Unit 11 The Sound of The World
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. Practice. vi/vt 實踐；練習 practise doing sth 練習做某事
practice n. 練習;實踐 eg. Practice makes perfect.（熟能生巧）put …into practice 付諸實踐；
practical a. 實際的;實用的
practiced a. 熟練的;精通的
2. What do you have in mind？你心里在想什么？
have sth．／sb，in mind意為心中想著（某人／某事）’含 mind的短語有：chang one’s mind“改變主意”；be in one’s mind有……的想法、想念”；have／there is sth on one’s mind有……心事”；keep in mind記住：make up one’s mind“打定主意．read one’s mind“看出……的心事,知道……在想什么”；。out of sight,out of mind “眼不見為凈”等.
mind還可作動詞，意為“當心，介意，注意，照看”等 例如：
Mind your own business少管閑事
Mind your manners．Peter！彼得，注意禮貌！
3.辨析：other，another，others，the other，the others
（1）other意為“其他的”，數(shù)量不確定。常與some相對。如：
①When winter comes，some birds fly to the south；other birds stay．
冬天到來時，有些鳥兒飛去南方，其他的留下來。
②I’m busy now，please ask me about it some other time．
我現(xiàn)在正忙，請另找個時間問我此事的情況。
注意：other 修飾復數(shù)名詞，可以換成others，如①中的other birds可以換成others
（2）the other用于修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或修飾復數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示確定的數(shù)量。如：
③The other students in the class keep their eyes closed．班上其余的學生閉著眼睛。
④Show me the other hand．把另一只手拿給我看看。
注意：the other修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,可單獨使用，修飾復數(shù)名詞，可以換成the others，但other本身不能單獨使用
（3）another等于one other，表示不確定的另外一個，可以單獨用，也可修飾名詞，并且只能修飾可數(shù)名詞。如：
③I don’t like this one，please show me another．我不喜歡這個，請給我拿另一個看看。
another也可修飾復數(shù)名詞，意為“另外的”。如：
⑥There’s room for another few people in the back of the bus.這輛公共汽車的后邊還能坐下幾個人。
4. spread v. 傳播;散布;使伸展 [注意]過去式,過去分詞和原形相同
If I tell you the secret, don’ t spread it around. 如果我告訴你這個秘密，請不要傳播。
The fire soon spread through the whole of the town. 火很快蔓延到整個城市。
I spread my arms as far apart as I could. 我盡可能地將雙臂伸展開
Spread out 伸展身體，攤開，散開
There’s more room to spread out in first class. 在頭等艙寬敞些，伸得開腿。
Do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa? 你就非得躺下，把整個沙發(fā)占了才行嗎？
The searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人員分散開來，好更快搜索這一地區(qū)。
Papers had been spread out on the desk. 各種報紙攤在桌上。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
5. universal a.全體的;普遍的;;眾所周知的;宇宙的;全世界的;萬能的,通用的;多才多藝的;博聞廣見的
The government introduced universal secondary education years ago. 幾年前,政府就倡導普及中等教育。
Football is a universal game. 足球是一項全球性的運動。
It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. 玩具在世界各地發(fā)展的一致性和它們持續(xù)到今天是令人驚奇的。
６. pick(v.)的用法
(1)摘、撿、拾
e.g. He picked her a rose. 他為她摘了朵玫瑰花。
The little birds were picking the grain. 小鳥在啄食糧食。
(2)挑選
Please pick a good book for me. 請為我選本好書。
(3)pick out選好、選出、認出、看清楚
Pick out those books that you’d like to read. 把你喜歡看的書選出來。
We could pick out different places in the city from the plane.我們能從飛機上把城里的各個地方認出來。
(4)pick up拾起，拿起(非正規(guī)地)學會，學到，取(某物)，接(某人)上車；聽到，收聽，用便宜的價錢買到
Please pick up all the pieces of paper. 請把所有的紙片都撿起來。
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris. 他在巴黎逗留期間學會了法語。
The bus stopped and picked up three people. 公共汽車停住，上來了三個人。
My radio can pick up VOA very clearly. 我的收音機聽美國之音很清楚。
6. desire vt. (不用于進行時) 渴望，期望，想望 （desire to do ）
We all desire health and happiness. 我們都渴望健康和幸福。
Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country. 想住在這個國家北部的人就更少了。
