科目 英語
年級 高三
文件 high3 unit3.doc
標(biāo)題 Australia
章節(jié) 第三單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高三英語第三單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
本單元第10和11課是說明文。建議教師利用地圖或地球儀引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用英語討論澳大利亞的地理位置、氣候特點(diǎn)、動植物種類等；發(fā)動學(xué)生收集有關(guān)澳大利亞的各種圖片并組織學(xué)生對圖片分類，指導(dǎo)持圖片的學(xué)生在課堂上作中心發(fā)言，其他人補(bǔ)充的方式，師生一起就澳大利亞的歷史、文化、風(fēng)俗等進(jìn)行討論。
這樣做的好處：1)充分地調(diào)動了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性和主動性；2)有效地發(fā)揮了以教師為主導(dǎo)學(xué)生為主體的作用；3)每個學(xué)生都能在教師的指導(dǎo)下得到不同層次的訓(xùn)練，使得學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容落到實(shí)處。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
a)單詞和詞組：
*fix v.make firm of fast; faster sth. So that is cannot be moved使固定，裝配，安裝，確定，常用于fix one’s eyes/ attention on注視：用于“修理”是非正式用語，多用于口語或美國英語中，用來表示帶有安裝固定性質(zhì)的修理，不用于服裝的修補(bǔ)。
The desk was fixed to the floor.
那張書桌固定在地板上。
Let’s fix (up) a date and place for the meeting.
咱們把會議的時間和地點(diǎn)確定下來吧。
You should fixed the lesson in your mind.
你應(yīng)該把這課書好好記住。
They fixed up a bamboo bed me in the front room.
它們在房間前給我搭了張竹床。
[注意]
當(dāng)“修理”講常用repair和mend，但是在用法上又有所不同。
repair一般用于修理較為復(fù)雜的物品，偶爾也用于衣鞋。他可搭配repair bridges/cars/houses/machines/roads/watches/shoes
他還可作，名詞常用復(fù)數(shù)do under be in / out of repair
mend
I’ll have to have the hole in the roof mended.
我得找個人來修補(bǔ)屋頂上的洞。
Mother mended the tear in my shirt.
媽媽給我補(bǔ)好了襯衫上扯破的地方。
They have mended the windows and it shuts properly now.
他們已把窗修好了，現(xiàn)在開關(guān)自如。
*rather than是……而不……；倒不如說；表示選擇，常用于“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”，前后的結(jié)構(gòu)必須相同。如；
The colour seems green rather than blue. (形容詞)
Shall we go far a walk rather than watch TV ? (動詞)
I would prefer to start in August father than in July. (介詞短語)
I ought to be you rather than me that signs the letter. (代詞)
[注意]rather單獨(dú)使用時個程度副詞。與fairly同義。rather通常修飾冷色調(diào)或否定意義的詞，fairly則多修飾表示暖色調(diào)或肯定意義的詞。rather可用語比較級和too之前，而fairly則不能。如：
It’s rather cold today.
It’s fairly warm today.
I did rather better this time.
rather than常與would連用。would rather do than do如：Would you rather go home go with me ? would rather也可以接從句，從句的謂語用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖拢劦竭^去的行為用過去完成時。如：
I would rather you went there with me.
I would rather you had gone just now.
[比較]prefer實(shí)義動詞；prefer to do (rather)than do; prefer to …; prefer to do; prefer something; prefer sb. to do sth. prefer that
He preferred to write to her rather than telephone her.
I prefer walking to cycling.
I should prefer to wait until evening.
Which would you prefer, tea or coffee ?
I prefer my meat well done.
I should prefer you to start early.
He prefer that nothing should be said about his good deeds.
以上單詞和詞組可通過聽對話和課文錄音，以及在教師介紹過程中呈現(xiàn)，然后用問答討論課文內(nèi)容等方式再現(xiàn)以上單詞和詞組加深理解詞義，掌握用法，最后用句型轉(zhuǎn)換或補(bǔ)全句子等方法鞏固，開發(fā)運(yùn)用。
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
本單元應(yīng)掌握的難點(diǎn)知識：
⒈分詞作定語
They invented different kinds of fishing nets, also a curiously shaped piece of wood for hunting which… (page 14)
他們發(fā)明了各種各樣的漁網(wǎng)，還發(fā)明了一種用木頭制成的形狀奇特的捕獵器，……
在”a curiously shaped piece of wood”中的”shaped”是以動詞”shape (vt.使成……形狀)”的過去分詞作定語。
分詞作定語是一種重要的用法。在各種測試中常要求被測試者準(zhǔn)確選用是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。為此必須理解分詞與被修飾的名詞的語法關(guān)系。一般說來，當(dāng)分詞與被修飾的名詞是主謂關(guān)系時用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)分詞與被修飾的名詞是動賓關(guān)系時用過去分詞。如：the falling leaves (=the leaves that are falling);the surprising news (=the news that are surprising); the broken glass (=the glass that is broken); shaped piece of wood (=the piece of wood that is curiously shaped).
