內容

一、教法建議

【拋磚引玉】

　　義務教育初中英語教科書第二冊吸取了世界上現代的語言教學方法，同時又結合我國國情繼承了傳統的行之有效的教學方法，具體體現在以下幾方面：

　　〈一〉義務教育初中英語教科書要教會學生如何使用英語，而不是懂點英語知識。

　　〈二〉教科書非常重視母語為漢語的學習者在學習英語中的特有的困難和問題。

　　〈三〉遵循英語教學規律，寓思想教育于語言教學之中。英語教學的任務是通過基本訓練培養學生為交際運用英語的能力。只有按照英語教學規律的要求編選教材進行教學，才能有效地講解基礎知識進行基本訓練和培養聽、說、讀、寫能力。教學內容要滲透思想道德因素，要寓思想教育于語言教學之中，隨著學生知識、技能和能力的不斷增長，其思想品德也受著潛移默化的熏陶。因此要幫助學生樹立正確的思想，培養良好的品德。正確認識世界，增強對英語國家文化的了解。

　　〈四〉本單元是交際英語的典范。幫助學生找到自己要去的地方，在交際過程中，要注重用英語來表達怎樣行走到達目的地即如何用英文表達方向這正是本單元的交際重點。

　　〈五〉結合本單元交際性強的特點，可以通過圖片、電視、幻燈等電教手段創設良好語境，從而幫助學生利用這些教學手段，編制有關問路的對話，可以競賽的形式出現。以便激發學生的學習積極性。

　　〈六〉在講授本單元詞匯部分時，應采用多種形式，即詞性轉變、構詞法、近義詞。

　

　　②police警察（總稱） eg. a policeman一個警察；three policemen三個警察

　　③look for，find的區別：前者意思是“尋找”，強調找的動作，不強調動作的結果。find意思是“找到”強調結果，是找到或沒有找到。

　　④need，must的區別：兩者都是情態動詞。need本身還有實義動詞的功能。need的意思是“需要”而must表示主觀上必須要做某事。

　　⑤street，road的區別：street指一般城市中的“街道”，“馬路”，旁邊一般要有房子。road“道路”普遍指鄉間的道路，兩側沒有房子。一般說法是in the street , on the road。

【指點迷津】

　　教學活動是師生間的雙邊活動。在教學過程中，教師的指導作用主要是引導和幫助學生學習英語。要善于根據學生的年齡特征采用科學、有效的教學方法，排除他們在學習上的心理障礙，以調動他們的主動性和積極性。對學生的點滴進步要及時鼓勵，使他們樹立信心。對學生在口語實踐中出現的小錯誤，不要有錯必糾，以免挫傷他們的積極性。

　　〈本單元語法知識〉：本單元語法知識不多，但實用性強。

　　〈1〉表示需要：

　　①He needs some help.在本句中，need是實意動詞，后可接賓語。②He need do it like this.在本句中，need是情態動詞，后必接動詞原形，表示一種意愿。

　　〈2〉詢問方向和指點方向：

　　①Is there a post office near here ?

　　Where's the nearest hospital , please ?

　　②Go along this road

　　③Taking the first turning on the right

　　④It's next to the hospital .

　　⑤It's in front of the bus stop .

　　⑥It's about a hundred metres along on the left .

　　⑦It's about six kilometres away .

二、學海導航

【學法指要】

　　為了幫助學生鞏固本單元所學知識，精選出以下幾道不同類型的題僅供參考：

　　A：We are new here . It's difficult for us 1 different places in the city . We'd better 2 a street map of the city .

　　題意解析：

　　1.該句意思是“我們很難找一些不同的地方。”英語表現“找；尋找”等概念時，體現動作或結果的用詞是不同的。表示動作用look for；表示結果要用find。

　　2.We'd better是we had better的簡略形式，表示建議或勸告，意思是“最好…”“還是……得好”常用在口語中，后接不帶to的動詞原形。注意：學習運用該句型應注意以下三點：第一，'d是had的縮寫形式，不是would的縮寫形式；第二，該句型的否定式要在better后加not，第三，had better后接動詞原形。

　　B. Good idea ! But I can't 3 maps .

　　A. I'm good at it . Let's get one .

　　題意解析：

　　3.漢語中“看”字的意思很豐富，如“看小孩”、“看電視”、“看書（報）”等。而譯成英語時，卻要用不同的詞來表達，“看”字的不同含義。“看小孩”英語說look after a child /children；“看電視”，為watch TV，而看書（報）則是read a book ( a newspaper )。因此，學習英語一定要注意其習慣表達。

　　B：First , Let's find a fruit shop . I want to buy some 4 .

　　A：The map doesn't show us where the fruit shop is . We'd better ask .

