重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法
1．expect的用法
expect[iks'pekt]vt.盼望；料想。其后通常跟不定式、帶不定式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，還可以接名詞、代詞以及賓語(yǔ)從句等。例如：
①Both of us expected to see you in Beijing.
我們兩個(gè)盼望在北京見(jiàn)到你。
②No doubt you are the gentleman whom he was expecting.
你一定就是他所期待的那位先生了。
③We had expected everything to be better.
我們?cè)?jīng)希望事事順利。
④I did not expect to meet you here.
我沒(méi)有料到會(huì)在這兒見(jiàn)到你。
⑤ Do you expect me to stay after that?
在那之后你希望我呆下去嗎？
⑥I expected that you would finish the work in time.
我想到你會(huì)及時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作的。
2．congratulate
1)congratulate是動(dòng)詞，作“祝賀、慶祝”解時(shí)，以被祝賀的人作賓語(yǔ)。
若要說(shuō)出祝賀事項(xiàng)，常用on。
①I congratulated my friend on her birthday.我祝賀我的朋友生日快樂(lè)。
②I congratulated them on what they had achieved.
我因他們?nèi)〉玫木薮蟪删拖蛩麄冏ＹR。
③The scientist is to be congratulated for his valuable contribution to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the countryside.那位科學(xué)家為促進(jìn)科學(xué)知識(shí)在農(nóng)村的普及作出了有益的貢獻(xiàn)，應(yīng)受到祝賀。
2)congratulate oneself的意思是“慶幸，感到幸運(yùn)”。
①I congratulated myself on having escaped unhurt.
我因自己幸免于難而感到幸運(yùn)。
②Well, congratulate yourself that you resisted the temptation.你應(yīng)該為你自己未受誘惑而慶幸。
3)名詞常用復(fù)數(shù)，congratulations。
①Convey my congratulations to him.代我向他祝賀。
②We offered our congratulations to him on his success.我們祝賀他成功。
③Please accept my congratulations on your birthday.
請(qǐng)接受我對(duì)你的生日祝賀。
④It's your birthday today? Congratulations!
今天是你的生日？祝賀你了。
3．introduce
1)用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“正式介紹”，向某人介紹用介詞to。
①Allow me to introduce you to my friend.允許我將你介紹給我的朋友。
②They introduced themselves to each other.他們互相介紹。
2)用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“使認(rèn)識(shí)，使注意”，介詞to后加被認(rèn)識(shí)了解的東西。
①A visit to the museum introduced the students to modern art.
參觀博物館使得學(xué)生對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)有所了解。
②It was my younger brother who introduced me to jazz.
是我弟弟使我了解了爵士音樂(lè)。
4．determine
1)作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“決定”的意思，后接不定式。
①We determined to do this at any cost.
我們不惜任何代價(jià)，決心做這件事。
2)determine sb.to do sth.意為“使某人決定做某事”。
①The circumstances determined him to give up the study of medicine.
這些情況使他決定放棄學(xué)醫(yī)。
3)determine sb.against sth.意為“使某人決定不做某事”。
①The news determined us against further delay.
這消息使我們決心不再拖延。
4)determine和be determined后都可加從句。
①He has determined that nothing(should)prevent him from going.
他決定不顧一切障礙而去。
②We were determined that it(should)be done.
我們下決心要做成這件事。
③Have you determined where you are going to spend the holidays?
你已決定在何處度假了嗎？
④He determined that his son(should)have a good education.
他決定讓他兒子接受良好教育。
5．run一詞的幾種用法
1)run用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“管理”、“經(jīng)營(yíng)”、“辦”。如：
①M(fèi)y aunt runs a hotel by the seaside.
我姑媽在海邊開(kāi)了一家旅館。
②Who runs his house for him since his wife is ill?
由于他妻子生病了，誰(shuí)來(lái)替他操持家務(wù)呢？
③They have the right to run their own affairs.
他們有權(quán)管理自己的事務(wù)。
④The manager is too young to have much experience in running the hotel.
經(jīng)理年紀(jì)太輕，沒(méi)有多少管理酒店的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
⑤Are you the man who runs this shop?
你就是開(kāi)這家商店的人嗎？
⑥You should study how to run meetings successfully.
