Lesson 50
Teaching procedures:
Step 1.Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Revise the key points of Lesson 49.
Step 2.Presentation
Talk about Albert Einstein, collect the information provided by the students and write them on the Bb.
Step 3.Fast-reading
Read the first passage and answer the following questions:
(1) What scientific work is Einstein famous for? (physics)
(2) Where did he spend the last part of his life? (the US)
Step 4.Detailed-reading
Now get the students to read the first text more carefully, and answer the questions on P74 of Workbook and make judgment on P75. Do orally with the class.
1. When and where was Einstein born?
Albert Einstein was born in Germany on March 14th, 1879.
2. How did Einstein manage to study at university in Switzerland?
To earn enough money to continue his studies, he worked in Switzerland first as a teacher, then in a government office. With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university in Switzerland.
3. Why was the period between 1905 and 1915 an important one for Einstein?
During that period, he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.
4. What was he given for his scientific research in physics in 1921?
He was given the Nobel Prize for Physics.
5. Did Einstein care for money? How do you know?
In 1933 Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA. He had been invited to teach at a university there. He accepted the job of Professor of Physics, but asked for very little money. He had never been interested in becoming rich. He once refused to speak on the radio for $ 1,000 a minute. Another time someone saw him using a cheque for $ 1,500 as a bookmark. Then he lost the book!
6. What else did he work for besides his scientific research?
Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.
7. Why was he so fond of music?
It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in the world full of wars and killings.
8. What kind of person do you think Einstein was?
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
9. What can we learn from Albert Einstein?
His spirit of devotion to science, his simple way of life and his love for peace.
Step 5.List the events (P74 Ex.2)
1879: He was born in Germany.
From 1895 on: He studied at university in Switzerland.
1905: He received a doctor's degree.
1921: He won the Nobel Prize for physics.
1933: He and his family left Europe for the USA.
1940: He took American nationality.
1955: He died in the USA.
Step 6.Note making
P3, Part 2. Tell the students to read the first part text and make notes. Do orally with the class.
Step 7.Reference
P3, Part 3. Tell the students to read the first part text and tell what the bold parts refer to. Answers:
1.himself –Albert 2. it – to get along with the other boys
3.there – in Switzerland 4. that – the pay
5.Where – at university 6.one – the period between 1905 and 1915
7.which – research and studies 8.which – the peace
Step 8.Language points of the text:
1. When he was a young boy he used to ask lots of questions...
在孩童時(shí)代，他常常問許多問題……
used to do sth. 意為“過去常常做某事”，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別：
(1) 與would的區(qū)別：
used to一般不和過去的頻度狀語連用，而would可以。used to既表示狀態(tài)，也表示反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，而would只表示反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，如：
When I was young, I used to have a lot more free time than I do now. I used to live near my work and would always get home early. Sometimes I would do a bit of gardening or go for a long walk.我年輕時(shí)比我現(xiàn)在空閑得多。我過去的居所離工作地點(diǎn)近，因此常常早早回家。有時(shí)我干點(diǎn)園藝活或散散步。
注意句中的used to have和used to live表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，不可用would，而和always及sometimes連用的would因?yàn)橛斜硎绢l度的狀語從而不能用used to替代。
(2) 與be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth.的區(qū)別：
be used to doing sth.意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，be used to doing sth.意為“被用來干什么”，而used to do sth.意為“過去常常做某事”，如：
He used to bring me roses when he came to see me.過去他來看我時(shí)常帶玫瑰花。
I'm used to doing jogging in the morning now.我習(xí)慣于早上慢跑。
Computers can be used to do a lot of work now.如今電腦可用來做許多事。
2. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths all by himself. 到他14歲那年，他已自學(xué)了數(shù)學(xué)。
(1) by oneself 意為“獨(dú)自”，相當(dāng)于 alone。反身代詞可以組成一些習(xí)語和詞組，如：I'm not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
The emperor wished to see the cloth for himself.皇帝想親眼看看這種布。
The door opened of itself.門自動(dòng)開了。
Bob has taught himself German for four years.鮑勃自學(xué)了四年德語。
The little girl dare not stay at the lonely cottage by herself.
那個(gè)小女孩不敢單獨(dú)留在那荒涼的小房子里。
(2) by與時(shí)間名詞連用時(shí)一般表示“到某時(shí)為止”，由于終點(diǎn)時(shí)間不同，其后所接的時(shí)態(tài)也不同。此外，狀態(tài)性的動(dòng)詞多用一般時(shí)，而動(dòng)作性的動(dòng)詞多用完成時(shí)，如：
By the time he was fourteen years old, he knew he would become a scientist.
到他14歲那年，他意識(shí)到他將成為一名科學(xué)家。
By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned two thousand words.
到他14歲那年，他已學(xué)了2000個(gè)詞。
By the end of last year, we had set up another two branches in this area.
到去年年底，我們已經(jīng)在這個(gè)地區(qū)建立了兩個(gè)分部。
By now, several bridges have been built over the Yangtze River.
到目前為止，長(zhǎng)江上已經(jīng)建了好幾座橋。
By the end of this century, China will have become a more powerful country in the world.到本世紀(jì)末，中國(guó)將成為世界上更強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。
3. All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone...
content 意為“滿足的”、“滿意的”、“愿意的”。content 是表語形容詞，一般不作定語作用。content作表語時(shí)，后面常常接介詞with或動(dòng)詞不定式。
be well content 很滿意
Are you content with your present salary? 你對(duì)目前的薪水滿意嗎?
