1．consist vi. 由……組成；由……構(gòu)成
常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：consist of"由… ，組成；由……構(gòu)成”。
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
聯(lián)合王國(guó)是由大不列顛和北愛爾蘭組成的。
This club consists O{more than 200 members．
這個(gè)俱樂部由200位以上的會(huì)員所組成。
Her diet consisted mainly of bread and vegetables．
她的日常食物主要由面包和蔬菜構(gòu)成。
比較：consist in“在于；存在于”
The beauty Of this picture consists in its balance of colors．
這幅畫的美在于其色彩的協(xié)調(diào)。
2．a(chǎn)dvantage n．有利條件；優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長(zhǎng)處；優(yōu)勢(shì)
It is an advantage if you know how to type． 如果你會(huì)打字，對(duì)你將有利。
There’re several advantage in city life．都市生活有幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
She’s got the job because she had the advantages over others of knowing many languages. 因?yàn)樗?別人所無的)懂多種語(yǔ)言的長(zhǎng)處，所以獲得這項(xiàng)工作。
In the first half, we had the advantage over the opposing team.
前半場(chǎng)．我們比對(duì)手占有優(yōu)勢(shì)。
take advantage of利用
We took advantage of the fine weather to go on a hike.
我們利用晴朗的天氣去遠(yuǎn)足．
I hope that this library is fully taken advantage of．
我希望這座圖書館能被允分利用．
He takes advantage of her kindness and borrows money too often．
他利用她人好心軟．三番五次向她借錢。
3. make the most of充分利用；充分展示
We should make the most of our opportunities.我們應(yīng)該充分利用我們的機(jī)會(huì)，
You should try 10 make the most of your time.你應(yīng)盡量利用你的時(shí)間．
注：亦可寫成make the best of
4. influence n. 影響；作用；勢(shì)力
have (an) influence on / upon / over “對(duì)…有影響”
The book had a great influence on his life.這本書對(duì)他的人生影響很大。
A teacher has great influence over his pupils．老師對(duì)他的學(xué)生很有影響力．
Environment is a great influence on character．環(huán)境對(duì)性格有很大的影響，
His new girlfriend has been a bad influence on him.他的新女友一直對(duì)他影響不好．
vt. 影響,對(duì)……有作用
The weather in summer influences the rice crops．
夏天的天氣影響稻谷的收成：
What influenced you to do it? 你受了什么影響去做那件事？
5. basis n．基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)；基本原則
His theory has a solid basis in fact．他的理論確實(shí)有堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)．
What is your basis of / for your idea? 你這個(gè)想法的根據(jù)是什么?
on a …basis 或on the basis of “以……為基礎(chǔ)”
They reached the agreement on an equal basis.
他們?cè)谄降鹊幕A(chǔ)上達(dá)成了這頂協(xié)議。
All customers will be attended on a first-come-served basis.
所有顧客將按先來先辦的原則接受服務(wù)．
On the basis of those facts，we can reach the following conclusion.
根據(jù)那些事實(shí)，我們可得出以下結(jié)論．
6．run over
(車輛)從……上駛過；碾壓
The train ran over the man as he waa crossing the 1ine.
那人在過鐵路時(shí)被火車軋死了。
The car ran over a dog. 那輛汽車從一只狗身±軋了過去．
匆匆看過一遍；復(fù)習(xí)
Run over this letter for me, please．請(qǐng)幫我看看這封信。
The speaker ran over his notes before the lecture．
演講人在開講前匆匆看了一遍講演稿．
溢出
The cup was full and the water in it was running over.那杯子已滿．水正溢出．
The teapot began to run over.那個(gè)茶壺的水開始溢出來．
7．strength n. 力量；力氣；體力
He is a man of great strength. 他是個(gè)力氣很大的人。
He got his strength back slowly after his illness．他病后慢慢恢復(fù)了體力．
She doesn’t have enough strength to walk up stairs. 她沒有足夠的力氣走上樓梯．
It will be some time before I recover my full strength．
一段時(shí)間后我才能完全恢復(fù)體力。
Her strength of will is extraordinary．她的意志力特別堅(jiān)強(qiáng)．
8. belief n.相信；信任；信念；看法
It is my belief that he will win. 我相信他會(huì)勝出．
It was once a common belie that the earth was flat．從前一般人相信地球是平的。
Her belief in God is very firm．她對(duì)上帝的信仰很堅(jiān)定，
He has great belief in the lawyer．他非常信任那位律師．
beyond belief “難以置信，不可信”
The rumour is beyond belief．此謠言不可信．
She was intelligent beyond belief.．她的聰明令人難以置信。
9. approach l向……靠近；接近
We approached the birds quietly and watched them．我們悄悄上前觀察那些小鳥。
The old man is approaching ninety. 那位老人年近九十．
My work is approaching completion．我的工作接近完成．
The time for graduation is approaching．畢業(yè)的日子近了。
vt. 與……接洽，著手處理（問題等)
Did he approach you about borrowing money? 他有設(shè)有跟你接洽借款的事？
We should approach this problem with great care.我們應(yīng)該非常慎重地處理這個(gè)問髓．
n. 接近；入門，途徑；方法
With the approach of winter the weather came coder.
