Unit 6 Hong long have you been collecting shells
教學(xué)資料總匯
悠著逛整理
本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
1. 了解并掌握現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成和用法；
2. 了解現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時以及一般過去時的意義和用法的區(qū)別。
3. 一些詞的用法。
二、學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：
1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時（Present Perfect Progressing Tense）由have/has＋been＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（即動詞的ing形式）構(gòu)成，表示動作從過去的某個時刻開始，繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下午，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。
例如：
I’ve been writing letters for an hour (and I’ve still got some more to do).
I’ve been sitting in the garden (and have just come indoors).
上述第一例說明動作還將繼續(xù)下去，第二例說明動作在說話時刻之前剛剛結(jié)束。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時（Present Perfect Tense）有時可以互相交換使用，含義沒有什么差別。
例如：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.
這兩句話都表示“我們已經(jīng)在這里居住了十年了”。
注意：在表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”這個概念時，現(xiàn)在完成時多用于口語。在含義上如果著重動作的結(jié)果時，多用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果著重動作一直在進(jìn)行，即動作的延續(xù)性或者動作仍然繼續(xù)下去時，由于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時還帶有進(jìn)行時的持續(xù)性、暫時性和未完成性，這時宜采用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，而且不能與現(xiàn)在完成時交換使用。
例如：
Who’s been eating my dinner?
Who’s eaten my dinner?
前一例的含義是“還剩下一些”，后一例則表示“全吃光了”，含義不同。
又例如：
I have read this book.
I’ve been reading this book.
前一例表示“我讀過這本書”，后一例表示“我一直在讀這本書”。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，以及現(xiàn)在完成時，不論其動作或狀態(tài)在說話時已經(jīng)完成還是延續(xù)到說話時刻并可能繼續(xù)下去，都與現(xiàn)在時間有聯(lián)系。如果與現(xiàn)在時間沒有聯(lián)系，那就要用一般過去時（Simple Past Tense）或過去進(jìn)行時（Past Progressing Tense）。
例如：
His sister has been a writer all her life. （含義是：她現(xiàn)在仍然是一個作家。）
His sister was a writer all her life. （含義是：她現(xiàn)在不再寫作了。）
又例如：
He has been living in China for ten years. （含義是：他可能還住在中國，也可能剛剛離開中國。）
He lived in China for ten years. （含義是：他現(xiàn)在已不在中國。）
同樣的，如果用了與現(xiàn)在時間沒有聯(lián)系的確定的時間狀語，也要用一般過去時或者過去進(jìn)行時。
例如：
I’ve been all over Africa. 我去過非洲所有的地方。
I went all over Africa in 1965. 我在1965年走遍了非洲。
又例如：
“You look tired.”
-- “Yes, I’ve been working non-stop all day.” 我一整天都不停的在工作。
“You look tired.”
-- “Yes. I was working non-stop until seven o’clock.” 我一直工作到七點(diǎn)。
4. 相對于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（Present Progressing Tense）來說，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作對于現(xiàn)在的影響。
例如：
I am sitting here right now.
I have been sitting here for two hours.
前一例的意思是“我現(xiàn)在正坐在這里”，暗含的意思可能是“你不能坐這兒了”；后一例的意思是“我已經(jīng)在這里坐了兩個小時了”，暗含的意思可能是“我坐得很累了”或者“我已經(jīng)等了很久了”。
5. “for＋一段時間”和“since＋時間點(diǎn)（或者表示過去時間的狀語從句）”都可以表示一段時間，常常用于完成時態(tài)，表示動作持續(xù)了多久。
例如：
She has been learning to play the guitar for three years.
She has been learning to play the guitar since 1996.
She has been learning to play the guitar since she was ten years old.
