿越森林是相當(dāng)危險的。
They went through our luggages at the customs. 他們在海關(guān)檢查了我們的行李。
Our tearchers are going through our papers in their office. 我們的老師正在辦公室閱卷。
I went through all the money my parents gave me. 我花光了父母給我的錢。
My grandparents went through a lot during the war.
我的祖父母在戰(zhàn)爭期間經(jīng)歷了許多艱難痛苦。
b）注意when的用法。在此句中when意為“突然發(fā)生某事”，常常可譯為“……正在……突然……”，這是when的固定句型及表達(dá)法，不可以用其它連詞替代。例如：
I was just coming to see you when I ran into him. 我打算來看望你，突然又碰到他了。
I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正準(zhǔn)備離開突然下雨了。
c）句中的could go no further與could not go any further同義。例如：
I have visited the city no more since last summer.
I have not visited the city any more since last summer.
從去年夏天起，我再也沒去過那個城市。
6．I’m going to see what Dad is up to. 我要去看看爸爸怎么了。
be up to是一個多義詞組，需要根據(jù)上下文去理解。它可作“（打算）做……”，“（覺得）有條件做……”，“由（某人）決定……”解。例如：
They are very quiet. I wonder what they are up to there.
他們非常安靜，真不知他們在那干什么呢。
Is she up to such an important job? 她能勝任如此重要的工作嗎？
Whether he will take it or not is up to you. 他是否接受這個就看你的了。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can. 應(yīng)由我們來決定是否能盡我們所能地去幫助他們。
What have you been up to lately? 你近來在忙什么呢？
7．Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee. 兩個小時端杯咖啡是夠長的了。
a）復(fù)數(shù)名詞作為一個整體看待時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：
Twenty dollars is too much for a child to spend a week.
一個星期花消20美元對小孩子來說多了點。
Three hours is not enough for them to complete the task.
對他們來說三個小時完成這項任務(wù)是不夠的。
b）句中的take over作“拿過來”解，另外還可以作“接替（職務(wù)）”，“接管”解。例如：
I’ll take over his job while he is on holiday. 他度假時我將接替他的工作。
This large company has taken over many small ones. 這家大公司接管了許多小公司。
Was it in 1948 that the Government took over the railways in Britain?
大不列顛政府是在1948年接管鐵路的嗎？
8．She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train.
她只走了幾節(jié)車廂就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)來到列車的前部。
這里請注意句中連詞before的譯法，在此before作“（不多久）就……”解。例如：
He didn’t wait long before his father came back. 沒等多久他爸爸就回來了。
It wasn’t long before he told us about the affair. 沒多久他就把這事告訴了我們。
before在作連詞用時，還可以作“……（之后）才……”解。例如：
It was a long time before I got to sleep again. 過了很長時間我才又入睡。
It was evening before we reached the little town. 天黑了我們才到達(dá)那小城。
It will be five years before we meet again. 五年以后我們才會再想見。
9．The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.
他留下話，你們應(yīng)去那家旅館，房間也已經(jīng)給你們定好了。
a）句中的be to do sth.常常表示“應(yīng)該做某事”或“按計劃將做某事”，這是表示將來時間的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，用于第二人稱時，常含有轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)別人指示的意思。例如：
you’re to go to the teachers’ office after school. 放學(xué)后你要去老師辦公室。
We are to wait for her at the school gate. 我們要在校門口等她。
They’re to begin their experiment next week. 他們計劃下周開始他們的試驗。
另外，這一結(jié)構(gòu)用于第三人稱時，通常表示命令或指示，例如：
“The room is to be locked”. The manager said. 經(jīng)理說，“這個房間要上鎖”。
She’s to be back before ten. 她必須在十點以前回來。
b）此句中的book一詞作動詞用，意思為“訂（票，房間，座位等）”。例如：
He had booked two seats on the plane from New York to London.
他已經(jīng)預(yù)定了二張由紐約飛往倫敦的機票。
I believe it’s terribly crowded, so you’d have to book seats now.
我認(rèn)為一定十分擁擠，你最好現(xiàn)在就預(yù)定座位。
與book構(gòu)成的短語有：
book down登記，記帳 book in簽到 book up訂（車票，住處等）
10．The hotel paid the taxi driver and put the charge on their hotel bill.
