核心詞匯
1．If we ____________(打敗) the Italian team，we’ll be through to the final.
2．About two hundred students ____________(參加)the lecture by Professor Smith yesterday.
3．Being ____________(暴露)to strong sunlight too much time is bad for your skin.
4. Finding a cure for AIDS is one of the greatest ____________(挑戰(zhàn))facing doctors today.
5．Two new roads have recently been opened，and several others are still under ____________(建設(shè))．
6．I applied for a job as a secretary there，but was ____________(拒絕)．
7．His brother is a businessman who has already____________(捐助)500,000 yuan to the earthquakestricken area.
8．Cigarettes give off too much poisonous vapour into the air，which ____________(污染)the environment badly.
9．No one knows who stole her car，but the police have ____________ her neighbors.At last，the two ____________ were arrested today in connection with the robbery.(suspect)
10．用conclude 的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)Taking into account of all these factors，we may reach the ____________ that parents are the best teachers of their children.
(2)Johnson ____________ from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.
1.defeat 2.attended 3.exposed 4.challenges 5.construction 6.rejected/refused 7.contributed 8.pollute 9.suspected；suspects 10.(1)conclusion (2)concluded
高頻短語
1．________________ 提出
2．________________ 得出結(jié)論
3．________________ 使顯露；暴露
4．________________ 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來
5．________________ 除……之外；此外
6．________________ 講得通；有意義
7．________________ 調(diào)查；研究
8．________________ 導(dǎo)致
9．________________ 有時
10．________________ 反對
11．________________ 對……嚴(yán)格的
12．________________ 應(yīng)受責(zé)備
1.put forward 2.draw a conclusion 3.expose...to 4.link...to... 5.apart from 6.make sense 7.look into 8.lead to 9.at times 10.be against 11.(be) strict with... 12.be to blame
重點句式
1．____________its cause ____________ its cure was understood.
人們不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died ____________ there was an outbreak.
每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。
3．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she ____________ to her house every day.
有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水運到家里來。
4．__________________，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ____________.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。
5．____________you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。
1.Neither；nor 2.every time 3.had it delivered 4.To prevent this from happening again；be examined 5.Only if
知識詳解
1conclude vt.& vi. 斷定，推斷；使結(jié)束，終止；達成，締結(jié)
歸納拓展
[例句探源]
①(牛津 P409)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
他從他們的話語中推斷出他們不贊同此項計劃。
②(牛津 P409)He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
他講話結(jié)束時祝愿大家回家一路平安。
③(牛津 P409)I’ve come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job.
我斷定他不適合做這項工作。
1．完成句子
(1)我們將作進一步的討論，然后再作出最終結(jié)論。
We will have a further discussion before we ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：draw a final conclusion
(2)總之，我認(rèn)為將來還有希望。
________ ________，I think there is hope for the future.
答案：In conclusion
[即境活用]
(3)讓我用一句諺語結(jié)束我的演講：有志者，事竟成。
Let me ________ ________ ________ ________ a saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.
答案：conclude my speech with
2defeat(defeated；defeated)
vt. 打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫
n． 失敗
(回歸課本P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”約翰斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”
①(朗文P528)It was a lack of money，not effort，that defeated their plan.
他們的計劃失敗并非努力不夠，而是缺乏資金。
②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.
雖然生活中有許多困難要去克服，但她從不讓困難打敗自己。
③Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.
我們的棒球隊再次失敗了。
[例句探源]
defeat，beat，win
這三個詞都有“贏”的意思，但用法不盡相同。
(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作賓語，一般可以互換，其賓語通常是“人”或“一個團體”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat還可用來指在戰(zhàn)爭中“擊敗”敵軍或入侵者。
(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.時表示“爭取某人”。
[易混辨析]
2．用win；beat；defeat填空：
(1)The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty ________the enemy.
答案：defeating
(2)He was so nervous that he could feel his heart ________ faster.
答案：beating
[即境活用]
(3)Who do you think will ________ the beauty contest?
答案：win
(4)You ____________ me in the race，but I’ll __________ you at tennis.
答案：beat/defeated；beat/defeat
3 expose vt. 暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面臨
(回歸課本P5)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，就感到很受鼓舞。
[歸納拓展]
【高效記憶】
解析：選C。句意：眾所周知，一些中東國家的婦女不把臉部露在外面。expose意為“暴露”。
解析：選D。句意：在夏天人們撐傘的原因是暴露在烈日下會對皮膚有害。expose to...使暴露于；be exposed to暴露于，接觸，此處作主語，所以要用v.ing形式，故選D。contribute貢獻，不合句意。
[歸納拓展]
[歸納拓展]
解析：選A。sb. be to blame表示“某人應(yīng)被責(zé)備”。又由Actually知此處應(yīng)選A項。
解析：選B。此題考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：因弄壞了學(xué)校計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)而受到譴責(zé)，Alice情緒很低落。
[歸納拓展]
答案：contributes to
答案：made important contributions to
[歸納拓展]
③It is wise to have some money put away for old age.(1996年高考全國卷)存些錢養(yǎng)老是明智的做法。
④(2008年高考上海卷)She called this afternoon to put off the meeting to next week.
她下午打電話把會議延期到下周。
⑤I can put up with many things，but not with people who steal.