Desire 引導從句：表示 “建議、請求、命令、要求” 等主觀意向的詞(如：suggest、advise、 assume、 decide、 demand、 desire、 insist、 propose、 order、 recommend、 require、 suggest...)，引導賓語從句時需用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣中的格式很固定：謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。注意這種句型中的虛擬語氣形式不受主句動詞時態(tài)的影響。
n. 欲望，渴望（for sth, to do ）
７. entertain vt.1. 使歡樂,使娛樂 2. 招待,款待(+with/at/to) vi. 款待,請客
We were all entertained by his humorous stories. 他的幽默故事使我們大家都很開心。
They often entertained their friends at weekends. 他們常在周末招待朋友。
8. 絕大多數(shù)帶賓語的及物動詞都可以從主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。但在下列情況下則不能轉換。
(1)受動詞的限制
表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞。這類動詞有：hold(容納)，own(擁有)，owe(歸屬)，suit(適合)，contain(包括)，cost(花費)，lack(缺少)，love(愛)，hate(恨)，have(有)，last(持續(xù))等。不能轉換成被動語態(tài)。
e.g. We have a new house. 我們有座新房子。
The great hall holds 2 000 people. 這個大廳能容納2 000人。
The paper will last me a whole term. 這紙夠我一學期用。
have表示“吃(飯)”“患(病)”“明白”“知道”等意思時，沒有被動語態(tài)。
e.g. She had no English. 她不懂英語。
Have you had your lunch?
你吃過午飯了嗎？
謂語部分有表示主語“能力”的can，或有表示主語“意愿”的will，would，would rather，dare等時，不能轉換成被動結構。
e.g. I can speak English. 我會說英語。
John will marry Rose. 約翰將與羅絲結婚。
be，become，turn，get，go，fall，look，sound等系動詞后面的各詞是表語，也不能轉換成被動語態(tài)。
e.g. His dream has become a reality. 他的夢想已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)。
He has turned scientist. 他已成為科學家。
一些由及物動詞與各詞構成的不可分割的短語動詞，也不能變成被動語態(tài)。
e.g. Great changes have taken place since liberation.
解放以來發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
We should not lose heart，but make another try.
我們不應灰心，而應再試一次。
He often makes faces in class.
他常在課堂上扮鬼臉。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
(2)受賓語的限制
含有下列情況的賓語時，主動語態(tài)不能轉換成被動語態(tài)。
表示地點、處所的名詞作賓語時，常見的動詞有：leave，enter，reach，join等。
e.g. He reached Beijing at 6 o’clock. 他在六點鐘到達北京。
He entered the office. 他走進了辦公室。
Her brother joined the army two years ago. 她哥哥兩年前參的軍。
She swam across the river. 她游過了河。
同源名詞作賓語，常見的動詞有die，sleep，smile，laugh，fight，live等。
e.g. We are living a happy life. 我們過著愉快的生活。
I dreamed a wonderful dream. 我做了一個美夢。
有些抽象名詞作賓語。
e.g. He lost interest in English. 他對英語失去了興趣。
反身代詞、相互代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞作賓語時。
e.g. She killed herself in 1998. 她1998年自殺的。
We should help each other. 我們應該互相幫助。
I want to watch TV every day. 我想每天看電視。
John enjoys singing. 約翰喜歡唱歌。
賓語前帶有指代主語的物主代詞。
e.g. The doctor shook his head. 大夫搖了搖頭。
賓語常是表示“度量”的名詞。
e.g. We walked two miles. 我們走了兩英里。
cost，wish，promise等帶雙賓語時。
e.g. It costs me much time. 它花了我很多時間。
He promised us to come. 他答應我們要來。
love，like，want，wish，get，cause等帶復合賓語時。
e.g. Do you really wish him to go? 你真的希望他去？
He has to get someone to help him. 他必須讓某個人來幫助他。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
五、高考真題
1.(2001 上海)The new suspension bridge(吊橋)___________by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed
簡析：選B。本題由時間狀語by the end of last month可以確定用過去完成時，再由design動作的承受者suspension bridge作主語可以確定用被動語態(tài)。
2.(NMET 2000)I’ve worked with children before, so I know what____ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
簡析：選B。know learn, decide等后邊常跟“wh-+to do”的結構，相當于wh-詞引出的賓語從句。此處不強調進行，排除C。B項相當于“so I know I should expect what in my new job.”,expect的主語應該是“人(工)”。若用A、D兩項的動詞作what從句的謂語動詞，它的主語則不是“人”而是“物(what)”。因此句型結構錯誤。
3.(2001 春)If this dictionary is not yours, ___________can it be?