你們應(yīng)該研究怎樣把會(huì)議開(kāi)好。
2)run可以作系動(dòng)詞用，意為“變得”，后面接形容詞。如：
①The river was beginning to run dry.
河水開(kāi)始干涸起來(lái)。
②His blood ran cold at the news.
聽(tīng)到這消息，他血都涼了。
③I asked Mary to lend me fifty yuan because I was running short of money.
我向瑪麗借五十元因?yàn)槲沂诸^沒(méi)錢了。
④You mustn't let the children run wild and do what they like.
你不能讓孩子們不受約束，愛(ài)干什么就干什么。
6．mix
1)作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“相混合，相混淆”。
①Oil and water will not mix.水和油不相溶。
②He mixes well in any company.他和什么人都合得來(lái)。
2)mix…with…意為“把……和……混合起來(lái)，結(jié)合起來(lái)，混淆”。
①mix water with wine 將水?dāng)v入酒
②mix black with white 混淆黑白
3)mix up意為“攪勻，拌和”，或“搞混，混淆”。
①mix up flour and water 把面粉和水?dāng)噭?/p>
②mix up the salad dressing 把色拉調(diào)料調(diào)好
③You have mixed up all my pencils.
你把我們的鉛筆全混了。
④His explanation mixed me up even more.
他的解釋使我更糊涂了。
⑤I always mix Mary up with Susan.
我總是分不清Mary和Susan.
4)be mixed up意為“搞亂了，弄糊涂了”。
①Your ideas are all mixed up.你的想法全亂了。
②We got mixed up in our directions.
我們搞不清方向了。
③He felt very mixed up about life.
他覺(jué)得弄不清人生真諦。
5)be/get mixed up in 意為“卷入、介入、參與”。
① I don't want to get mixed up in the affair.
我不想介入那件事。
②I wonder how he got mixed up in the case.
我不明白他怎么卷入那個(gè)案件。
7．owe的用法
1)作及物動(dòng)詞用，意為“欠(債)”。
①They asked him to pay what he owed them.
他們要他償還欠他們的債務(wù)。
②I owe $ 20 to the tailor.我欠裁縫二十美元。
③He still owes for the goods he bought last month.
他仍然欠上個(gè)月買東西的帳。
④I have paid all that was owed.
我已經(jīng)把所有欠債都還清了。
2)owe還有“應(yīng)把…歸功于…”之意。如：
①I owe it to you that I'm still alive.
我現(xiàn)在還活著，應(yīng)該感謝你。
②We owe a great deal to our parents and teacher.
我們深受父母及師長(zhǎng)之恩。
③He owes his success to hard work and practice.
他的成功是努力工作和實(shí)踐的結(jié)果。
④If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to my teacher.
如果說(shuō)我有一些進(jìn)步，這應(yīng)該全部歸功于我的老師。
3)owe亦可解釋為“應(yīng)當(dāng)給予……”。如：
①You owe me an apology.你得向我道歉。
②I owe you many thanks. 我非常感謝你。
③Mr Wang owes himself a holiday.
王先生應(yīng)該好好休個(gè)假。
④We should do the duty which we owe to our country.
我們應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)家盡我們應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。
重點(diǎn)詞組用法
1．be tired of(=be no longer interested in) 意為“對(duì)……厭煩”。例如：
①Are you tired of living in the city?
你在城里住的厭煩了嗎？
②The old couple are not tired of living in the country.
那對(duì)老夫婦住在鄉(xiāng)下不感到厭煩。
③They are tired of the same food for supper every evening.
每天晚餐吃同樣的食物，他們感到厭煩了。
④Don't make so much noise, I am tired of so much of it.
不要制造如此多的噪音，我討厭這么多的噪音。
2．drop in的用法
drop in意為“順便來(lái)訪；到……家來(lái)”，常用于非正式文體中。表示“來(lái)訪某家”時(shí)，用“drop in at…”，表示“來(lái)訪某人”時(shí)，用“drop in on…”。例如：
①Please drop in at my office when you happen to be free.
如果你碰巧有空的話，請(qǐng)到我的辦公室來(lái)。
②I'd like to drop in at Mr Sun on the way to school.