[注意]不及物動詞的過去分詞也可以作定語，表示完成或狀態(tài)。如：the fallen leaves (=the leaves that are fallen)
⒉熟記表示倍數(shù)的句型: be…times as +adj./adv. (形容詞或副詞)+as…
be…times + adj./adv.(形容詞或副詞)+than…
be…times + the size of…
The newly-built reading-room is four times as big as the old one.
新建的閱覽室是舊閱覽室的四倍。
The newly-built reading-room is three times bigger than the old one.
新建的閱覽室比舊閱覽室大三倍。
The newly-built reading-room is four times the size of the old one.
新建的閱覽室是舊閱覽室的四倍。
【妙文賞析】
Kangaroos lives only in Australia and on the islands near it. Not many people knew they were there until about 200 years ago. At that time, Captain Cook sailed to Australia from England.
He and his men had traveled halfway around the world. They needed food
for the long trip home. Captain Cook sent a few sailors ashore to get food.
When the sailor returned, they brought with them a big grey animal. The men’s eyes were being opened wide.
“Look at his tail,” said one, “It must be four feet long!”
“What’s the animal called?” asked the captain.
“We tried to get the people to tell us,” answered a sailor, “They kept saying ’Kangaroo’. They wouldn’t say anything else.”
“Kangaroo,” said Captain Cook, “That’s a good name. It sounds as queer as he looks. Captain Cook carefully noted this word in his word book.”
The missionaries(傳教士) who later came to Australia were anxious to see a kangaroo but their questions were met with puzzled looks. They soon discovered that the native who answered Cook’s question was really saying, “I don’t know what you’re pointing at.” This is how the word “Kangaroo” has come into use.
【思維體操】
非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)語時的混淆，出在感觀動詞與使役動詞后接不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞的差別，現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的差別。除此之外，其外動詞的用法都是固定的。
⒈在感觀動詞與使役動詞后接不定式，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)動作本身已經(jīng)發(fā)生，它指動作的全過程，因而表明該動作已結(jié)束。
⒉現(xiàn)在分詞表明動作的情景，即動作正在進(jìn)行，在使役動詞后還含有讓動作得以延續(xù)之意。
用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1)When I went into the hall, I found a group of children _____(run) upstairs.
2)Every morning, Granny Wang will see her granddaughter _____(go) downstairs and then came back with her house work.
3)Tom said that he found some trees by the roadside _____(cut) down and the fallen trees ______(lie) on the ground.
4)─Did you hear someone _____(knock) at the door?
─Yes, I did. I heard him ______(knock) several times.
5)─Don’t worry, boy. We’ll soon have you _____(walk) again.
─Thank you.
參考答案：
1)running; 2)go; 3)cut, lying; 4)knocking, knock; 5)walking
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
非謂語動詞（不定式、分詞）作賓語補(bǔ)語小結(jié)。
非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)語（在被動語態(tài)中，是主語的補(bǔ)語）主要體現(xiàn)在一些動詞或短語的用法上，因此必須熟記這些詞。一般說來，這樣的動詞有三類：
⒈以帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有：ask, beg, tell, order, force(drive),require,allow,permit,forbid,like,get,cause,encourage,expect,want,invite,sign,wave,love,prefer,teach,prepare,train,help(補(bǔ)語也可不帶to),dare, cause, set(使),warn,還有詞組,wait for, call on(號召),depend on, 而choose, find, know, consider一般可以用to be作賓語補(bǔ)語。如：
*He dared me to jump across the stream.
他用激將法要我跳過那條小溪。
*I’ll prepare her to face the difficulty.
我要讓他做好準(zhǔn)備去面對困難。
*In this way, you will be able to train them(to) read faster.
用這種方法你能訓(xùn)練他們閱讀得更快。
*He is considered to be an honest boy.