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
簡析：選D。“……它還可能是別的什么人的呢？”此處是說字典的擁有者，與“人”有關，排除A、C兩項。主語“it”指字典，表語不可能是“人”，排除B，而是“某人的”，故D正確。注意：屬格的符號“‘”，要加在else上。
4.(2001 春)Hundreds of jobs ___________if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
簡析：選B。從句意看是對將來的假設，if條件從句中是(用一般現(xiàn)在時“closes”代替)一般將來時，主句“結果”也應是將來的時態(tài)，排除A、C兩項。job和lose應為被動關系，排除D項。
Unit 12. Art and Literature
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. Make 的用法
(一)make+賓語+賓補
make一詞可搭配的賓語補足語有以下幾種情況：
(1)make+adj.+n./adj.
We have made him our monitor. 我們推選他為班長。
The news of her death made us sad. 她死亡的消息使我們悲傷。
當賓語是不定式短語或從句時，多用it作形式賓語。
I made it a condition that everybody must be present. 我提出條件，人人都要出席。
That made it impossible for us to go on. 這使我們沒法進行下去。
(2)make+adj.+do sth.
They made me retell the story. 他們要我重講一遍這個故事。
注意：在被動結構中，不定式要帶“to”。
I was made to retell the story.
(3)make+adj.+v.-ed
The strange noise made the child frightened. 奇怪的聲音使孩子感到恐懼。
通常情況下，make后的賓語是反身代詞時，作賓語的動詞要用過去分詞，即：
make oneself+v.-ed(heard,known,understood)
He spoke so loud as to make himself heard. 他大聲地說以便能讓人聽清楚。
Will you please make yourself known to us in English? 你能用英語給我們作一下自我介紹嗎？
但有時，視句意也可用其他形式。
The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那個小孩站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。
2. power n. 能力，力量；政權；權利
Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量.
The leader has the power to make a decision. 領導有做決定的權利。
A new power station has been built. 這兒新建了一座發(fā)電站.
短語：take power/come into power上臺，開始執(zhí)政 out of/beyond one’s power能力所不及 power politics 強權政治
可數(shù)名詞，“強國，有影響的人或事” the Western Powers 西方列強
3．trick n. 可數(shù)名詞，“詭計，計謀” play a trick on sb 捉弄某人
He got the money from me by a trick.
vt. trick sb into doing sth “用計誘使某人做某事”
She tricked him into marrying her.
4．series n.“系列，連續(xù)”，單復數(shù)相同 a series of “一系列”
a series of school textbooks 一套教科書 television series 電視連續(xù)劇 in series 連續(xù)地，順序地
5. treat vt 1) 對待 treat ……as/like “把當作/像一樣對待”
e.g. They treated me as one of the family.
2) 治療 treat a disease/sb “治病/為某人治療”
e.g. The doctors were not able to treat this disease.
3) 款待，請客， 常用于 treat sb to (sth)這一結構，表示“以某物款待某人” be one’s treat 由（該）某人請客
We will treat you to dinner. 我們請你吃飯
6. in trouble 處于困境中，有麻煩
You’d better ask for leave, or you may be in trouble. 你最好還是去請假，否則你可能有麻煩.
與trouble 相關的常用搭配：
have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有麻煩 get into/out of trouble 陷入/擺脫困境
7. habit n.習慣，習性. 常可以構成以下短語：
be in/ form/develop/have a habit of doing sth 有（養(yǎng)成）做…….的習慣
get/fall into the habit of 染上……的習慣 out of habit 出于習慣
I only do it out of habit. 我只是出于習慣。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
8. shoulder n.肩膀 vt.肩負,承當
She shouldn’t shoulder all the blame for the mistake.