本周強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：
一、用括號中給出的詞回答問題。
1. What do you collect? (stamps)_________________________________
2. How long have you been collecting stamps? (two years and a half)
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How many stamps do you have now? (275)
_____________________________________________________________________
4. How long have they been studying English? (ten years old)
_____________________________________________________________________
5. How long has she been playing the piano? (forty-five minutes)
_____________________________________________________________________
6. When did she begin playing the piano? (9 o’clock in the morning)
_____________________________________________________________________
7. How long have you been reading that book? (last week)
_____________________________________________________________________
8. How long has Tim been swimming in the pool? (2 p.m.)
_____________________________________________________________________
9. How long has Lucy been dancing in the room? (one and half hours)
_____________________________________________________________________
10. How long have you been surfing the Internet? (6 hours)
_____________________________________________________________________
二、連詞成句。
1. raises, every hour, skate, for, for, they, charity, each, ten yuan, student
_____________________________________________________________________
2. stuffed animals, nine, collecting, she, been, for, has, years
_____________________________________________________________________
3. anyone else, let, if, know, collects, me, you, who, coins, please
_____________________________________________________________________
4. twelve, they, they, baseball, since, have, were, been, play, learning, to
_____________________________________________________________________
5. old, snow globe, I, when, got, was, I, years, first, my, eleven
_____________________________________________________________________
6. long, skating, you, been, how, have
_____________________________________________________________________
7. an, swimming, ago, Fanny, hour, started
_____________________________________________________________________
8. CDs, would, collect, I, to, music, like
_____________________________________________________________________
三、從下面給出的答案中選擇最佳答案，填在題前的括號里。
( ) 1. A: You look exhausted!B: Yes. I ______ tennis for two hours.
A. played B. was playing C. have been playing
( ) 2. It ______ for the whole week. It is wet everywhere.
A. is raining B. has been raining C. rained
( ) 3. I ______ the English story book last night.
A. have been reading B. read C. reading
( ) 4. She ______ letters since two o’clock.
A. wrote B. is writing C. has been writing
( ) 5. He ______ since ten o’clock. It is time to wake him up.
A. has been sleeping B. was sleeping C. is sleeping
( ) 6. I ______ a lot in American. I know much about that continent.
A. traveled B. have been traveling C. am traveling
( ) 7. He ______ the whole night. Is there anything wrong with him?
A. has been coughing B. coughed C. is coughing
參考答案：
一、1. I collect stamps.
2. I have been collecting stamps for two years and a half.
3. I have 275 stamps now.
4. They have been studying English since they were ten years old.
5. She has been playing the piano for forty-five minutes.
6. She began playing the piano at 9 o’clock in the morning.
7. I have been reading that book since last week.
8. Tim has been swimming in the pool since 2 p.m.
9. Lucy has been dancing in the room for one and a half hours.
10. I have been surfing the Internet for six hours.
二、1. Each student raises ten yuan for charity for every hour they skate.
2. She has been collecting stuffed animals for nine years.
3. If you know anyone else who collects coins, please let me know.
4. They have been learning to play baseball since they were twelve.
5. I got my first snow globe when I was eleven years old.
6. How long have you been skating?
7. Fanny started swimming an hour ago.
8. I would like to collect music CDs.
三、1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A
本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Review of Unit 6
一些詞和詞組的用法
1.“for＋時間段”和“since＋時間點(diǎn)（或是時間狀語從句）”表示的是一段時間，一般用在完成時態(tài)里。如果對這部分提問，應(yīng)該用疑問詞how long（多久）。而when表示“當(dāng)……時候”，提問的是一個動作的時間點(diǎn)。
例如：
How long have you been playing computer games?
I have been playing computer games since 3 o’clock / for two hours.
When did you begin playing computer games?
I began playing computer games at 3 o’clock.
2.raise 除了表示我們以前學(xué)過的“撫養(yǎng)”、“升起”的意思以外，這一課里我們還學(xué)習(xí)到它表示“籌（款）”“募捐”，它還可以表示“招（兵）”。
例如：
raise a loan 借款
raise a regiment 招募一團(tuán)兵
3.run out of “用完”“用盡”
例如：
They have run out of ink. 他們墨水用完了。
4.by the way “順便說一句”
例如：
By the way, do you have any idea where the post office is?