人們認(rèn)為他是一個城市的孩子。
⒉以不帶to的不定式（被動語態(tài)時，要帶to）和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語的動詞是表示感覺的動詞和使役動詞。它們是feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch和have, let, make。這些詞中，let只有用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語的用法，他一般不用被動語態(tài)。have也不用被動語態(tài)。make沒有用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語的用法。
*The boss made the workers work more than ten hours a day.
這個老板迫使工人們每天工作十多個小時。
*Don’t have children learn so many subjects before they go to school.
上學(xué)前，不要讓孩子們學(xué)習(xí)太多的學(xué)科。
*Jack saw a stranger go into his house.
捷克看見一個陌生人進(jìn)了他的家。
⒊除了感觀動詞和使役動詞外，下列動詞一般用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語：catch(發(fā)覺),dislike, find, get, keep(使得),leave(讓), set(使), like, love。下列動詞可以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語：get, make, find, want, order, wish, leave.如：
*When camping in the mountain, we got the fire burning all the night.
在山上宿營時，我們讓火徹夜燃燒。
*When she walked near to the door, Lily found the door locked.
當(dāng)黎黎走近房門時，她發(fā)現(xiàn)門鎖著。
注意：
1)不定式根據(jù)語境的需要可以有被動式或完成式。現(xiàn)在分詞也有被動式，如：
*They ordered the fire to be put out at once.
他們要求立即將火撲滅。
*When she awoke, she found herself being looked after by a nurse.
醒來時，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己還由一名護(hù)士照料著。
*The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
據(jù)說該書已被譯成多種文字。
2)在被動語態(tài)中賓語補(bǔ)語變成主語補(bǔ)語，感觀動詞和使役動詞后的不定式必須將加上。如：
*The boy was seen to enter that empty house.
有人看見那個孩子進(jìn)了那間空房子。
*Birds are seldom heard to sing at night.
鳥很少聽到在夜間叫。
3)英語中用帶的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語的動詞大多表示允許、請求、命令、要求、愛好、厭惡以及表示智力的動詞。但有幾個動詞卻沒有這種搭配。如：hope, find, demand, agree, suggest, lead(引導(dǎo))。這些動詞要牢記。
【動腦動手】
同步訓(xùn)練
I.單詞拼寫：
1.Most v____ have rivers running through them.
2.A modern city should have an advanced transport s_____.
3.The salty soup made me very t_____.
4.The man is s____ himself trying to lose weight.
5.They built a f____ around the yard to keep the dog in.
6.Tom and Jack are going (露營)_____ in the bush with their friends.
7.Old John was (經(jīng)驗)_____ at finding underground springs.
8.Some metals have to be (進(jìn)口)_____ from abroad.
9.Every person needs water and a diet of (健康)_____ foods.
10.Lin Fang was invited to an (澳大利亞)_____ home yesterday. 1.______
2.______
3.______
4.______
5.______
6.______
7.______
8.______
9.______
10.______
II.單項選擇：
A)同步訓(xùn)練：
11.He asked his mother to _____ the hole in the pocket of his jacket.
A. fix B. mend C. repair D. fix up
12.He _____ his homework and then went home.
A. handed in B. handed down
C. handed out D. handed back
13.Which is wrong?
A. He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
B. He prefers to listen to others than talk himself.
C. He likes listening to others much better than talking himself.
D. He prefers listening to others to talk himself.
14.Which doesn’t mean the same as the others?
A. Line A is three times as long as Line B.
B. Line A is three times the length of Line B.
C. Line A is three times longer than Line B.
D. Line A is twice longer than Line B.
15.Pigs will ____ just abut anything.
A. feed on B. feed in C. feed with D. feed to
16.The Second World War _____ in 1939.
A. took place B. happened C. occurred D. broke out
17.The coat and trousers ____ a suit. That is to say: A suit ___ of the coat and trousers.
A. make up, make up
B. are made up of, make up
C. are made up of, is made up of
D. make up, is make up of
18.In a severe winter many wild animals can _____ lack of food.
A. die in B. die from C. die of D. die for
19.Which is wrong of the following?
A. More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.
B. More than two-third of the earth’s surface are covered by water.
C. About 80 percent of our population are peasants.
D. About five-fourths of our population are peasants.
20.Which is wrong of the following?