　　B：Excuse me . Is there a fruit shop near here ?

　　題意解析：

　　4.fruit“水果”通常作集體名詞，無復數形式。當fruit作“一種水果”講時，是可數n.

　　eg. It's a kind of vegetable , not a fruit .

　　C：Yes , there is . It's a long this read on the right , about two hundred metres 5 .

　　B：Thank you very much .

　　C：You are welcome .

　　題意解析：

　　5. about two hundred metres away意思是“約200米遠”。away在該句中是“距離…多遠”。

　　B. Now , 6 the map . Where's the zoo ?

　　A. Oh , dear . It's far from here . I 7 can walk there .We must 8 .

　　題意解析：

　　6. have a look和look都是“看；瞧”的意思。當后面接有賓語時，要加介詞at即have a look at …

　　7.A項和C項和上句句意不相符。B項漢語意思是“我不知道我們能步行去。”言外之意是我們能步行去，其含義和上句“很遠”也不相符。C項“我想我們不能步行去”為正確答案。

　　8.四項中的答案都是“坐公共汽車”的意思。但是前三項答案均為介詞。介詞短語不能作句子的謂語，在運用中要加動詞。

　　B：What bus do we need ?

　　A：Well , we need 9 . Look ! The bus stop is on the other side 10 road .

　　B：Quick ! The bus is coming .

　　題意解析：

　　9.該句的意思是“我們需要坐哪路公共汽車？”嗯，我們需要坐8路公共汽車。

　　10.on the other side of…屬于習慣用語，意思是“在…另一面／邊，在…對面。”

　　1. A. find B. to find C. look for D. to look for

　　2. A. buy B. to buy C. to get D. to find

　　3. A. see B. look C. look at D. read

　　4. A. banana B. pear C. fruit D. fruits

　　5. A. away B. pear C. near D. along

　　6. A. have a look B. have a look at C. look D. see

　　7. A. are sure B. don't know C. think D. don't think

　　8. A. by bus B. in a bus C. on a bus D. catch a bus

　　9. A. No.8 the bus B. bus No.8 C. a number 8 bus D. 8 Number bus

　　10. A. on B. of C. at D. in

【妙文賞析】（思路點撥）

　　本文是一個發生在師生之間的小故事，對人物的內心刻畫生動，是一篇比較適合學生閱讀佳作。

　　“Doing…”the alarm of the clock woke me up . I opened my eyes and looked at the clock . “Oh , my god ! It's seven o'clock ! I'll be late for school again , ” I thought . I jumped out of bed , washed my face , then hurried to school without breakfast . On my way to school , it began to rain hard .

　　When I got to the door of our classroom , I was all wet and shivering with cold . Our English teacher had already begun his lesson . It was Mr.Wu . He was about fifty years old . I was a little afraid of him . I hesitated for a moment before I pushed the door . 'I am very sorry , Mr.Wu . I am late again , ' I said with a red face .

　　“It's you again , Xiao Wing ,”Mr.Wu said angrily .“I've told you not to be late , but you…”he suddenly stopped and looked at my wet clothes . He turned to the class and said ,“I'm very sorry , my boys and girls .”With these words he quickly took off his own jacket and quickly handed it to me .“Now take off your wet coat and put this one on or you'll get ill,” he said kindly .

　　I went to my seat with my teacher's jacket . It was a bit big for me but I felt very warm in it . I found , for me but I felt very warm in it . I found , for the first time , English was so interesting and how well I could understand it !

　〈1〉When Xiao Ming got up , it was .

　　　A. seven o'clock

　　　B. six o'clock

　　　C. in the afternoon

　　　D. time for class

　〈2〉He When he went to school .

　　　A. ate his breakfast

　　　B. ate some rice

　　　C. didn't eat anything

　　　D. had a cup of milk

　〈3〉He was shivering because

　　　A. it was very cold in winter

　　　B. it was raining and he was all wet

　　　C. he got ill

　　　D. he caught a bad cold

　〈4〉Mr.Wu was his .

　　　A. Chinese teacher

　　　B. maths teacher

　　　C. old teacher

　　　D. English teacher

　〈5〉Xiao Ming was a little afraid of his teacher because his teacher .

　　　A. was strict with his students

　　　B. was often angry at them

　　　C. often hit him on the head

　　　D. was not good to them

【解析】

　　本題只要認真閱讀答案就在原文中，在做本題時應先讀題，然后根據問題去讀短文。

【思維體操】

　　按照語言學習的規律，學生必須吸收相當數量的語言材料和經過一定量的語言實踐，才能獲得為交際運用英語的能力，因而，從開始就應加強聽力訓練。教師還應逐步引導學生進行不同內容的閱讀訓練。加強聽讀訓練，即能增加吸收語言材料的量、擴大知識面，又能加深理解、鞏固所學語言知識、提高聽、說、讀、寫能力，啟發興趣和發展思維能力。

　　1. What animal is the biggest in the land ?

　　　A. A panda B. A tiger C. An elephant D. A monkey

【提示】

　　本題需考生要有一定的地理、生物方面的常識。

　　2. Joan is fourteen . Kate is fourteen , too .

　　　Joan is old Kate .

