Unit 4 Unforgettable experiences
Teaching Aims and Demands:
1． Key words: advance, scare, struggle
2． Important phrases: light / start a fire , make a fire,put out the fire, set fire to, set sth on fire, catch fire, on fire, be out,put out, go out, go through, look into
3． Classic Patterns: must have done
4． Differences between words and phrases:
a) seize/ catch/ hold b)strike/ hit / knock/ / beat c)drag/ pull/ draw
5． Grammar: Attributive Clause
6． Communicative phrases:
1.Feelings 2.按次序描述時間發生的過程
Teaching Steps:
Step 1 Have a dictation of the words and expressions.
Step 2 Translate the following sentences with the words and expressions in the text.
Step 3. Key words:
1． Advance vt/ vi．前進，進展；提高，促進；提出(看法，建議等)
n．[c]進步，進展；前進；上漲，提高
advanced adj．先進的，高級的
in advance事先，提前
They advanced thirty-five miles that day．他們那天前進了35英里。
The plan he advanced was not good．他提出的計劃不好。
Nothing can stop the advance of social civilization．什么都不能阻止社會文明的進步。
It's cheaper to buy flight ticket in advance．預先購買機票比較便宜。^
Eg.At proper horse races everyone has already studied the form of the horse________．
A．behind time B．in progress C．in advance D．in time
in advance此處的意思是“預先”,behind time在原定的時間之后；in progress在進展中；in time及時。
Scare ．恐嚇(同frighten)vi．受驚嚇
2． fear vt/vi害怕；畏懼m害怕；擔心(常用作主動語態)
frighten vt．驚駭；吃驚(比fear程度深)
We ________ when we caught sight of the long snake.
A．afraid B．were feared C．frightened D．were frightened
be scared of(=be afraid of)害怕
be scared to do(=be afraid to do)不敢做
② scare away嚇跑
scare into／out of doing嚇得做／不做
You scared me by coming in so quietly．你這么悄悄地進來嚇了我一跳。
He scares easily．他容易受驚嚇。
I got the fright of my life．我嚇得要命。
Do you fear death? 你怕死嗎?
She fears to speak in our presence．有我們在她不敢講話。
3. struggle vi．斗爭，搏斗(同fight)；努力，掙扎，奮斗 n.競爭；努力；奮斗
fight vi搏斗；斗爭；爭吵(同argue)
struggle／fight for／against／with為……而斗爭／反對……／與……而斗爭
Great Britain fought against Germany in two wars．英國曾在兩次大戰中與德國交戰。
Stop the children from fighting with each other．別讓那些孩子們互相打個不停。
They tried their best to struggle against difficulties．他們盡其所能同困難斗爭。
The revolutionaries struggle for the freedom of all people．
革命者為人民的自由而斗爭。
Struggle/fight with既可表示“與……搏斗(斗爭)”，又可表示“與……并肩作戰“
4．host n．＆v．
①n．[c]主人；東道主；節目主持人(女主人；空中小姐hostess)
a host nation東道國；主辦國
②vt。做東；主辦
a host of／hosts of許多 a host of／hosts of friends許許多多的朋友
He acted as host at the party．他充當宴會的主人。
He's willing to host the visitors．他愿意做東招待來賓。
解題警示：host指做東道主，主辦；hold單純表示舉行，舉辦
Don't worry．I'll help to _______ the guests．
A．hold B．host C．wait D．accept
本題考查動詞詞義；host the guests‘做東招待客人”；此處選擇動詞host最符合句意。
Step 2 重點短語
5．與fire有關的搭配
light(start)a fire點火
make a fire生火
(1)sb． put out the fire滅火
set fire to sth．放火燒
set sth．on fire使……著火
catch fire(強調動作)著火
(2)sth.