順便問一下，你知道郵局在哪兒嗎？
5.share 作為動詞，可以表示“分享”；作為名詞，可以表示“股票”、“份額”
例如：
I’ll share the cost with you. 我會跟你分擔(dān)費(fèi)用。
He had a large share in bringing it about. 他在促成這件事上出了很大的一份力。
6.go除了可以表示我們所熟知的“去”，還能用來表示“相配” 、“配合”、“起作用”、“行得通”
例如：
This truth goes everywhere. 這個真理到哪里都行得通。
Whatever he says goes. 他說到做到。
Any other night goes, but not this night. 別的任何一個晚上都行，只有今晚不可以。
7.each和every都可以表示“每一”、“每個”，但every更強(qiáng)調(diào)全體或全部，each更強(qiáng)調(diào)個體或各別。另外，every只能作形容詞，each可以作形容詞和代詞。
例如：
She knows every pupil of the class. 她認(rèn)識班級里所有的學(xué)生。
She knows each pupil of the class. 她認(rèn)識班級里每一個學(xué)生。
另外，在現(xiàn)代英語里，常常用they、their這樣的復(fù)數(shù)代詞來指代each、every one。
例如：
Every one has their own dreams.
本周強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：
一、根據(jù)句意和所給首字母，填寫單詞。
1.It’s quite dark outside. It’s p_______ 9 o’clock in the evening.
2.There are altogether seven p_______ in this passage.
3.I can s_______ my lunch with you if you forget to bring yours.
4.The cake t_______ sour. It may have gone off.
5.He likes collecting telephone cards. He is a telephone card c_______.
6.I like to travel around the world and try different foods of exotic f_______.
7.Did you n_______ that Miss Green changed her hairstyle?
8.Those peasants live in a small v_______ in the west.
9.Wang Lin speaks English fluently. He sounds like n_______ speaker.
10.You need b_______ and silk to make kites.
二、讀下列短文，并根據(jù)要求完成文后提出的任務(wù)。
香港餐館簡介
A. The Bookworm（書蟲） Cafe
If you are visiting Lamma Island（南亞島）, why not go and relax in a café where you can eat healthy food and read lots of books and magazines? The Bookworm Café near Yong Shue Wan Pier（碼頭）is a good place. The café serves healthy vegetarian food, salads and sandwiches and also makes its own cakes. One of the most popular cakes is the carrot cake. It is made with nuts, pieces of fruit and carrots, of course. To drink, there are fresh fruit juices. One of the best is a mixture of ginger（姜）, lemon and apple juice. If it’s cold outside and you need warming up, you could always try one of their homemade herb teas. Of course, if you prefer, there is English or Chinese tea. If you’re relaxing on your own, there are lots of magazines and books to read. You can sit there for a couple of course with a herb tea and nobody will trouble you. You can also surf the Net as the café has a computer.
B. Komix Kafe
If you are in Causeway Bay（銅鑼灣）and want to eat at a restaurant, surf the Net and read comics（漫畫）, look for the Komix Kafe. (Yes, you would have spelt it “Comics Café”, I’m sure!) Customers can use the computers for free and can also look through the comics from Jade Dynasty Publications. The manager says that Komix Kafe is different from other comics cafes; he thinks that it is important to serve really good food. All the dishes have names from the comics, so you should read the explanations! Popular dishes include（包括）chicken wings, and lobster（龍蝦）soup. There are also plenty of good desserts. The Baked Alaska is a mixture of cream and egg whites and comes with a burning flame（火焰）on top!
C. Goldfinch（金雀）Restaurant
Some customers are happy that their favorite restaurant never changes. Such a restaurant is the Goldfinch restaurant which first opened its doors nearly 40 years ago. The manager refuses（拒絕）to change the 60s decor（裝飾）! “We have customers who started coming here when they were young. Of course we change the lights and wallpapers from time to time, but only when necessary. It’s not just old people who visit the restaurant. Lots of young people come here too, including teenagers. They come in for a pepper steak（辣椒牛排）or a pork chop（豬排）. They say that they like the prices too.” The restaurant serves steaks and chops and sizzling platters（鐵板燒的菜）. The large servings mean that their customers never leave hungry, and don’t return for more until they are hungry again!