我能容忍很多事情，但絕不容忍小偷小摸的人。
意義 除……之外(還有) 除……之外(別無) 此外，除了
相當(dāng)于 besides except/but except for
解析：選D。句意：除了繁忙的學(xué)校作業(yè)外，孩子們還必須在業(yè)余時間上藝術(shù)、音樂、體育課。apart from 除……之外還。
12．(2011年東營模擬)I knew nothing about the accident ________ I read in the newspaper.
A．except that B．except for
C．a(chǎn)part from D．except what
解析：選D。句意：關(guān)于這場事故除了我在報紙上所讀到的之外我一無所知。由于空格后句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，缺少賓語，故應(yīng)由what引導(dǎo)，排除A、B、C項。
9make sense 有意義；有道理；講得通
(回歸課本P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。
[歸納拓展]
①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.
無論你怎樣讀這個句子，它都講不通。
②(2007年高考陜西卷)It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.
在失控前致力解決這個問題，這么做是明智的。
[例句探源]
③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make any sense of them at all.
這一段中有那么多生詞以致于我根本不理解它們的含義。
④(朗文P1855)There is no sense in my painting the door if we’re going to replace it later.
如果我們打算以后把門換掉，那我給它上漆就毫無意義了。
⑤In no sense do I agree with this suggestion.
無論如何我都不贊同這個建議。
13．(2011年上海交大附中模擬)-________to the sun，the flower will become dry soon.
-What you said does make________.
A．Exposed；sense
B．Exposing；sense
C．Exposed；senses
D．Exposing；a sense
[即境活用]
解析：選A。句意：--暴露在日光下，這花兒很快就會被曬干。--你說的話的確有道理。第一空expose與flower之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，第二空make sense為固定用法，表示“有道理，講得通”。
句型梳理
【教材原句】 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(P2)
每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。
【句法分析】 (1)every time引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，意思是“每當(dāng)……”。
(2)名詞詞組作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的還有：
each time，any time，the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。
(3)有些副詞，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
①Every time I call the number，I get a busy signal.
我每次撥打這個號碼，電話總是忙音。
②Each time they met，they would talk long hours together.
他們每次見面都會談?wù)摵荛L時間。
③The first time he came to the city，he decided to settle here.
他第一次來到這個城市，他就決定在此安家。
④The last time I saw Kate，she was doing research on wild animals.我最后一次見到凱特時，她正在研究野生動物。
⑤The moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was surrounded by his fans.
這位著名的歌星一出飛機場，就被歌迷圍了起來。
⑥I left immediately the clock struck 5.
鐘剛敲了五下我就離開了。
【溫馨提示】 (1)for the first time是介詞短語，只可作時間狀語，而the first time是連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
(2)It is the first time that...(如果前面用is，從句動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果用was，則用過去完成時。)
(3)It’s high/about time that...(從句動詞用過去時或should＋動詞原形)
⑦It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.
這是我第一次參觀長城。
⑧It is high time that we left for Beijing.
到我們出發(fā)去北京的時間了。
[即境活用]
14．(2009年高考遼寧卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？
A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he
C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it
解析：選C。句意：這是他第一次去澳大利亞，不是嗎？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑問句的構(gòu)成需依據(jù)主句的主語和謂語而定。
15．(2009年高考陜西卷)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.
A．see B．had seen
C．saw D．have seen
解析：選D。句意：這是我們?nèi)业谝淮蔚诫娪霸嚎措娪啊！癟his/It is the＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that從句”為固定句型，that從句需用現(xiàn)在完成時。
16．Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.
A．a(chǎn)t the time B．each time
C．by the time D．sometimes
解析：選B。考查名詞詞組用作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。句意：不要每次遇到不理解的詞就停下來。有類似用法的還有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一……就……)等。而A、D兩項不能連接句子，C項意義不對。
17．(2011年云南玉溪模擬)________you talk with someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A．At times B．Some time
C．Every time D．The time
解析：選C。句意：每次你與別人交談或?qū)懶畔ⅲ愣枷騽e人展示你的技能。every time是名詞詞組用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
2【教材原句】 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(P2)
人們既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治療方法。
【句法分析】 neither...nor...既不……，也不……，連接句中兩個相同成分。neither...nor...連接并列主語時，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與就近的名詞或代詞保持一致。本句的謂語動詞應(yīng)與its cure保持一致。
①Neither my father nor I was there.
我父親和我都不在那里。
②I have neither time nor money for the ball.
我既沒時間也沒錢參加舞會。
③Neither shall I go there，nor do I want to go.
我既不會去那兒，也不想去那兒。
[歸納拓展]
④She not only speaks but also writes French.
她不但能說法語，而且會寫法語。
⑤Either my father or my brothers are coming.
我的父親或者我的兄弟們要來。
18．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.
A．I was neither
B．neither was I
C．I was either
D．either was I
[即境活用]
解析：選B。句意：Bill對Jason做報告推遲這件事表示不高興，我也不高興。根據(jù)題意可知，我也不(高興)neither/nor＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語表示某人/物也不(同意或贊成上文的觀點)，易把either看做neither，無either was I句式，故選B。
19．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.
A．he will either B．neither will he
C．he neither will D．either he will
解析：選B。考查固定句型。句意：如果Joe的妻子不參加晚會，他也不參加。“neither＋系動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞＋主語”表示“某人/物也不……”。either置于句末，也可表示“也”的意思，但它須與否定句連用。
（小周）