A. He didn’t study hard and thus he failed his test.
B. He didn’t study hard, so he failed his test.
C. He failed his test and because he didn’t study hard.
D. He didn’t study hard and therefore he failed this test.
B)語法訓(xùn)練
21.Mr Smith usually says that _____ is learning.
A. teacher B. teaching
C. to teach D. being teaching
22.It’s no use _____ a lot without doing anything.
A. to talk B. to say C. talking D. speaking
23.─What has made you so upset?
─_____ three tickets for tonight’s football game.
A. Lost B. Losing
C. Because of losing D. Because I lost
24.Do you consider it any good _____ again?
A. to try B. try C. trying D. tried
25._____ pity on the snake led to his own death.
A. The old man’s taking B. The old man taking
C. The old man took D. The old man taken
26.We have heard of _____ something for the village.
A. your having done B. you’re having done
C. yours having done D. your doing
27.My father’s great pleasure is ______.
A. to fish B. fishing C. to be fishing D. being fishing
28.The shy girl doesn’t like _____ in public.
A. praising B. to be praised
C. being praised D. to praise
29.─Did you close the door when you left?
─Yes, I remember _____ it, for it remains _____.
A. to close, closed B. closing, locking
C. to close, to be locked D. closing, locked
30.Jenny regretted _____ the lecture given by Prof.Miller.
A. to miss B. missing C. being missed D. to be missed
III.完型填空
Some boys join the Navy when they are quite young and often given a course of training as soldiers. It is a long course. During it, the boys study things like maths and science as well as to 31 guns and to do other 32 things.
One of the important things they are 33 is, of course, how to swim. In the old days, many soldiers 34 swim. But now it is rare to find one that can not.
In one school for 35 , the swimming director was very good. He had never failed to teach one to swim 36 the time the course ended. One year, however, 37 was one particular boy who seemed unable to swim. The director 38 giving him extra lessons, but he had 39 success. In the end, as the time drew 40 for the course to end, he had to admit defeat.
31.A. keep B. fire C. make D. carry
32.A. valuable B. special C. constant D. practical
33.A. learned B. studied C. done D. taught
34.A. should B. wouldn’t C. couldn’t D. did
35.A. soldiers B. boys C. swimmers D. officers
36.A. in B. for C. by D. at
37.A. this B. that C. these D. it
38.A. tired B. managed C. succeeded D. planed
39.A. some B. little C. any D. none
40.A. close B. around C. through D. near
IV.短文改錯
Today I visited the Smiths---my first time visit
to an Australia. They live in a small
town. It was very kind for them to meet me at
the railway station and drove me to their home.
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at
home. They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing
together. They eager to know everything about
China and asked me lots question. In fact,
they are planning to visit China in next year. 41._______
42._______
43._______
44._______
45._______
46._______
47._______
48._______
49._______
50._______
【創(chuàng)新園地】
單詞拼寫：
1.Large q____ of coal are needed to produce electricity every year.
2.─What p____ you from going to the concert last night?
─Losing my ticket.
3.Newspapers and TV sets can keep people in t____ with the word.
4.─Can I help you ?
─I’d like to have this package w____ .
5.The computer is one of the most important I ____ in many years.
6.The entrance examination is coming soon, we’ll have to be p___ for it.
7.Old John lived t____ World War Two, but he was very weak.
8.─What a naughty boy! I can hardly find a way to deal with him.
─It will take you much p____ to help him.
9.Cakes and milk are usually s_____ for breakfast in the kindergarten.
10.Mrs.White was o_____ to those who had helped her and her children when they were in trouble.
答案：
1.valleys; 2.system; 3.thirsty; 4.starving; 5.fence; 6.camping; 7.experienced; 8.imported; 9.healthy; 10.Australian;
11-15BADDA 16-20DDBBC 21-25BCBCA
26-30ABCDB 31-35BDDCA 36-40CCABD
Today I visited the Smiths---my first time visit
to an Australia family. They live in a small
town. It was very kind for them to meet me at
the railway station and drove me to their home.
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at
home. They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing
together. They eager to know everything about
China and asked me lots question. In fact,
they are planning to visit China in next year. 41. time
42.Australian
43.of
44.drive
45.their
46.
47.had
48.were
49.questions
50. in
【創(chuàng)新園地答案】
1.quantities; 2.prevented; 3.touch; 4.weighed; 5.inventions;
6.prepared; 7.through; 8.patience; 9.served; 10.obliged