1. 你的朋友要做以下幾件事情，請你幫他在上述三家餐館挑選，哪些餐館最適合做這些事，請?jiān)诒砀窭飫澒础?/p>
A B C
Where would you go
1) ---- for a birthday meal?
2) ---- for a light lunch?
3) ---- to email a friend in another country?
4) ---- while out of town for the day？
2. 下面有些文中單詞或詞語的解釋，請你從上述三個文段中找出與之意思相同的詞或詞語。
1) your hand and feet are cold (Text A) ________________________________
2) people will not ask you to leave (Text A) ____________________________
3) started its business (Text C) _______________________________________
4) the colors and furniture (Text C) ___________________________________
5) they think the restaurant isn’t expensive (Text C) _________________
參考答案：
一、1. probably
2. paragraphs
3. share
4. tastes
5. collector
6. flavors
7. notice
8. village
9. native
10. bamboo
二、1. 1) B.C
2) A.B
3) A.B
4) A
2. 1) you need warming up
2) nobody will trouble you
3) first opened its doors
4) the decor
5) they like the prices
現(xiàn)在我們來輕松一下欣賞一首歌。這首歌的名字是Where Have all the Flowers Gone，它由Earth Wind And Fire、The Brothers Four以及臺灣女歌手齊豫等人唱過。仔細(xì)的聽一聽它的歌詞和旋律，相信你能夠歌曲中所訴說的戰(zhàn)爭給人們帶來的傷害。
你可以點(diǎn)擊下面的地址鏈接下載這首歌，或者在www.sogua.com中輸入gone進(jìn)行模糊查詢來搜索這首歌。
http://chw.csie.nctu.edu.tw/interest/music/duet/where_have_all_the_flowers_gone.mp3
Where Have all the Flowers Gone
Where have all the flowers gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the flowers gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the flowers gone?
Gone to young girls, every one!
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
Where have all the young girls gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the young girls gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the young girls gone?
Gone to young men, every one!
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
Where have all the young men gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the young men gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the young men gone?
Gone to soldiers, every one!
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
And where have all the soldiers gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the soldiers gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the soldiers gone?
Gone to graveyards, every one!
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
And where have all the graveyards gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the graveyards gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the graveyards gone?
Gone to flowers, every one!
When will they ever learn?
Oh when will they ever learn?
詞匯小結(jié)：
Title How long have you been collecting shells?
Topic Hobbies
Functions Talk about how long you have been doing things
Structures Present perfect progressive
Simple past tense
Present progressive tense
Target language How long have you been skating?
I’ve been skating since nine o’clock.
When did you start skating?
I started skating at nine o’clock.
Students are skating at the Hilltop School.
Vocabulary inline skating, marathon, skate, stamp, shell, snow globe, pair since, collecting
Recycling last year
times
numbers
How long …
student, school, birthday, penguin, hobby, kite
Learning Strategies Inducing
cooperating
Ⅰ．Words and Expressions:
(n. 名詞 adj. 形容詞 adv. 副詞 v. 動詞 prep. 介詞 )
單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 講解與例句
collect v. 收集；搜集 Do you like collecting stamps?
你喜歡集郵嗎？
shell n. 貝殼 How long have you been collecting shells?
你收集貝殼有多久了？
skate v. 滑冰 He loves roller skating.
他喜愛穿四輪滑冰鞋滑冰。
inline adj. 一列式的 inline skating 縱列式滑冰
marathon n. 馬拉松賽 a swimming marathon. 長距離游泳
raise v. 募集；籌措 raise funds 籌集資金
monster n. 怪物；怪獸 a sea monster 海怪
The pumpkin is a real monster.
這南瓜可真大。
probably v. 或許；大概 It will probably rain. 天很可能要下雨了。
--Will it rain this afternoon?
-- Probably not.
-今天下午下雨嗎? -大概不會。
run out of 用盡；缺乏 Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.
他們雖然已經(jīng)水盡糧絕,但情緒都很好,并且深信他們很快就會出來的。
store v. 儲存；存放 The shed will store 30 tons of coal.