在去學(xué)校的路上，我想順道拜訪一下孫先生。
③Xiao Wang often dropped in when he worked at the college.
小王在大學(xué)工作時(shí)經(jīng)常到我家來(lái)。
④I just dropped in to see if he was at home studying English.
我只是順便來(lái)看看他是否在家學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
3．help…out 意為“幫助(做某事；克服困難等)”。例如：
①Nobody helped me out when I lost my job.
在我失業(yè)時(shí)沒(méi)有人幫助我。
②The students help out in the factory after school.
同學(xué)們放學(xué)后到那家工廠幫忙。
③Kate fell ill last week, many of her friends came to help out.
凱特上周生病了，她的很多朋友都來(lái)幫忙。
④He often helps us out when we have been in trouble.
當(dāng)我們有困難時(shí)他經(jīng)常幫我們的忙。
4．“Let's drink to…” 是祝酒的用語(yǔ)，介詞to后跟名詞，表示“為(某事)干杯”的意思。例如：
①Let's drink to the success of Mr John.
為約翰先生的成功干杯！
②Let's drink to your further achievements.
咱們?yōu)槟愀蟮某删透杀?/p>
③Now, let's drink to the friendship between both of us.
現(xiàn)在，為我們兩人的友誼，干杯！
【注意】表示“我提議為……干杯”可以使用“I should like to propose a toast to…”。例如：
①I should like to propose a toast to the health of all the friends present here!
我提議，為在座的朋友們的健康，干杯！
②I'd like to propose a toast to the further development of our country.
我提議，為我國(guó)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，干杯！
5．a(chǎn)t the moment, for the moment, for a moment和in a moment
▲at the moment 用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，意為“此刻”，用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中意為“那時(shí)”。如：
①I am busy at the moment.我此刻很忙。
②Our manager is having an interview with a newspaper reporter at the moment.
我們經(jīng)理此刻正在接受報(bào)社記者采訪。
③At the moment he was busy preparing his lessons.
那時(shí)，他正忙于準(zhǔn)備功課。
④My parents are getting in the wheat at the moment.
我父母親正在收割小麥。
⑤At the moment Tom was playing hide----and----seek with other boys.
當(dāng)時(shí)，湯姆正與其他孩子玩捉迷藏。
▲for the moment作“暫時(shí)”、“目前”解釋。如：
①Stop discussing for the moment, please.請(qǐng)暫停討論。
②Filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself completely.
他一下子使出了非凡的力氣，自己完全站了起來(lái)。
③We have to stay in the inn for the moment as the hotels around are full.
由于周圍的旅館都已滿了我們暫時(shí)只能待在小客棧里。
▲for a moment 意為“片刻”、“一會(huì)兒”。如：
①For a moment I thought of playing truant.
我一時(shí)起了逃學(xué)的念頭。
②I'd like to speak to you for a moment.我想和你談一會(huì)。
③I had to think for a moment before I remembered his name.
我想了一會(huì)兒才記起他的名字。
▲in a moment 意為“立即”、“立刻”。如：
①You go first.I'll come in a moment.你先走我馬上就來(lái)。
②It was done in a moment.一會(huì)兒它便完成了。
③Don't go away, the bus will start in a moment.
別走開(kāi)，汽車馬上就要開(kāi)了。
6．What a shame! (真遺憾！真不像話！)用來(lái)表示“遺憾；憤懣”。可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以后跟that-clause或不定式短語(yǔ)。例如：
①Li Lei didn't do his homework yesterday.----What a shame!
李雷昨天沒(méi)做作業(yè)。一真不像話！
②What a shame that I failed in the mid-term examinations!
我期中考試不及格，真是遺憾！
③What a shame to spare him so much time!
為他浪費(fèi)那么多的時(shí)間，真不值！。
7．thanks to與because of的用法區(qū)別
1)because of指原因，意為“因?yàn)椤保靡灾赋隼碛伞?/p>
①We stayed at home, this is because of rain.
我們呆在家里，因?yàn)橄掠辍?/p>
②Tom's absence was because of sickness.
湯姆因病缺席。
2)thanks to既可表達(dá)正面意義(虧得，多虧，幸虧)，又可表達(dá)諷刺意義(近乎反語(yǔ)“感謝”)。
①Thanks to your help we were successful.