旅館給出租汽車司機付了款，并將費用記在他們的旅館帳單上。
句中的charge是個多義詞，在這里作“費用”解，除此之外，還可以作動詞用，作“收（費）”，“索（價）”，“控告”，“指責(zé)”等解。例如：
What is the charge for a room? 租住一個房間的費用是多少？
There is no charge for the exhibition. 這個展覽不收費（免費）。
How much do you charge for a haircut? 理個發(fā)要多少錢？
We don’t charge anything for this? 我們對此不收費。
Please charge these to my account. 請把這些記在我的帳上。
He was charged with stealing. 他被指控犯了偷竊罪。
L.71
1．But the hardest part was the interview. 但是最難的一關(guān)是面試。
句中的interview是名詞，作“接見”，“會見”解，另外還可以作及物動詞用。例如：
In the morning, I had three interviews. 早上我有三次會。
He refused to give any interviews to newspaper reporters. 他拒絕一切新聞記者的采訪。
The film star interviewed the journalist one by one. 這位影星會見一個又一個的記者。
The manager said it was time to interview the staff members in his company.
經(jīng)理說是該接見公司職員的時候了。
2．A yellow car passed me and suddenly stopped, as there was another car coming in the other direction.
一輛黃色的小汽車從我身邊開過并且突然停了下來，因為對面正好有一輛車開過來了。
在英語中，表示動作的方向多用介詞to或toward(s)，但如果用名詞direction時，則用介詞in，構(gòu)成in…direction，意為“朝……方向”。例如：
In which direction does the river run? 這條河流向何方？
She hurried away in the opposite direction. 她匆匆忙忙地朝相反的方向走去。
The ship was sailing in the direction of Dalian. 輪船朝大連方向駛?cè)ァ?/p>
3．I had to brake hard and I hit another cyclist. 我只好急剎車，撞到了另一位騎車人。
brake一詞既可以作名詞用也可以作動詞，在此是作動詞用的。例如：
The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him.
那孩子跑到汽車前面的路上，司機猛踩剎車。（作動詞用）
His brakes failed on a steep hill. 他的車閘在陡峭的山路上失靈了。（作名詞用）
4．I cycled as fast as I could and saw that the driver in the yellow car was waiting at the red light.
我以最快的速度騎過去，看到黃轎車?yán)锏乃緳C正在紅燈的地方等著。
The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.
面試進(jìn)行得很順利。我把我的經(jīng)歷告訴了公司，并且盡可能老老實實地回答了他們的問題。
在這兩句中，均有由as…as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。“as+adv.+as+Subject+can/could”這一結(jié)構(gòu)常可以用“as+adv.+as+possible”來代替，作“盡可能”，“盡量”解。例如：
I shall come to see you as often as I can (as often as possible)
我盡可能地經(jīng)常過來看望你。
Please get them to finish it it as quick as possible. 請讓他們盡快地完成這項工作。
5．I was still so angry I was determined to tell him what I thought of him.
我很生氣，決心把我對他的看法告訴他。
a）此句是由so…(that)的句型引導(dǎo)出來表示結(jié)果的狀語從句，其中的that省去了。口語常常可以省略。
b）(be) determine(d) to do sth.與make up one’s mind基本同義。例如：
He determined (was determined) to go there first. 他決定先去那兒。
I was determined not to follow his advice. 我下定決心不采納他的建議。
Have they determined where the new school will be built?
他們決定在什么地方建新學(xué)校了嗎？
6．I told him that he had knocked two people off their bicycles and had nearly caused a bad accident. 我告訴他他把兩個人撞下了自行車，并且差一點兒造成一場事故。
a）此句中的knock off作“將……撞離……”解。例如：
He was so angry that he knocked all the books off the table.
他十分生氣并將桌子上的書全都摔到了地上。
除此之外，knock off還作“停止工作”，“減（價）”，“扣掉”解。例如：
What time do you knock off? 你什么時候下班？
We have done enough for today. I think we’ll knock off.
我認(rèn)為我們今天干得夠多了，就到這兒吧。
I’ll knock you five pounds off if you buy two. 如果你買兩個，我就給你減掉五英磅。
knock是一個比較活躍的動詞，可以和許多介詞、副詞構(gòu)成詞組。如：
knock sb. down將某人打倒在地 knock at/on the door敲門 knock into sb.撞在某人身上
b）句中的cause作動詞用，意為“引起”，“造成”。例如：
I hope you’ll forget all the unhappiness I’ve caused you.