這個棚子能容納30噸煤。
room n. 空間 There's no room for move.
沒有挪動的空間。
This desk takes up a lot of room.
這張課桌很占地方
particularly adv. 特別地；顯著地 It is particularly hot today. 今天特別熱。
He isn't particularly clever but industrious.
"他并不特別聰明,但很勤奮。"
polar adj. 近極點(diǎn)的 polar bear 北極熊
Love and hatred are polar feelings.
愛與恨是完全相反的感情。
anyone pron. 任何人 Anyone can use the library here.
在這兒任何人都可以用圖書館。
by the way 順便說一句 By the way, what happened to the money?
順便問一句，那筆錢后來怎么樣了？
bamboo n. 竹子 a bamboo chair 竹椅
common adj. 共同的；常見的 a common cup 公用杯子
Snow is common in cold countries.
在寒冷的國家雪是常見的。
free adj. 無拘束的；自由的 The prisoner wished to be free again.
囚犯希望重新獲得自由。
topic n. 話題；題目 It is a good topic for a composition.
這是個好作文題目。
be interested in 對… …感興趣 Are you interested in music?
你對音樂感興趣嗎？
I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
我只是對獨(dú)坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。
Words from the reading
單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 講解與例句
paragraph n. （文章的）段；節(jié) Read from book, starting at the second paragraph. 念書，從第二段開始。
share v. 分享；共用 We shared the sweets.
我們分吃了糖果。
They share their joys and sorrows.
他們同甘共苦。
Bill and Bob shared the work equally between them.
比爾和鮑勃兩人把工作平分了。
taste v. 品嘗；嘗起來 Can I taste your drink?
我可以嘗一嘗你的飲料嗎？
This tea tastes sweet. 這茶的味道很香。
teach v. 教；教授 Who taught you to ride a bicycle?
誰教你騎自行車的？
He has been teaching four hours already this morning.
今天上午他已經(jīng)教了四個小時的課。
recently adv. 最近地 Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.近來情況變得如此糟糕,以致他決定節(jié)食了。
notice n. 注意到；看到 It attracts one's notice. 它惹人注目。
The notice on the door said that the library was closed.
門上的通知說圖書館關(guān)門了。
Can you be ready at short notice?
你能一接到通知馬上就準(zhǔn)備好嗎？
combination n. 合并；組合 His character is a combination of strength and kindness. 他的性格是剛與柔的結(jié)合。
After the general election, a combination of parties formed the new government.
大選后,各政黨聯(lián)合組成了新政府。
flavor n. 味道；風(fēng)味 This cake has an unusual flavor.
這個蛋糕有一種不尋常的味道。
You may choose anyone from the six popular flavors of ice cream!
你可以在受歡迎的六種味道的冰淇淋中任意挑選一種!
do one’s best 盡力 He didn’t pass the test, but he had done his best. 雖然沒通過考試，可他盡力了。
polite adj. 有禮貌的；文雅的 You should be polite to everyone.
你應(yīng)該對每個人都有禮貌。
describe v. 描述；描繪 I will describe you. 我來把你描述一番。
Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 語言難以描述出這景色的幽美。
He described himself as a doctor.
他自稱是醫(yī)生。
native adj. 當(dāng)?shù)氐模划?dāng)?shù)厝说?His native language is Chinese.
他的母語是漢語。
exactly adv. 正確地；完全地 The train arrived at exactly 8 o'clock.
火車八點(diǎn)整到達(dá)。
Tell me exactly where Mary lives.
請確切告訴我瑪麗住在那里。
It is exactly four o'clock, not one minute more nor one minute less.
正好是四點(diǎn)，一分鐘不多，一分鐘也不少。
‘We need a drink.’ ‘Exactly! Let's have one.’ “我們應(yīng)該喝酒。”“說得對！讓我們來喝一杯。”
Ⅱ．Sentences and Phrases (句型與詞組)
Grammar Focus
How long have you been skating?
I’ve been skating since nice o’clock.
I’ve been skating for five hours.