由于你的幫助，我們成功了。(正面)
②It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game.
正是由于你的愚蠢，我們比賽才輸了。
8．come round/around的用法
1)作“(非正式)來(lái)訪”、“串門”解釋。
①I'd like to come round to your place one of these days.
我很愿意哪一天到你們這兒玩玩。
②How kind of you to come round to see us.
你到這兒來(lái)看望我們，真是太好了。
③I'm afraid I can't come round to your place tonight, for I have to finish my work first.我今晚恐怕不能到你家去，因?yàn)槲业孟韧瓿晒ぷ鳌?/p>
④I've been so sorry that you couldn't come round this week.
這星期你不能到這兒來(lái)，我非常遺憾。
2)come round可作“又來(lái)到”、“再現(xiàn)”解釋，主要指隔一段時(shí)間會(huì)來(lái)一次的事情，如節(jié)假日、季節(jié)等。如：
①The summer holidays have come round again.
暑假又到了。
②National Day will soon come round.
國(guó)慶節(jié)即將到來(lái)。
③The time for autumn harvest soon came round.
不久又是秋收季節(jié)了。
④When Saturday came round, I went to see my brother.
到了星期六，我就去看我兄弟。
3)come round 還有“轉(zhuǎn)變看法”、“轉(zhuǎn)而同意”、“回心轉(zhuǎn)意”之意。如：
①If we talk to him, I'm sure he will come round to our point of view.
如果我們和他談?wù)劊铱隙ㄋ麜?huì)轉(zhuǎn)而同意我們的觀點(diǎn)。
②She is now against our ideas, but soon she'll come round.
她現(xiàn)在反對(duì)我們的意見(jiàn)，但很快她會(huì)改變看法的。
③Jack came round when he knew the fact.
杰克知道了事實(shí)真相后，就改變了原來(lái)的看法。
④Don't worry about Mother. She will come round in the end.
別擔(dān)心母親的態(tài)度，她最終會(huì)改變的。
4)come round亦可作“恢復(fù)知覺(jué)、健康”等解釋。如：
①After this rain, my flowers will come round again.
過(guò)了這場(chǎng)雨后，我的花兒就會(huì)緩過(guò)來(lái)了。
②They watched by her bed, waiting for her to come round.
他們守在她床邊，等待她蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)。
常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1．I wish you every success in the future.
“I wish you+名詞”用來(lái)表示“祝愿”，常用于正式場(chǎng)合。如：
①I wish you success.祝你成功。
②I wish you a happy birthday.祝你生日快樂(lè)。
另外，“I wish you+adj.”也表示“祝愿”。如：
①I wish you lucky.祝你走運(yùn)。
②I wish you safe in the journey.祝你一路平安。
表示祝愿的形式，常見(jiàn)的有：
a)用原形動(dòng)詞。如：
Long live China.中國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！
b)用May+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：
May you be happy all your life.祝你一生幸福。
c)用“I hope+that clause”句型。如：
I hope(that) you'll get well soon.祝你早日康復(fù)。
I hope(that)you have a good time.祝你玩得高興。
<注>
“I wish+that clause”句型不是表示祝愿，而是表示“但愿”、“希望”之意。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況。如：I wish (that)you had read the book.真希望你已讀過(guò)這本書(shū)了(事實(shí)是沒(méi)讀過(guò))。I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day.但愿有朝一日我能坐宇宙飛船到月亮上去(事實(shí)上不可能)。
2．I insist on telling him how great you were. 我一定要告訴他你是多么了不起。
“insist on sth./doing sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，其意思為“一定要……；堅(jiān)持要求”。
例：
①I insist on an early reply.我堅(jiān)決要求早日答復(fù)。
②She insisted on seeing the manager as soon as possible.
她堅(jiān)持要盡快見(jiàn)到經(jīng)理。
③He insisted on lending me the money I needed.
他一定要把我需用的錢借給我。
當(dāng)insist作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟that----clause, 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should常可省略。例：
①I insisted that he(should) go.我一定要他去。
②He insisted that the work should be finished at the end of this month.
他堅(jiān)決要求這項(xiàng)工作在月底完成。