[習語] shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 give sb the cold shoulder 以冷淡態(tài)度對待某人
9. with a scar on his forehead 是with的復合賓語結構，賓語補足語除介詞短語外，還有形容詞,副詞,過去分詞,不定式,---ing等.
e.g. The boy was sleepy soundly, with a smile on his face.
他被綁著雙手帶進來. He was brought in, with his hands tied behind him.
With a lot of difficult problem to settle the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
10. as if“好像，仿佛”，引導表語從句或方式狀語從句，有時還可以接不定式.引導方式狀語從句時，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣.
e.g. He talked as if he had been to Beijing. 他說話好象去過北京。
It looks as if the suit was made by her mother. 看起來這件衣服是她的媽媽做的。
He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他張開口好象要說什么。
He acts as if(he was)a fool. 他做事像個傻子。
She left the room hurriedly as if(she was) angry. 她匆忙離開房間好像生氣的樣子。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 當鉛筆一部分在水里時，看起來象折了一樣。
11. if only 在文中表示“但愿，要是…..就好了”，是對前面所述情況的一種假設，句子多用虛擬語氣；
It’s a wonderful job. If only I could do it. 這工作棒極了，要是我能做就好了.
Look at the trouble I am in！If only I had followed your advice. 看看我現(xiàn)在的麻煩！我要是早聽你的建議就好了。
[知識拓展] 1).only if 表示“只有…..才”, 強調條件實現(xiàn)的依據(jù).
You will be able to speak English well only if you practice constantly.
2).as long as “只要”具有很強的時間延續(xù)性，從句的動詞常為延續(xù)性動詞.
You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.
12. 1.They were about to steal into the house while a few policemen came up.
簡析：將while改為when。表示“正準備做某事，突然……”時，連詞要用when。此時when相當于and at that time;and then,不可用while。因為while用作并列連詞時，表示轉折和對比之意。
2.His teacher loves him very much as if she is his mother.
答案：將is改為were。當as if引導的從句表示一種不真實的情況時，謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反時，要用過去式，be動詞不論第幾人稱，均用were。
3.Nothing which you do will make any difference.
答案：去掉which或將which改為that。先行詞是不定代詞時，關系代詞只能用that,不能用which,作賓語時，關系代詞可以省略。
4.He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.
答案：應將know改為knows。因為one前有the only修飾，one 指代名詞單數(shù)teacher,而不是復數(shù)名詞the teachers。
5.Tom made rapid progress at school, as pleased his parents a lot.
答案：將as改為which。as和which都能引導一個先行詞是整個主句內容的非限制性定語從句。as有詞義，可譯為“正如……”，which無詞義，只代表主句的意思，可譯為“這件事”“這一點”。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
五、高考真題
1.(NMET 2000)Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up _________I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since AC. until A D. before
簡析：答案為D。before用作連詞時，表示時間，意思是“在……之前”，但在實際應用中，要看語境，其譯法非常靈活。此句應譯為：“有人在半夜給我打了電話，可是我還未來得及接電話他就掛斷了。”
2. (NMET 2001)___________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
簡析：答案為B。as和which均可引導非限制性定語從句，代替整個主句，但as引出的從句可放在句首、句中或句末，而which引出的從句通常只能放在主句后面。
3. (2000上海)Recently I bought a Chinese vase, ___________was very reasonable.
A. which B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
簡析：答案為B。這是考查非限制性定語從句的用法，the price of which=whose price,是指代前面的Chinese vase的一種所有格的變形。
4. (NMET 2000)Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare-you must learn to______.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
簡析：答案為D。share意為“共同分享”，合乎語境。
5. (NMET 1999)Carol said the work would be done by October, ________personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
簡析：答案為D。本題考查定語從句中關系代詞的用法，也涉及到了人稱代詞(it)，指示代詞(that)和關系副詞(when)。此題為一包含非限制性定語從句的復合句，which引導定語從句，代替整個主句的內容。