on fire(強調狀態)火燒著
be out(燈、火等)熄滅，強調狀態(wi．)
(3) put out強調“撲滅”，主語是人，強調動作
go out(燈、火等)熄滅，強調動作(vi．)
The criminal ________ fire to a store and after a moment the whole store________ fire．
A．made a：lit a B．set a：caught C．set；was on D．caught；was on
題意：犯罪分子向一家商店放火，不一會兒整個商店燒著了。
解題警示: 掌握與fire有關的搭配，分清句子的主語是“人’還是“物”。
6．go through的用法
go through通過，穿過，經歷或遭受(困難等)；(法律等)被通過(與pass through同 義)；仔細檢查；瀏覽，翻閱(與look through同義)；(把錢等)用光，耗盡
go through with完成，把……進行到底
They went through our luggage at the customs．在海關，他們檢查了我們的行李。
Surely they will go through with the plan．他們肯定會把計劃執行到底。
She went through untold hardships in her childhood．
她童年時期經歷了說不完的艱難困苦。
Can the table go through the door?那張桌子能過得了那扇門嗎?
不要與get through[撥通(電話)；使(考試，法律等)通過；(使)成功]混淆。
Eastern Areas have________ too many wars in the past fifty years．
A．gone through B．got through C．1ooked through D．passed through
go through在這里作“經歷(苦難、戰爭)”講。
7．與look相關的短語
look into向……里面看；調查．了解
look up向上看．查尋
look down俯視
look about／around／round環顧四周
look forward to．．．盼望
look out當心．注意
look through瀏覽；仔細查看
eg.She _________ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right．
A．look up B．looked for C．picked out D．picked up
PA:A look up查找；look for尋找；pick out選出，認出；pick up拾起來。
Step 4經典句型
“情態動詞＋have＋過去分詞”常見句型及用法
句型1：should (ought to) have＋過去分詞
表示過去應該做而（實際）沒有做的事情。含有責備或遺憾的語氣，意為“本應該……”。其否定形式為“should not／ought not to have ＋ 過去分詞”。如：
We ＿＿＿＿ last night，but we went to the concert instead．(MET’92)牘
A． must have studied B． might study C． should have studied D． would study
簡析：本題中的一個關鍵詞but暗示了“我們不應去聽音樂會，而應學習”。故本題選C。
句型2：needn’t have＋過去分詞
表示過去沒有必要做某事, 但實際上做了某事。如：
There was plenty of time． She ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET’87)牘
A． mustn’t have hurried B． couldn’t have hurried C． must not hurry鶧． needn’t have hurried
簡析：本題的前一句暗示了一個條件，后一句則是由這個條件得出的結論。故本題選D。
句型3：must have＋過去分詞
意為“過去一定做過某事”，表示一種很有把握的推測。注意，對過去發生情況的否定推測常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋過去分詞。如：
I didn’t hear the phone． I ＿＿＿＿＿＿asleep．(MET’89)牘
A． must be B． must have been鶦． should be鶧． should have been
簡析：本題應選B。本題的前一句說明一個結果，后一句則表示一個原因。
I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning．She ＿＿＿ at the meeting．(上�！�91)
A． mustn’t have spoken B． shouldn’t have spoken
C． needn’t have spoken鶧． couldn’t have spoken
簡析：從題意上分析，本題的前一句陳述一個理由，后一句則是由前一句得出的結論。故本題選D。
句型4：may／might have＋過去分詞
表示對過去情況的一種不太有把握的（可能性）推測，意為“或許／可能做過某事”。另外，用于虛擬語氣時，通常用might。如：