希望你能忘記一切由我而引起的不愉快。
What caused his illness? 什么使他生病了？
The situation caused the serious concern to the Government.
當(dāng)前的形勢引起了政府的關(guān)注。
cause作名詞用時，意為“起因”，“根源”，“理由（不可數(shù)）”。例如：
The cause of the fire was a cigarette end. 這場火災(zāi)的起因是煙頭。
There is no cause for complaint. 沒有什么可以抱怨的理由。
7．I seem to remember that the last time we met I did most of talking, so perhaps I should let you do the talking this time.
我似乎記得我們上次見面時，主要談話的是我。因此這次也許該讓你來講話了。
句中的the last time引導(dǎo)出了一個狀語從句。在英語中，一些名詞詞組可以充當(dāng)連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。例如：
The moment he spoke, we recognized his voice. 他一說話，我們就聽出他的聲音了。
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次進(jìn)來時請關(guān)上門。
Don’t look up new words each time you meet them. 不要一遇到生單詞就查字典。
8．I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. 我很高興，經(jīng)理決定不因我曾經(jīng)粗暴無理而生我的氣。
句中由for having been so rude引導(dǎo)的短語作狀語，說明angry的原因。由于動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，也就是說粗魯?shù)男袨榘l(fā)生在經(jīng)理之前，因此用完成形式having been來表示。例如：
He was sentenced to death for having killed a man.
他因為殺了人而被判了死刑。
He felt sorry for having wasted so much time.
他因過去浪費了太多的時間而感到遺憾。
She forgot having been taken abroad when she was a child.
她忘記當(dāng)她還是個小孩子時曾去過國外。
三、同步測試
Ⅰ．選擇最佳答案：
1．Here is my card. Let’s keep in .
A．relation B．touch C．connection D．friendship
2．I dislike the way he treats his students.
A．which B．by which C．／ D．on which
3．They are boys that they can’t do the work well.
A．so small B．so little C．such few D．such little
4．My father often asks how I at school with my classmates.
A．get on B．get down C．get off D．get up
5．-How long has this bookshop been in business?
- 1992.
A．After B．From C．Since D．In
6．-Why does Tod look so unhappy?
-He seems to .
A．to being scolded B．being scolded
C．to have scolded D．to have been scolded
7．It’s useless only about it.
A．talk B．talking C．talked D．to be talked
8．I still remember the many times he saved the wounded soldiers on the battle field.
A．where B．／ C．in which D．which
9．Who is it up whether to start the experiment or not?
A．to deciding B．to decide C．to to decide D．for to decide
10．When people talk about the cities of Japan, the first comes into mind is Tokyo.
A．of which B．that C．city D．one
11．The two words have something with each other.
A．in difference B．in ordinary C．in common D．in same
12．Can you lend me the book the other day?
A．a(chǎn)bout that you talked B．you talked about
C．which you talked D．that you talked
13．She hasn’t got enough to buy the computer.
A．that B．which C．for which D．with which
14．We think it important college students should master at least on foreign language.
A．that B．what C．whether D．what
15． I will accept the gift is none of your business.
A．What B．Whether C．If D．Which
16．He was born in Nanjing but studied in Beijing .
A．So did I B．So I did C．So was I D．So it is with me
17．What’s the for her anger? She’s usually not easy to get angry.
A．reason B．fact C．cause D．wrong
18．I was about to leave the telephone rang.
A．a(chǎn)fter B．while C．when D．before
19．The woman looks worried. She seems something.
A．having lost B．to be losing C．to have lost D．to lose
20．It was raining hard, caused the river to rise.
A．which B．a(chǎn)s C．it D．that
Ⅱ．完型填空：
Two women came to Solomon with a hard problem.” This woman and I live in the same house. “explained one of them.” I gave 1 to a baby, and two days 2 , she bore a baby dead. But when I was 3 she put her dead child next to me and 4 my baby. As I got up and looked at the baby, I saw that it was not 5 .
6 this the other woman said, “No! The 7 child belongs to me.” The first woman answered, “No. The boy 8 is my son, not hers. “This was how the women 9 .
Solomon 10 for a sword, and, when it was 11 he said, “Cut the baby that is alive 12 half, and give each woman half of it.”
“No!” cried the first woman. “Please 13 put the child to death. Give it to her.” But the other woman said, “Don’t give it to 14 of us, go on and cut it.”