How long did you skate? I skated for two hours.
重點(diǎn)：
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時由 have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成。它的主要用法與現(xiàn)在完成時的“未完成”用法相仿。例如：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.
但是，由于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時還帶有進(jìn)行時的持續(xù)性，暫時性和未完成性的含義，有時就不可以與現(xiàn)在完成時互換使用。比較：
Who’s been eating my dinner?
Who’s eaten my dinner?
前一例的含義是“還有些剩下”，后一例則表示“全給吃光了”，含義不同。
無論是現(xiàn)在完成時還是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時都與現(xiàn)在時間有聯(lián)系。如果與現(xiàn)在時間沒有聯(lián)系，那就要用一般過去時。
例如：
He has lived in China for ten years.
(含義是：他可能還住在中國，也可能剛剛離開中國。)
He lived in China for ten years. (含義是：他現(xiàn)在已不在中國。)
Sentences from the passage (重點(diǎn)句講解)
◆I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School skating Marathon, where
students are skating to raise money for charity.
我在Hilltop學(xué)校滑冰馬拉松賽現(xiàn)場和你們說話，這兒有很多學(xué)生在滑冰，為了給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌款。
raise 的用法：
1) v. 抬高；舉起
He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂舉過頭頂。
I will not raise a hand against you. 我不會做任何不利于你的事。
2) v. 提高；增加
to raise salaries 提高工資
3) v. 征集, 籌集(款)
raise funds 籌集資金
◆Zhang Li was the first one to start, and has been skating for the whole
eight hours.
張莉是第一個開始滑冰的，她已經(jīng)滑了整整八個小時了。
the first one to do sth.
He’s always the first to get to school. 他總是第一個到校。
the last one to do sth.
He’s always the last one to hand in his homework.
他總是最后一個交作業(yè)。
whole 的用法：
1) adj. 整個的；全部的
They told me the whole story. 他們給我講了整個的故事。
the whole truth 全部真相
2) n. 整體；全部
the whole of that area 整個那個地區(qū)
He put the whole of his money into the bank.
他把所有的錢都存進(jìn)了銀行。
3) on the whole 總的來說；從總體上看
The weather this month has been good on the whole.
這個月的天氣基本上是好的。
◆My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.
媽媽說我必須停止，因?yàn)榧依镆呀?jīng)沒地方放了。
run的用法：
1) v. 跑；奔
He ran across the road. 他跑過馬路。
2) v. 迅速移動；迅速行駛
He ran his eyes down the list. 他的眼睛迅速地在名單上掃了一下。
The car ran down the hill. 汽車迅速駛下山崗。
3) （機(jī)器）轉(zhuǎn)動，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
The engine runs well. 發(fā)動機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。
This machine is not running correctly. 這臺機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得不正常。
4) 控制，主持（團(tuán)體、組織）
run a school 辦一所學(xué)校
和run有關(guān)的短語：
1) run across 偶然遇到
2)run after 追逐，追蹤
3)run away（常與from連用）逃走，逃脫;逃避，躲開
4)run down（用車）撞倒 ; 追尋；追獲
to run down a criminal 追緝一名罪犯
5) run out （常與of連用）用光；耗盡
◆I even have them stored in boxes under my bed.
我甚至把他們擱在盒子里，放在床下。
have sth. done
e.g.
Yesterday I had my hair cut. 昨天我理發(fā)了。
I had my bike repaired. 我修了自行車。
◆A friend from England wrote me recently. She said she had been to a restaurant.
從英格蘭來的一個朋友最近寫信給我。她說她去了一家飯館。
have gone to … 去了某地 (還沒有回來)
have been to … 去過某地 (已經(jīng)回來了)
e.g.
-- Where’s Peter? I haven’t seen him for several days.
-- He has gone to France. (還沒回來)
-- Where were you just now?
-- I have been to the hospital. (已經(jīng)回來了)
◆They wanted to share each dish. If we had been in China, we could have done so, but in England it isn’t polite to eat from each other’s plate. Also different flavors may not go well together.