He ＿＿＿you more help even though he was very busy． (MET’90)牘
A． might have given B． might give鶦． may have given D． may give
簡析：本題應選A。全句意為“即使再忙，他也可能再多給你一些幫助的”。
句型5：could have＋過去分詞
表示“（過去）本來可以（能夠）做某事，但實際上沒有做到”。如：
-I stayed at a hotel while in New York．
-Oh, did you﹖ You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara．(NMET’98)牘
A． could have stayed鶥． could stay鶦． would stay D． must have stayed
(Key: A)
Step 5 詞語辨析
9．seize／catch／hold
seize vt。 (突然)抓�。粨屪�；(用于引申意義)抓住(機會等)，理解；奪取、攻占(=take up)
catch vt。意為“抓住”時，不強調突然性；另外，它不用于引申意義中的“抓住”，但可意為“趕上(火車，汽車等)”。
hold vt.表示“抓住”時，指延續性動作。
Eg. Successful people are always good at_________ the chance which ordinary people don't value．
A．catching B．holding C．keeping D．seizing
題意：成功的人們總是擅長抓住普通人不知道珍惜的良機。
【變式題1】The policeman caught the thief ___by____ the arm．
Pa. get/ be caught in 遭遇到； 在……中受阻；catch sb doing sth.發現某人在做某事
Catch / take /get hold of =seize 抓住
(1)beat sb．毆打某人
Beat (2)beat sb.(=defeat sb．)在比賽或戰爭中擊敗某人
(3)beat(=move regularly)規律性地拍擊，如心跳，擊鼓，鳥拍打翅膀
(1)(=strike)hit sb．
hit
(2)(come against with force)碰撞
(1)(=hit)strike sb．
strike (2)strike a match(light)
(3)The clock struck 12. (鐘敲了12點)
(4)It struck me that．．．(突然想起)
(1)撞擊
knock
(2)敲門(窗)
注意:beat／hit／strike／knock作“敲、打”時的區別：beat側重“連續地拍擊”，strike側重 “一次或多次有力地重擊”，knock側重“敲(門／窗)、撞擊”，hit側重“擊中”目標。，
11．drag /pull／draw
drag拖拉(笨重，阻力很大的)東西；緩慢而吃力地行進；慢吞j薦地進行。
pull拉。拔(為普通用語)；pull up把……往上拉，(車輛等)停下。
draw比pull正式，但不如drag吃力，常用于比喻中，指吸引注意力等（draw one’s attention）。
The horse was dragging a heavy load．馬正拉著重載。
He dragged behind others．他跟在別人身后無力地走著。
Draw your chair up to the table．把你的椅子拉到桌子旁。
Let's go over and help them pull the cart．咱們去幫他們拉車吧。
The loud noise drew our attention．那聲巨響吸引了我們的注意力。
解題警示: 上述動詞的反義詞是push(推)；除了draw以外，attract也可指吸引注意力。
Step 6 語法要點
12．定語從句(the Attributive Clause)
定語從句與易混句型練與析
定語從句是歷年高考試題中的考查熱點之一，雖然其難度并不大，但許多考生對這一語法內容掌握得并不好，失分較多。做這一類題的關鍵是要能正確地分析出其結構來，即首先認出它是否為定語從句，然后再確定使用哪個連接詞。定語從句易與其他句型混淆，需要仔細區分�，F在我們來看看下列句型結構，請大家選擇恰當的詞填空（有的小題正確答案不只一個）。Ⅰ．A．whom B．them鶦．they鶧．who
1．Mr Smith has three sons，none of ＿＿＿＿ is a computer expert．
2．He has three sisters，＿＿＿＿＿ are doctors．
3．She has three CDs，but none of＿＿＿＿＿ is interesting．
4．I have many friends，and all of＿＿＿＿＿ are nice and friendly．
5．Miss Yang has some relatives here；＿＿＿＿ like her very much．
Ⅱ．A．where鶥．which鶦．in which鶧．that
1．Rice grows well ＿＿＿ there is enough water．
2．I know the university ＿＿＿＿ my parents worked ten years ago．