She is always content with very little. 她總是很容易滿足。
I should be well content to do so. 我很樂意這樣做。
content 也可以作為名詞使用，但語義與形容詞相差甚遠(yuǎn)，在使用時(shí)需注意區(qū)別。如：What do you think of the content of the film? 你認(rèn)為這部電影的內(nèi)容如何?
Can you calculate the content of the tube? 你能計(jì)算出試管的容量嗎?
4. With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905. 他用自己掙來和節(jié)省的錢繼續(xù)在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，于1905年獲得了一個(gè)博士學(xué)位。
(1) 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，其中包含了兩個(gè)定語從句。That he received and saved修飾the pay, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905修飾university。
(2) pay 是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“薪金”或“報(bào)酬”，常用low/high修飾，如：
He gets his pay each Friday. 他每星期五領(lǐng)薪金。
Success is often the pay for hard work. 成功往往是勤奮的回報(bào)。
(3) receive/win/get a doctor's degree, 意為“獲得博士學(xué)位”，類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有 receive/win/get a master's degree/a bachelor's degree，意為“獲得碩士/學(xué)士學(xué)位”。注意學(xué)位前的不定冠詞，如：
Mike received a doctor's degree of/in physics in Princeton University last semester.
麥克上學(xué)期在普林斯頓大學(xué)獲得了一個(gè)博士學(xué)位。
5. ... he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics. 他開始了研究，這些研究使他在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
(1) lead to 是一個(gè)活躍的詞組，意為“通向”、“導(dǎo)致”、“使得”等等，其常見的結(jié)構(gòu)是 lead to sth. 或 lead sb.to sth. 或lead sb. to do sth.。如：
All roads lead to Rome. 條條道路通羅馬。
Hard work and proper ways will lead you to success.
勤奮的工作和正確的方法會(huì)使你成功。
What led you to believe him? 是什么使得你相信他的?
(2) research 既是動(dòng)詞，也是名詞，意為“研究”，如：
He has gone to India to do some research on the culture there.
為了研究印度文化他去了印度。
The scientists have been researching into the cause of the AIDS.
科學(xué)家們一直在研究愛滋病的病因。
6. He accepted the job of Professor of physics, but asked for very little money. 他接受了物理學(xué)教授的職位，但要求的薪水甚少。
派生詞：acceptable adj. 可以接受的 acceptance n. ［U］ 接受；贊同
If this condition is acceptable to you, that's settled then.
如果這項(xiàng)條件你可以接受，那就這么定了。
Professor Smith's suggestion met with general acceptance.
史密斯教授的建議受到普遍的贊同。
7. He once refused to speak on the radio for $ 1,000 a minute. Another time someone saw him using a cheque for $ 1,500 as a bookmark.有一次，他拒絕作每分鐘1,000 美元的廣播講話。還有一次，有人看見他用一張1,500美元的支票作書簽。
1) for $ 1,000 a minute 意為“以每分鐘1,000美元的價(jià) 格”，for在這里相當(dāng)于 at the price of。又如：
The couple bought the house for $ 200,000. 這對(duì)夫婦花了20萬美元買了這座房子。
They got the 51% of the shares of the company for100,000,000 dollars.
他們花了1億美元買下了這家公司的51%的股份。
2) a cheque for 1,500注意介詞for表示“代表”之意.
3) Once... Another time... 注意上下兩句中的關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“一次……還有一次……”。 在寫作時(shí)用一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞可使句與句之間、段落與段落之間關(guān)系緊湊。
8. Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.除了物理工作，他還花費(fèi)許多時(shí)間為人類權(quán)利和進(jìn)步而工作。
Besides在使用時(shí)需注意與except的區(qū)別。 besides常和another, more else等詞連用，表示兩者相加的關(guān)系。except常和all, every, no, nothing, nobody等詞連用，表示從整體中去除部分的關(guān)系。如：
Besides me, two more students were chosen to take part in the competition.
除了我以外還有兩位學(xué)生也被選中去參加這次競(jìng)賽。
Everybody is here except Tom. 除了湯姆大家都到了。
9. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist. 這就是愛因斯坦，一個(gè)質(zhì)樸的人，(但卻是)20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家。
這是一個(gè)倒裝句。當(dāng)such/so位于句首時(shí)，句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意
such既可用作代詞，也可用作形容詞。如：
Such is the answer to the question. 這就是這個(gè)問題的答案。
Such are our products, much more advanced. 這就是我們的產(chǎn)品，先進(jìn)得多了。
試比較：
Grace has been to Hong Kong. So have I. 格雷斯去過香港。我也去過。
So fresh is the air at the top of Mount Tai that we can't help taking a few deep breaths.泰山頂上的空氣是如此清新，我們禁不住深深吸了幾口氣。
Step 9.Conclusion
In 1879 Born in Germany
When he was a young boy, Used to ask lot s of questions, didn’t enjoy school, found it hard to get along with others
By the time he was 14 Learned mathematics all by himself
From the year he was 17 Studied in Switzerland, earned money to go no with his studies.
In 1905 Received a doctor’s degree
Between 1905~1915 Began the research and studies leading to his new discoveries
In 1918 Received world-wide praise for his research
In 1921 Won the Nobel Prize for physics; gave talks in many countries
In 1933 Left Europe for the USA; accept the job as a professor; asked for little money; never interested in becoming rich
In 1940 Took American nationality, spent time working for human rights and progress
In 1955 Died at the age of 76
Homework:
Preview L51.