一、單元考點(diǎn)提示

1.單詞

fortunate, require, steady, glance, gain, actual, loose, pause, aloud , calm, flight, reception

2.短語

keep one’s balance 保持平衡 catch on 絆住，鉤住

require sth. of sb. 對(duì)某人要求…… lose one’s voice 失音；噪子啞

do/perform gymnastics做/表演體操 in actual fact 事實(shí)上

in a flash 一剎那間 hold out 伸出(手等)；堅(jiān)持

the moment 一……就…… break off 打斷；折斷

glance over the shoulder回頭一瞥；回望一眼

for fear that 恐怕的是……以防

3.句型

It was time for her performance on the high and low bars.

He recognized me the moment/minute/instant/immediately/directly/as soon as he saw me.

Something may have happened to her.

It is not like her to have missed two days of class.

On his arrival he went straight to the counter.

4.語法

復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致和賓語從句。

復(fù)習(xí)間接引語。

二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展

1.Something may have happened to her. She might have had an accident.

兩句中都用的“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might +完成時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，有以下用法：

①may/might + have + 過去分詞表示推測過去某動(dòng)作“可能”發(fā)生了。如：

I can’t find my sunglasses, I may/might have left them at the

restaurant yesterday.

一般來說，may和might兩者意思上沒什么區(qū)別，只是may比might表示的可能性大些。如：

He may have heard of it from Jack.

He might have heard of it from Jack.

在下列情況下，may和might 用法有區(qū)別：

句子的主要?jiǎng)釉~是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，間接引語中用may/might;

句子的主要?jiǎng)釉~是過去時(shí)，間接引語中只用might.如：

He says that she may/might have misunderstood him.

He said that she might have misunderstood him.

②might + have + 過去分詞，表示對(duì)本來可能發(fā)生而實(shí)際并未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的感嘆或遺憾含有“責(zé)備”、“抱怨”之意，而may +　完成時(shí)無此含義。如：

You might have told us earlier.

This medicine might have cured your cough

2.must + have + 過去分詞

表示推測過去某動(dòng)作“一定發(fā)生了”。如：

-They quarrelled quite often and whenever they quarrelled they threw glasscup at each other.

-They must have broken a lot of glasses.

3.fall over意為“跌倒”，“跌跤”。如：

When he was skating, he fell over some times.

4.It was in Greece that Olympic competitions started.

這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that-clause.該句型可以對(duì)一個(gè)句子里的主語、賓語、狀語（介短或從句）進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。

5.n.+ being performed in China.

該結(jié)構(gòu)中being performed 是動(dòng)記號(hào)-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，在一句子中用在名詞之后，作定語。它常可改寫成一個(gè)定語從句。如：

The prices of the TV sets being shown(= which are shown)are still unknown.

6.prepare sb.for…

該短語意為“使某人對(duì)……進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備”。如：

Mother is preparing me for my journey.

prepare 作為動(dòng)詞，既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞且常與for連用。如：

Mother asked my sister to prepare lunch.

7.preform exercises to music.

短語意為“伴隨音樂做體操”，從中可知“do sth. to music”判決書為“伴隨音樂做某事”。如：

She likes dancing to music.

她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞。

8.There are safety measures to follow while training.

該句意為“訓(xùn)練時(shí)必須遵守安全措施”，這句話里應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：

①while training 是從屬連詞與分詞連用，在句子中做時(shí)間狀語。結(jié)構(gòu)“when/while + -ing 或過去分詞短語”的使用條件是：

when/while 從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同。如：

You should have dropped in on me when staying here.

除了when/while 外，其他的從屬連詞如if，as if, though, as

before,after等，也有這樣的用法。如：

If heated, ice can be turned into water.

②to follow 是不定式做定語，修飾名詞measures,是主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。在There be 句型中，用不定式做的定語時(shí)，即就是不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，也常用不定式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。如：

There is a lot of work to do.

9.think to oneself

該動(dòng)賓詞組意為“心里想”。如：

She was thinking to herself how cold the room was.

Think aloud意為“自言自語”（=talk to oneself）。如：

He stood there with his lips moving as if he talked to

himself/thought aloud.

10.the moment主語 +Ｖ。

此結(jié)構(gòu)中，the moment 用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一……就……”（=as soon as）。相同意思和用法的表達(dá)形式還有：the minute, the instant 和the second。如：

Telephone me the moment you get the results.

11.break off

該短語動(dòng)詞的意思是“中斷說話”，“暫時(shí)停止”。如：

He broke off in the middle of a sentence.

break sth.off/break off sth. with sb.

前者意為“（使）折斷”，后者意為“與某人突然斷絕（關(guān)系）”。如：

The mast broke off /was broken off when the ship was moving.

12.be busy doing sth.

該結(jié)構(gòu)意為“忙于做某事”。應(yīng)注意的是be busy 后只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式to do,相同結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有worth。如：

①He is busy writing his composition.