3．After the war，a new school building was put up ＿＿＿ there had once been a theatre．
4．The hospital ＿＿＿＿ Mr Li was operated on in has taken on a new look．
Ⅲ．A．that鶥．when鶦．where鶧．who
1．It is on a summer afternoon ＿＿＿＿ he met Liang Wei from Shanghai．
2．Is it on the farm ＿＿＿＿ Mr Wang lives？
3．It is the farm ＿＿＿＿ Mr Wang lives．
4．Is it Lang Weiwei ＿＿＿＿ is speaking to a foreigner？
Ⅳ．A．that鶥．as鶦．who鶧．which
1．Nobody in our school has the same camera ＿＿＿＿ you have．
2．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿does well in French．
3．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿ all of us like to make friends with her．
Ⅴ．A．that鶥．which
1．The news ＿＿＿＿ he told me sounds reasonable．
2．The news ＿＿＿＿ China has joined the WTO excites all the Chinese．
Ⅵ．A．that鶥．when鶦．which
1．It is the first time ＿＿＿＿ I have been here．
2．It was the time ＿＿＿＿ we had a hard life．
［答案與簡析］Ⅰ．本組題考查定語從句與并列句的區別。第1和2小題是定語從句，正確答案分別是A和D；第3和4小題有并列連詞but和and，為并列句，每句只能有一個連接詞，故正確答案均為B；第5小題中的前后兩部分用分號連接，是兩個并列分句，無需連接詞，故C項正確。
Ⅱ．本組題考查定語從句與地點狀語從句的區別。第1和3小題均無先行詞，是表示地點的狀語從句，只能用where引導，故答案均為A；第2小題是定語從句，A和C兩項均正確；第4小題是定語從句，由于有介詞in，故B、D兩項均正確。
Ⅲ．本組題考查定語從句與強調句的區別。強調句的結構為：It is／was＋被強調部分＋that＋從句。被強調部分可以是除謂語以外的任何部分，而且強調人時，還可用who代替that。注意這一句型中不能因為被強調部分是時間或地點，就想當然地用when或where代替that。第1和2小題是強調句，故A項正確。可用此技巧解題：先把強調句中的It is／was．．．that去掉，再把被強調部分調到句末，在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下，如句子成立則為強調句，否則為定語從句�？蓪⒌�1和2小題分別改為：He met Liang Wei from Shanghai on a summer afternoon．Mr Wang lives on the farm．顯然，兩句均正確，故為強調句。第3小題是定語從句，用上述技巧可知缺介詞on，故C項正確；第4小題也是強調句，強調人，故A、D兩項均正確。
Ⅳ．本組題考查結果狀語從句與定語從句的區別。第1小題是as引導的定語從句，即the same．．．as結構，as在從句中作賓語，第2小題也是as引導的定語從句，即such．．．as結構，as在從句中作主語，故答案均為B。第3小題是such．．．that結果狀語從句，關鍵區別在于that在狀語從句中不作任何成分，故正確答案為A。
Ⅴ．本組題考查同位語從句與定語從句的區別。that引導同位語從句時在從句中不作任何成分，只是用來解釋或說明先行詞的內容，而定語從句中的that在從句中作主語或賓語。第1小題是定語從句，因為tell缺直接賓語，故A和B項均正確；第2小題從句中不缺主、賓語，是同位語從句，故A項正確。
Ⅵ．本組題考查固定結構與定語從句的區別。第1小題是“It（This）is／was．．．time that＋從句”結構，意為“這是某人第幾次干某事”，故A項正確；第2小題為時間作先行詞的定語從句，故B項正確.
一Guess what! l came across an old friend at the party last night．
-_______I’m sure you had a wonderful time．
A．Sounds good! B。Very well． C．How nice! D．All right．
本題考查交際用語。根據語境拳處應是表非常欣慰、高興的話語。Sounds good表“欣然接受別人的建議”；Very well用于回答別人的咨詢、問候，如身體狀況、工作進展情況等；All right表接受別人的建議，意思“行，好吧”。How nice意思是“真是太好了”。
Step 7 交際用語
13．(1)描述人物的感情
(Describing emotions)：
Help! Don't worry． Well done!
I’m afraid to Don't be afraid． You can do it．
I'm afraid． I，ll be 0K／all right． Cone on!