【提示】

　　本題要培養學生聯句及同意句轉換的能力，明確as…as的用法。

　　3. John is the tallest in his class .

　　　John is any in his class .

【提示】

　　本題是比較級與最高級轉換典型題，應注意than后的any other student .

三、智能顯示

【心中有數】

　　在英語教學中，要教給學生語言、詞匯和語法的基礎知識，加強基本訓練，使學生掌握英語的基本結構。獲得聽、說、讀、寫基本技能和能力。英語教學要著重培養學生綜合運用語言、詞匯、語法進行聽、說、讀、寫的交際能力。因此，在訓練的過程中，不要過多地做語言形式的練習，要使語言形式與語言意義相聯系。要使語言形式與學生的生活實際相聯系，從而使言語技能發展成運用語言形式與學生的生活實際相聯系，從而使言語技能發展成運用語言進行交際的能力。為此，要結合學生的實際編寫有助于開展交際活動的材料。我們教師應做到心中有數，要設法結合學生生活實際創造交際活動情景，以增強學生學習的興趣，使他們能積極參與言語實踐活動。

　〈1〉怎樣問路與指路

　　　①Excuse me . is the nearest bus stop , please ?

　　　②Could you please me to get to the railway station ?

　　　③Go down this street , then right the second crossing .

【動腦動手】

　1.“What's the most important thing in the world ?　　　, because it is first in everything and everybody .

　　A. The letter E

　　B. The letter V

　　C. It's man

　　D. I don't know

【提示】

　　本題是一道智力題，但只要同日常生活相連，就不難做出回答。

　2. She prepares food in the kitchen for the students everyday . She has to go shopping in the mornring . She is a .

　　A. farmer B. soldier C. doctor D. cook

【提示】

　　本題是一道生活常識與語言知識相結合的一道綜合題。

　3. Is twenty divided by four more than twenty divided by five ?

　　A. Yes , Five is more than four .

　　B. No , four is more than five .

　　C. No , It's just the same .

　　D. No , I don't think so .

【分析】

　　本題是一道融知識性與趣味性于一體的綜合題。既要懂得be divided by的用法，同時還要進行數字的比較及計算。

【創新園地】

　　（一）書面表達

　　It took Tom many months to save up seven pounds . He wanted to buy a new model plane and meat to the shop with the money .

　　On the way , John saw a little boy crying on a corner of the street .“Why are you crying ?”John asked .

　　“These big boys took away four pounds just now ,”the boy said .“I was on my way to buy some exercise-books , but I can't .”

　　John thought of the seven pounds in his pocket . He thought of the model plane and the poor boy .

　　John fet happy . Do you know why ? He was happy because the little boy was happy .

【分析】

　　本篇文章既通俗易懂，又不乏趣味，但要有次序閱讀，其體材為記敘文。

　　（二）交際配伍

　　（ ）1.Who's on duty ? A. I am

　　（ ）2.What day was yesterday ? B. You're welcome

　　（ ）3.What's the time ? C. Nothing much

　　（ ）4.Thank you for lending me stamps D. It was Tuesday

　　（ ）5.What are you going to do tomorrow ? E. Certainly ! What is it ?

　　（ ）6.May I ask you a questions ? F. It's seven thirty .

　　（三）補全對話

　　A：Look at these people 1 the boats !

　　B：Yes! They're having a time .

　　A：Do English people like ?

　　B：Yes , many people like it . And 4 are very good 5 it .

　　A：Look! What 6 that boat look like ?

　　B：It 7 like a chicken . But I 8 think chickens can swim !

　　A：No , it's a 9 , not a chicken . Oh , we are near to the 10 . Do you wait to go there and see the animals ?

　　B：Yes , I'd love to . Let's go .

　

答案

二、學海導航

【學法指要】

　　1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.D

【妙文賞析】

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A

【思維體操】

　　1.C 2.as…as 3.taller then other student

三、智能顯示

【心中有數】

　　1.Where 2.tell , the way 3.turn , at

【動手動腦】

　　1.A 2.D 3.A

【創新園地】

　　（二）交際配伍

　　1.A 2.D 3.F 4.B 5.C 6.E

　　（三）補全對話

　　1.in 2.good 3. boating 4.they 5.at 6.does 7.looks 8.don't 9.duck 10.zoo