Finally Solomon spoke, “Don’t 15 the child! Give it to the first woman. She is the 16 mother.” Somomon knew this because the first woman loved the baby 17 much that she was ready to give it to the other woman. 18 this way the baby could be saved. When people heard how Solomon had 19 the problem they were glad to have such a 20 king.
1．A．food B．milk C．birth D．death
2．A．behind B．later C．before D．back
3．A．working B．sleeping C．dreaming D．lying
4．A．woke B．killed C．brought D．took
5．A．my B．her C．mine D．hers
6．A．At B．With C．On D．In
7．A．living B．a(chǎn)live C．lively D．lived
8．A．dying B．living C．death D．a(chǎn)live
9．A．quarrelled B．talked C．said D．fought
10．A．looked B．cared C．sent D．called
11．A．brought B．taken C．carried D．held
12．A．into B．in C．by D．onto
13．A．not B．not to C．won’t D．don’t
14．A．neither B．either C．both D．a(chǎn)ny
15．A．die B．beat C．murder D．kill
16．A．wrong B．real C．mistaken D．clever
17．A．too B．very C．that D．so
18．A．By B．Through C．In D．With
19．A．found B．grasped C．solved D．worked
20．A．wise B．brave C．cruel D．funny
Ⅲ．閱讀理解：
（A）
Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they many become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.
1．What is the topic of the text?
A．Young thieves. B．An unusual illness.
C．Reasons for stealing. D．A normal child’s actions.
2．From the text we learn that small children .
A．have little control of themselves B．usually steal things but grow up honest
C．a(chǎn)re usually kleptomaniacs D．like to give things away
3．Kleptomaniacs usually steal things that .
A．a(chǎn)re valuable B．a(chǎn)re unimportant
C．their friends like D．they themselves need
4．Which of the following words can best replace(替代) the word desire in the first sentence?
A．chance B．power C．right D．wish
（B）
Our neighbour asked my daughter what she put on her cat to make him smell so good, “Maybe it’s the perfume I use,” came the reply “The cat sleeps with his nose against my neck, so some of the scent must rub off on him.”
The next evening our neighbour was in a department store when she noticed a familiar fragrance(香味) in the air. Our neighbour liked shopping very much and always went to the same store. She asked the woman who had just walked by what perfume she was wearing. After learning the name, our neingbour said, over the heads of all in the crowded store. “It smells wonderful. My friend’s cat wears it.”
1．The cat smelled good because
A．the writer’s daughter put perfume on him B．the cat slept with the girl
C．the cat liked the smell of the perfume D．the cat wore perfume
2．Which of the following sentences does not keep to the topic?
A．Our neighbour asked my daughter what she put on her cat to make him smell so
good.
B．“It smells wonderful.”
C．She liked shopping very much and always went to the same store.
D．“My friend’s cat wears it.”
3．In the sentence “After learning the name,…” the world “name” refers to .
A．the lady’s name B．the name of the perfume
C．the name of the store D．the name of the cat
4．On hearing the neighbour’s words, the lady in the store would probably be .
A．happy B．a(chǎn)ngry C．worried D．proud
5．When the neighbour said, “It smells wonderful. My friend’s cat wears it.” she wanted to .
A．make fun of the lady B．make fun of the perfume
C．sound funny D．praise the perfume
Ⅳ．改錯：
According to an old story, a farmer once found that 1．
a bag of corn had been stolen in his house. He went to 2．
the judge and told him his loss. The judge ordered that 3．
all the people of the farm must come before him. He 4．
took a number of sticks of equal long and gave one stick 5．
to every man. He then said, “Come here again tomorrow. I 6．
shall know who of you is the thief because the stick 7．
giving to the thief will be one inch longer than the 8．
others.” The next day a thief was found because he 9．
was afraid of being found out and cut an inch of his stick. 10．
參考答案：
Ⅰ．1-5 BCDAC 6-10 DBBCB 11-15 CBDAB 16-20 DCCCA
Ⅱ．1-5 CBBDC 6-10 AADAC 11-15 ABDBD 16─20 BDCCA
Ⅲ．（A）1-4 BABD （B）1-5 BCBBD
Ⅳ．1．√ 2．將in改為from 3．在him之后加about 4．去掉must
5．將long改為length 6．將every改為each 7．將who改為which
8．將giving改為given 9．將a改為the 10．將inch后的of改為off