②She keeps busy working on a new novel these weeks.

③This book is well worth seeing.

13.The first thing she did was go up to her trainer…and thank her…

該句中，go up to…是動(dòng)詞不定式短語作表語，省略了不定式符號(hào)to,這是因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z被定語從句she did修飾的緣故。語法規(guī)定，解釋doing 精確意思的分句，可用不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。如：

What I can do is (to)help him (to)clean the floor.

14.at the doctor’s

該結(jié)構(gòu)為介詞+名詞所有格，意為“在診所”。所有格-’s后一般接名詞，如her mother’s bike ,但有時(shí)這個(gè)名詞可省略，主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面：

①指一個(gè)企業(yè)，機(jī)構(gòu)，教堂，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，家庭，理發(fā)店，店鋪時(shí)。如：

She is at the hairdresser’s.

②為了避免重復(fù)，省略-’s后的名詞。如：

I have read some of Shaw’s plays,but none of Shakespeare’s.

15.knock into

該短語意為“把……敲人” ，也可意譯為“撞著某人/某物”如：

①The wall is so hard I can’t knock nails into it.

②He was reading while he eas walking and knocked into a tree.

16.it looks as if…

意為“看起來好像……”，as if可用as though替換，在此引導(dǎo)表語從句，另外它們也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句，從句既可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。如：

①It looks as if /though it’s going to rain.（陳述語氣）

②You look as if you’d seen a ghost.（虛擬語氣）

17. It’s (just)like sb. to do sth.

該句意思是“某人（恰恰）就是……這個(gè)樣子”，表示贊揚(yáng)或不滿；若用否定式，則表示懷疑。如：

It is just like her to think of others before thinking of herself.

18.in a flash

該介賓詞組意為“轉(zhuǎn)眼間”，“突然間”，“瞬間。”如：

In a flash. I realized where we had met before.

19.on one’s arrival…

該詞組意為“一到達(dá)……就……”（= on arriving…）。如：

On her arrival she helped me to prepare supper.

20.with fear

該介詞短語意為“由于害怕”，with + n.有時(shí)用來表示原因，其中的n.常是表示情感的名詞。

如：Her face turned pale with fear.

21.by name

該介賓詞組的意思是“名叫……”；“憑名字”。如：

①He met a man, John by name.

②I knew him only by name.

22.Training by yourself in a game can be highly dangerous.

句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,表示一時(shí)的情況，意為“有時(shí)侯會(huì)……”。

can的這種用法，只用在肯定句中。如：

Children are lovely, but they can be tiring.

23.They each… on three pieces of equipment as well as the floor.

此句中，equipment是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“裝備、器械”，無復(fù)數(shù)形式。使用時(shí)它不能與不定冠詞、基數(shù)詞連用。當(dāng)表達(dá)數(shù)量概念時(shí)，其表達(dá)式為：工/基數(shù)詞 + piece(s)+of+equipment。

類似的名詞還有：machinery, clothing, furniture, jewelry等。

24.it was clear that –clause

該句型是用it作形式主語，that-clause主語從句放在了后邊，注意區(qū)別：“it is/was clearly that主語 + V…”這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。如：

It is clear that he passed the exam.

25.twelve more steps

此結(jié)構(gòu)掌握的重點(diǎn)twelve與more間的位置關(guān)系，意為“再有12個(gè)臺(tái)階”。如：

We must climb twelve more steps to the top.

基數(shù)詞 + more + n.s.= another + 基數(shù)詞 + n.s.如：

There are 3 more chairs /another 3 chairs for dinner.

三、精典名題導(dǎo)解

題1 （NMET 1999）

____________him and then try to copy what he does.

A.Mind B.Glance at C.Stare at D.Watch

分析：D。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的英文解釋如下：①mind:take care of or look

after ②glance at:give a rapid look ③stare at:look fixedly with wide open eyes,as in wonder, fear or deep thought ④watch:attend carefully to sb. or sb’s action 從原句中的try to copy what he does 可知。

題2 （上海 2001春）

It was for this reason____________her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.

A.which B.why C.that D.how

分析：C。for this reason 是一個(gè)完整部分，去掉It was和空白處，句意完整，只不過語序發(fā)生了變化。因此該題測試的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。

題3 （NMET 2000）

It is the ability to do the job_____________matters not where you come from or what you are .

A.one B.that C.what D.it

分析：B。關(guān)鍵詞為matters.此詞為動(dòng)詞的謂語形式，故此題不是一個(gè)簡單句，該句又不是名詞性從句，故可排除A、D、C，實(shí)際上這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

題4 （NMET 2001春）

-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

-Yes.I gave it to her__________I saw her.

A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once

分析：B。C、D為副詞，不能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。while必須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，而saw為終止性動(dòng)詞。