It scares me! It’s all right! That's better．／Keep trying
Eg.一Guess what! l came across an old friend at the party last night．
-_______I’m sure you had a wonderful time．
A．Sounds good! B。Very well． C．How nice! D．All right．
本題考查交際用語。根據語境拳處應是表非常欣慰、高興的話語。Sounds good表“欣然接受別人的建議”；Very well用于回答別人的咨詢、問候，如身體狀況、工作進展情況等；All right表接受別人的建議，意思“行，好吧”。How nice意思是“真是太好了”。
(2)按次序描述時間發生的過程(Describing sequences)：
First,we went to Leshan．
Next,we climbed Mount Emei．
Then，we played with some monkeys．
Finally，towards evening we were on the way back to Chengdu．
Step 8 語言點練習
1.The thief went into the room, _________ and found nobody.
A．looked around B．looking around C．looked at D．looking about
2.He is a man of ________ ideas and he often makes a careful plan ________.
A．advanced;before advance B．advancing；in advance
C．advanced：in advance D．advancing；in advance of
3.Seeing the______ flood，she was_______ to take the boat．
A．scaring；scaring B．scared；scared C．scaring；scared D．scared；scaring
4.The goal ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him．
A．with which B．against which C．for which D．for that
5.The fire hasn't been _______．It______ during the night only because the candle wasn't _________.
A．put out；broke out：gone out C．put out；happened：put out
B．put off；broke out：put out D．put out；happened：gone out
6.John________ the examination，which made his parents happy．
A．got through B．carried on C．stuck to D．kept on
7.Jenny ________with him at that time，for I was having-dinner with her in my home．
A．can't have been B．must be C．mustn't have been D．may be
8.You must run quickly，0r you won't________ the first train．
A．seize B．catch C．seize hold of D．hold
9.In 1998，great floods________ the southern provinces of China．
A．struck B．happened C．beat D．took place in
10.She was knocked down by a car and her shouts_______ the attention of the police．
A．pulled B．dragged C．drew D．seized
11.They talked about everything and everybody______ they remembered.
A. which B. that C. what D．all
12.-I’m too busy to go to the cinema with you, John.
-_______The film is said to be a very good one．
A．That's all right． B．I'm so sorry． C．What a shame! D．It doesn't matter
13.Moscow and Los Angeles have _______ the Olympic Games.
A. held B. hosted C. taken place D. happened
13．一Guess what! l came across an old friend at the party last night．
-_______I’m sure you had a wonderful time．
A．Sounds good! B。Very well． C．How nice! D．All right．
14．Successful people are always good at_____the chance which ordinary people don't value．
A．catching B．holding C．keeping D．seizing
15．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning．She ＿＿at the meeting．
A． mustn’t have spoken B． shouldn’t have spoken
C． needn’t have spoken D． couldn’t have spoken
16．She _________ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right．
A．look up B．looked for C．picked out D．picked up
17．Eastern Areas have________ too many wars in the past fifty years．
A．gone through B．got through C．1ooked through D．passed through
18．The criminal ________fire to a store and after a moment the whole store________ fire．
A．made a：lit a B．set a：caught C．set；was on D．caught；was on
19．Don't worry．I'll help to _______ the guests．
A．hold B．host C．wait D．accept
定語從句專練：選擇最佳答案：
1．____ have plenty of money will help their friend.
A.Those who鶥.He who鶦.That who鶧.You who
2.This is the longest train _____ I have ever seen.
A.which鶥.that C.what鶧.whom
3.____ we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
A.Which鶥.That鶦.As鶧.Who
4.I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the farm ____ you visited last week.
鶤.when,where鶥.which,which C.when , which鶧.which , where
5.The radio set ___ last week has gone wrong.
鶤.I bought it B.which I bought it C.I bought D.what I bought
6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned fot at least a year.
A.these B.them鶦.that鶧.which
7.The day will come _____ the people all over the world will win liberation.
鶤.that B.where C.which D.when
8.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ____ in China.
