核心詞匯
1．We must take measures to ____________(加快)the rate of economic growth.
2．The new method caught on and many peasants became very____________(熟練的)at it.
3．At that time I felt____________(暈眩的)．I was almost losing my balance and was about to fall.
4．They’ve ____________(逮捕)almost everybody who is involved in the robbery.
5．If payment is not received within five days，legal action will be our only____________(可能的選擇)．
6．The results of the study have a wider____________(重要意義)for all the professions.
7．Sorry to____________(打斷)，but I need to ask you some questions.
8．We must make a careful____________(分析)on the problem and then make a decision.
9．His family’s wealth is____________into four parts，but they don’t think the____________is fair.(divide)
10．She used to suffer from____________but now she is ____________herself to try to lose weight.(starve)
1.accelerate 2.skillful 3.dizzy 4.arrested 5.alternative 6.significance 7.interrupt 8.analysis 9.divided；division 10.starvation；starving
高頻短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 不管；不顧
2．________________ 至多；最多
3．________________ 切碎
4．________________ 受夠了；飽受；厭煩
5．________________ 向前看；為將來打算
6．________________ 追溯到……
7．________________ 集中
8．________________ 尋找
9．________________ 輪流做某事
10．________________ 禁不住做某事
1．regardless of 2.at most 3.cut up 4.fed up with 5.look ahead 6.date back 7.concentrate on 8.search for 9.take turns to do sth. 10.can’t/couldn’t help doing
重點(diǎn)句式
1．Yes，indeed，____________________________，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
很對(duì)。正如植物學(xué)的分析結(jié)果已經(jīng)告訴我們的，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)很大的淺水湖。
2．__________________ she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！
3．Abruptly she sat down，________________ by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.
突然間她坐了下去，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹Luna一把摟了起來。
4．Our evidence ____________ they did wear clothes made from animal skins.
我們的證據(jù)表明他們確實(shí)穿了用動(dòng)物皮做成的衣服。
1.as the botanical analyses have shown us 2.If only 3.only to be scooped up 4.suggests that
知識(shí)詳解
1 .alternative adj. 供選擇的；其他的
n． 可能的選擇；選擇對(duì)象
(回歸課本P37)Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?
你能想到我們今天可供利用的辦法嗎？
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P56)You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly；those are the two alternatives.
你的工資可以按周以現(xiàn)金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可選其一。
②(牛津P56)We had no alternative but to fire him.
我們別無他法，只有辭退他。
③The way was blocked，so we went by an alternative road.
那條路被堵住了，所以我們走了另一條路。
[即境活用]
1．(2009年高考湖北卷)As there is less and less coal and oil，scientists are exploring new ways of making use of________energy，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.
A．primary B．a(chǎn)lternative
C．instant D．unique
解析：選B。句意：由于煤和燃油越來越少，科學(xué)家們正在探索新的方法使用替代能源，像陽(yáng)光，風(fēng)和水等。primary“首要的，初期的”；instant“立即的，迅速的”；unique“獨(dú)特的”；alternative“可選擇的，可替代的”。
2 .assume v． 假定；設(shè)想；假裝；承擔(dān)
(回歸課本P38)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒，就住在這些洞穴里。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P104)It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.
認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)好轉(zhuǎn)是有道理的。
②(牛津P104)Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱們暫時(shí)假設(shè)計(jì)劃成功。
③(牛津P104)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍認(rèn)為，緊張是工作過重所致。
④Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?
假定這個(gè)建議被采納，我們什么時(shí)候能拿到錢？
⑤A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.
許多人認(rèn)為貧困僅僅存在于第三世界。
[即境活用]
2．We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon－________that the others agree.
A．to assume B．a(chǎn)ssumed
C．a(chǎn)ssume D．a(chǎn)ssuming
解析：選D。assuming that...“假定……”。類似表達(dá)有：providing/supposing (that)．..。
3 .interrupt vt.& vi. 打斷……講話；打岔；暫時(shí)中斷或
中止
(回歸課本P38)I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?
對(duì)不起，打斷了你的講話，請(qǐng)問他們?cè)趺茨軌蜃≡谶@個(gè)地方呢？
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1069)Sorry to interrupt，but there is someone to see you.
對(duì)不起打擾一下，有人要見你。
②(牛津P1069)They were interrupted by a knock at the door.
他們被敲門聲打斷了。
③It’s bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking.
打斷別人談話是沒禮貌的。
④Let’s go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.
我們?nèi)フ覀�(gè)說話不受打擾的地方吧。
[易混辨析]
[即境活用]
3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(打斷別人是沒有禮貌的)while they are having a conversation.
答案：It is bad manners to interrupt others
4 .significance n． 意義；意思；重要性；重要意義
(回歸課本P40)His university was aware of the significance of his work.
他所在的大學(xué)知道他的工作的重要性。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1866)The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
這種新藥對(duì)于這種病的治療有重大意義。
②(牛津P1866)She couldn’t grasp the full significance of what he had said.