隨著冬天的接近．天氣變得更冷了。
All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police．
所有通往機(jī)場(chǎng)的路都被警察封鎖了．
This book provides a good approach to the 1earning of foreign languages．
這本書提供了一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的好方法。
10。as it is事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上；實(shí)際情況是；按原來的樣子；照現(xiàn)在的樣子
I thought conditions would get better，but as it is they are getting worse．
我以為情況會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)，但事實(shí)上反而更糟了。
If he were not ill，he would go to see the play。As it is，he has to stay at home．
如果他不生病的話，他是要去看戲的。實(shí)際上，他只好呆在家里了。
I like the house better as it is . 我更喜歡這所房子現(xiàn)在的這個(gè)樣子。
They agreed to buy the house as it is．他們同意照房子原樣把它買下來。
11．hold together使結(jié)合在一起；使團(tuán)結(jié)
Their mutual interest held them together。他們的共同利益使他們團(tuán)結(jié)。
Hold your things together．把你的東西收拾在一起。
The sheets are held together by paper clips．那些紙用紙夾夾在一起了。
12.make up
①構(gòu)成；組成；湊足；常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式：be made up of “由 ……組成”。
We need one more player to make up a team．
我們?cè)傩枰幻?duì)員就能湊足一個(gè)球隊(duì)。
The committee is made up of seven members． 這個(gè)委員會(huì)由七個(gè)成員組成。
②編造；捏造；虛構(gòu)
She made up stories to amuse her little brother． 她編故事哄她弟弟開心。
Is she telling the truth，or making it a11 up? 她說的是真話還是全屬虛構(gòu)?
She is very good at making up excuses．她很會(huì)找借口。
③彌補(bǔ)，把……補(bǔ)上
I must make up the loss somehow．我必須設(shè)法彌補(bǔ)損失。
John must make up the work he missed． 約翰必須把錯(cuò)過的工作補(bǔ)上。
④和解；和好
They quarrelled but soon made up．他們吵了一架，但很快就言歸于好。
You don't really hate each other，so why don't you make up?
你們又不是真的恨對(duì)方，所以還是和好吧。
⑤化裝；打扮
She took over 30 minutes to make up。 她化裝花了30多分鐘。
13．bear vt. 結(jié)(果實(shí))；生育
Can older woman bear healthy babies? 較老的婦女能生下健康的嬰兒?jiǎn)?
She has borne a son．她生了個(gè)兒子。
This tree bears no fruit．這棵樹不結(jié)果。
vt．負(fù)擔(dān)；支撐
The ice on the lake will not bear your weight． 這湖上的冰無法承受你的體重。
Who will bear the expense? 誰(shuí)要負(fù)擔(dān)這費(fèi)用呢?
vt. 忍耐；忍受；通常與can ／could連用，用于疑問句或否定句中。
I can't bear the pain any more．我痛得再也忍不住了。
I couldn't bear the thought of being parted with her.想到要與她分手我就受不了，
此時(shí)bear后常接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
I cannot hear being ignored／to be ignored． 我受不了被人忽視。
I can't bear living／to live a lone．一個(gè)人獨(dú)居我受不了。 vt．耐得住；經(jīng)得起；常用物作主語(yǔ)，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
That story doesn't bear repeating．那個(gè)故事不值得重述。
Will the suit bear washing? 這套西裝耐洗嗎?