鶤.works鶥.is working鶦.are working鶧.has been working
9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons ____ they remembered in the school.
A.which鶥.that鶦.who鶧.whom
10.My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A.which鶥.with which鶦.without which鶧.that
11.He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A.who B.from him C.from whom鶧.whom
12.A harvester is a machine ____ we harvest crops or a person ____ is harvesting.
A.which , who鶥.that , that C.with which , who鶧./, that
13.I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.
A.as鶥.that鶦.which D.what
14.In the police station I saw the man from ___ room the thief had stolen the TV set.
A.whom B.which C.that鶧.whose
15.Chapin, _____ money was now no problem , start a new film company with his friends.
A.whose B.which C.for whom鶧.who
16.Please put鷗he鷏etter _____ he can easily find it.
A.in which B.where C.the place where D.in the place
17.The house ______ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.
A.which B.that鶦.in the front of which鶧.in front of which
18.Antarctic ,____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A.which鶥.where C.that鶧.about which
19.The reason ____ I was away from school is ____ I was ill yesterday.
A.that , that B.why , why C.why, that鶧.that , why
20.It was a meeting ______ importance I didn’t realize at that time.
A.which鶥.of which鶦.that鶧.whose
21.She was ____ I met at the party , ___ you knew.
A.who , whom B.whom , who鶦.the one , as D.the one , whose
22.They have decided to stay at home, ____ , I think , ___ a wise choice.
A.which , are B.which , is C.that , are D.that , is
23.All the apples ___ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A.those鶥.that鶦.which鶧.what
24.Did you see the man ____ ?
A.I nodded just now鶥.whom I nodded just now
C.whom I nodded to him鶧.whom I nodded to just now
25.I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you.
A.who is鶥.who am C.that is D.what is
26.---How do you like the book? ---It’s quite different from ____ I read last month.
A.that B.which鶦.the one what D.the one
27.Is oxgen the only gas ____ helps fire burn?
A.that鶥./鶦.which鶧.it
28. I’ll tell you ___ he told me last week.
A.all which鶥.all what鶦.that all D.all
29.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.to whom B.who C.from whom鶧.that (NMET’92)
30.Willma became the first Americna woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _____ made her mother very happy.
鶤.it B.that C.which鶧.this (上海’91)
31.She heard a terible noise , ____brought her heart into her mouth.
鶤.it鶥.which鶦.this鶧.that (NMET’ 91)
32.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
A.of whom B.whom C.of whose鶧.whose (NMET’ 89)
33.The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A.what B.which C.that鶧.it (NMET’ 92)
34.After living in Paris for fifty years he retuened to the small town ___ he grew up as a child.
A.which B.where C.that D.when(NMET’ 96)
35.I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____were very kind to me.
A.that, which B.when , which鶦.which , that鶧.when , who (上�！� 94)
36.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A.it鶥.that鶦.which鶧.he (NMET’ 91)
37.Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?
A. at where B. which鶦. in which D. at which(88)
38.She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
鶤. whom B. where鶦. which鶧. while(1995)
39.Carol said the work would be done by October, ______personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that鶦. when D. which (99)
40.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which鶦. this鶧. what (2000)
41.Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is world-famous?
鶤. its B. it’s鶦. whose鶧. which(2001上海春季)
42.He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years.
鶤. is鶥. are C. have been D. has been(2002上海春季)
43.Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
鶤. he explained鶥. what he explained
鶦. how he explained鶧. why he explained(2002上海春季)
44.The famous basketball star, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
鶤. where鶥. when C. which D. who(2002春季)
45.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure.A. that鶥. one C. it鶧. what(2002秋季)
46.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go. A. what鶥. which C. where D. when(2002北京)
Keys:1-5 ABCCC 6-10 DDCBC 11-15 CCADC 16-20 BCDCD 21-25 CBBDB 26-30 DADAC
31-35 BDBBD 36-40 CCDDB 41-45 CDADB 46 C