她未能充分領(lǐng)會(huì)他那番話的意思。
③It is a matter of great significance.
這是一個(gè)非常重要的問題。
④Their change of plan is strange but I don’t think it’s significant.
他們改變了計(jì)劃十分奇怪，但我覺得沒什么意義。
[即境活用]
4．Only later________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(我們意識(shí)到真正意義)of his remark.
答案：did we realize the true significance
5 .arrest n． 逮捕；拘留
vt. 逮捕；吸引
(回歸課本P43)She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到目的地的時(shí)候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她停下來，不往前走了。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P92)A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.
一名男子因與這樁搶劫案有關(guān)已被逮捕。
②(牛津P92)You could get arrested for doing that.
你干那種事可能要遭逮捕。
③Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.
由于暴亂十五人被捕。
④The beautiful sunset arrested our attention，and we stopped to watch it.
美麗的日落吸引了我們的注意力，我們停下來觀看。
[即境活用]
5．It is reported that the agent was________for carrying a false passport.
A．a(chǎn)rrested B．a(chǎn)ccused
C．charged D．suspected
解析：選A。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道那個(gè)代理商因使用假護(hù)照而被捕。be arrested for因……被逮捕；be accused of因……被指控；be charged with被控告……；be suspected of被懷疑……。
6 .regardless of 不管；不顧(側(cè)重指不計(jì)后果和代價(jià))
(回歸課本P38)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒，就住在這些洞穴里。
[易混辨析]
regardless of，despite，in spite of
(1)regardless of...強(qiáng)調(diào)不認(rèn)為……重要，從而不加以重視或考慮，而despite和in spite of有“盡管……但是”之意。
(2)regardless of 后可接whether，what引導(dǎo)的從句，而in spite of和despite后不可接從句。
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1671)The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.
俱樂部對(duì)所有新成員不分年齡一律歡迎。
②He says what he thinks，regardless of other people’s feelings.
他怎么想就怎么說，不考慮別人的感受。
③(2009年高考上海卷)Despite the high mountains and thick forests，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.
盡管山高林密，醫(yī)護(hù)人員還是迅速地趕到出事地點(diǎn)，實(shí)施援救。
④All our proposals were rejected regardless of their value.
我們所有的建議都遭到拒絕不管它們的價(jià)值如何。
[即境活用]
6．(2009年高考江蘇卷)This special school accepts all disabled students，________educational level and background.
A．a(chǎn)ccording to B．regardless of
C．in addition to D．in terms of
解析：選B。句意：這所特殊學(xué)校接受所有有殘疾的孩子，不管其教育水平和背景如何。regardless“不管，無論”，符合題意。according to“根據(jù)”；in addition to“除……之外”；in terms of“從……方面來說”。
7 .date back to 追溯到……
(回歸課本P44)All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.
所有的物品都來自于三星堆的一個(gè)挖掘點(diǎn)，時(shí)間可以追溯到3000到5000年前。
[歸納拓展]
date back to＝date from
因追溯是從現(xiàn)在算起指向過去，所以這個(gè)短語(yǔ)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
[例句探源]
①This custom dates back to the 16th century.
這風(fēng)俗起源于16世紀(jì)。
②My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/from my schooldays.
我從學(xué)生時(shí)代就開始愛好集郵。
③This is an old building dating back to/dating from the 16th century.
這是一棟追溯至16世紀(jì)的古老建筑物。
[即境活用]
7．Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower，which ________ as early as 800 years ago.
A．dates back to B．is dated back
C．dates back from D．was dated from
解析：選A。短語(yǔ)date back to 相當(dāng)于date from，意為“追溯到，始于”。兩者通常與過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但多用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：每天都有許多游客在這座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。
句型梳理
【教材原句】 If_only it could be just like last year！(P43)
要是能跟去年那樣有多好呀！
【句法分析】 “if only＋句子”是一個(gè)固定句型，表示一種愿望“要是……就好了/但愿……！”
(1)if only...could/would＋do...表示對(duì)將來事情的愿望(不用should)。
(2)if only...did...表示對(duì)與目前或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望。
(3)if only...had done...表示對(duì)與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。
①If only Marx were here by my side!
要是馬克思能在我身邊就好了！
②If only you had worked with greater care!
你工作要是再仔細(xì)一些該多好啊！
③If only the whole family could be united during the Spring Festival！
今年春節(jié)全家能團(tuán)圓就好了！
[易混辨析]
if only，only if
(1)if only用來表達(dá)愿望，意為“但愿……，要是……就好了”，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí)，與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí))。
(2)only if由副詞only和從屬連詞if組合而成，only僅起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，意為“只要”。
①If only we could afford to buy a place of our own.
②If only you knew how hard I’ve tried to please you.
③Only if you promise not to invite Mary will I come.
④Only if you do as I told you can you succeed.
[即境活用]
8．Look at the trouble I am in！If only I________your advice.
A．followed B．would follow
C．had followed D．should follow
解析：選C。if only表示“如果……就好了”，表示與事實(shí)相反，條件意味強(qiáng)烈，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此句表示過去的動(dòng)作，須選用過去完成時(shí)。
9．-Any information about your son?
-No.If only I________those tough words to him.
A．didn’t say
B．hadn’t said
C．shouldn’t have said
D．couldn’t have said
解析：選B。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if only“要是……就好了”。答句句意：要是我沒對(duì)他說那些太嚴(yán)厲的話就好了。和過去事實(shí)相反，故用過去完成時(shí)。
作文指導(dǎo)
開放式作文
【體裁導(dǎo)航】
開放式作文一般不提供具體的情景，也沒有固定的模式限制，但其體裁和字?jǐn)?shù)仍然要受制于所提供的內(nèi)容。
做此類題型的作文時(shí)，審題非常關(guān)鍵。還要根據(jù)所判定的體裁，打開思路，發(fā)揮想象，不要過多地顧忌是否犯了語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，或者表述是否清楚，而要盡快找出能合理表述文章內(nèi)容的詞句，一氣呵成，完成作文。
一般說來，開放類作文，要求的字?jǐn)?shù)比較少，所以我們?cè)谖恼碌慕Y(jié)構(gòu)上必須注意“集中火力”，突出重點(diǎn)，直奔主題，而不要隨便發(fā)揮。
這樣，完成了表述以后，就進(jìn)入了修改階段。看語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，看語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，看單詞拼寫，看標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，甚至看字母的大小寫。總之，好文章都是經(jīng)過反復(fù)修改而成的。
【寫作示例】
在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的當(dāng)今社會(huì)，人們十分強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人能力，但是我們也不能忽視相互合作(cooperation)的重要性。請(qǐng)舉例說明相互合作的重要性。
要求：詞數(shù)120左右。
【寫作要領(lǐng)】
本題為開放式作文，要求舉例說明相互合作的重要性。首先應(yīng)該闡明自己贊成合作的觀點(diǎn)，然后，舉例說明。舉例后的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在于說明合作的重要性上。最后一段要進(jìn)行總結(jié)，以達(dá)到前后的呼應(yīng)。
【金點(diǎn)模板】
①People’s view on________.②In my opinion，________.
③Just take________.④The success________.⑤So cooperation________.
⑥I doubt whether________.⑦No matter________.⑧At the same time，________.⑨So cooperation________.
⑩All in all，________.
【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】
My View on Cooperation
①People’s view on cooperation varies from individual to individual.In my opinion，cooperation to society is what air is to man.
②Just take the 2008 Nobel Chemistry Prize as an example.The success relies on the efforts of all the three scientists.③So cooperation plays a very important role in the fields of scientific research.
④I doubt whether personal efforts are enough to deal with the ever increasing challenges. ⑤No matter how great a person is, he or she cannot accomplish everything within his or her own strength. At the same time, everyone has their shortcomings. So cooperation is needed as far as the fact is concerned.
⑥All in all, as the saying goes “All roads lead to Rome” I think all rightful attempts to succeed lead to the improvement of men’s living and working standard.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
①開門見山，點(diǎn)明主題，提出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。
②舉例說明合作的重要性，富有說服力。
③據(jù)上例得出結(jié)論。
④進(jìn)一步說明合作的重要性，闡明個(gè)人的能力再?gòu)?qiáng)大也需要合作。
⑤no matter引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句增強(qiáng)了感染力。
⑥最后給與總結(jié)，呼應(yīng)開頭，前后得到了很好的照應(yīng)。
【類題嘗試】
(2011年陜西寶雞教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)誠(chéng)信是處世之本。但是在中學(xué)生當(dāng)中，考試作弊、抄襲作業(yè)、欺騙家長(zhǎng)和老師等現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮。請(qǐng)你對(duì)以上種種現(xiàn)象作簡(jiǎn)要描述，并以“How to guarantee honesty”為題，從三個(gè)方面談?wù)勅绾伪ＷC學(xué)生做到誠(chéng)信。
注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于100；
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
How to guarantee honesty
As we all know，honesty is always an essential principle of living.Much to our regret，however，________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Honesty is the best policy，which is what we should keep in mind all the time.
One possible version：
How to guarantee honesty
As we all know，
honesty is always an essential principle of living.Much to our regret，however，it is nothing new that some middle school students cheat in exams，copy others’ homework and fool their teachers and parents.Therefore，how to guarantee honesty should come to our attention.
Personally，I think honesty education is necessary.For instance，courses on honesty can be offered to students；activities like storytelling and lectures are also worth trying.With the concept of “being honest” rooted in their minds，honesty can be reflected in their daily life and study.
Besides，related rules and regulations should be laid down.Detailed criteria should be applied to evaluate students in aspects such as homework，tests，relationship with teachers and parents.
Then，strict measures should be carried out to punish those who cheat，and consequently，they must assume responsibility for their bad behavior，thus considerably reducing chances of cheating next time.
Honesty is the best policy，which is what we should keep in mind all the time.
（小周）