他們想分享每一碟菜。如果是在中國的話，我們可以這么做，可是在英格蘭從對方碟子里夾菜是不禮貌的。還有，不同的菜擱在一起，可能會變味。
和go 有關(guān)的短語：
1) go down 下降；下沉；墜落；降價
Meat and eggs are going down in price. 肉蛋的價格正在下跌。
The grain crop has gone down this year. 今年的糧食作物產(chǎn)量下降了。
2) go far 成功；成名
The young man will go far (in his job). 這個青年將來會有成就。
3) go on 發(fā)生
What's going on here? 這里發(fā)生了什么事？
The computer has gone on the fritz. 電腦出了毛病。
4) go out 出走，離開
What a pleasant weather. Why not go out for a walk?
天氣多好啊,為什么不出去散散步?
5) go over 視察；查看
We went over the building. 我們查看了這座大樓。
6) 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；遭到
to go through two stages 經(jīng)歷兩個階段
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.
這些國家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火。
◆My English friends think that I now prefer the Chinese way of eating. They say that I am “going native”. Perhaps they are right!
我英國的朋友認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在我更喜歡中國的吃法。他們說我“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”了。也許他們說的對。
prefer 的用法：
prefer ... rather than 寧愿[愿意]...而不愿
prefer ...to 喜歡...而不喜歡; 喜歡... 勝過...
e.g.
Do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜歡咖啡還是茶?
Their teacher prefers doing to talking. 他們的老師喜歡做而不喜歡說。
Those soldiers prefer to die rather than surrender. 那些士兵寧死不屈。
【同步達(dá)綱練習(xí)】
Ⅰ．單項(xiàng)選擇。
( ) 1. He prefers ___ rather than ___ the bus.
A. walk, take B. to walk, to take
C. to walk, take D. walk, to take
( ) 2. They have ___ many difficulties these years.
A. gone over B. gone on C. gone out D. gone through
( ) 3. Peter ___ his middle school teacher in the street yesterday.
A. ran after B. ran away C. ran out D. ran across
( ) 4. We have ___ of food and drink. What shall we do?
A. run after B. run away C. run out D. run across
( ) 5. Tony told me the ___ story.
A. all B. one C. whole D. both
( ) 6. They are here to ___ funds for the charity.
A. raise B. rise C. get D. want
( ) 7. Can you be ready at short ___?
A. attention B. message C. notice D. information
( ) 8. When John got up this morning, it ___.
A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. was raining
( ) 9. There ___ another English evening next Sunday.
A. are going to be B. was going to be
C. is going to be D. were going to be
( ) 10. Do you know what ___ this time yesterday?
A. they are doing B. were they doing
C. they were doing D. are they doing
( ) 11. What ___ yesterday evening?
A. happened to you B. did you happen
C. did happened to you D. you happened
( ) 12. When I come back, Peter ___ to Beijing already.
A. have gone B. has gone C. went D. has been
( ) 13. He ___ ill for three months.
A. was B. is C. had been D. has been
( ) 14. Mr. Black is not in. What ___ now?
A. do we do B. we will do
C. shall we do D. are we going do
( ) 15. My brother ___ to London twice.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
Ⅱ．用所給詞的正確形式填空。
1．It is ________ today. ( sun )
2．Look at these ________. ( cloud )
3．Playing on the thin ice is ________. ( danger )
4．The ________ ( wind ) is ________ strongly. ( blow )
5．The question isn’t hard. I can answer it ________. ( easy )
6．September 10th is ________ Day. ( teach )
7．The man liked living there. Because it was usually very ________. ( quietly )
8．Mother always tells me to be ________ when I cross the street. ( care )
9．Look! The children are playing ________. ( happy )
10．Be ________! We must walk ________. ( quick )
Ⅲ．閱讀理解。
( A )
Have you ever thought of going on a TV quiz show? The games are played for a laugh, but the prizes can be really great: cars, TVs, videos, and exciting trips. Of course, being a game contestant is not for everyone. Fear of the camera is a common worry, and generally shyness is another. But some people may be keen on game shows. Christine Patterson from a leading independence production company has some advice.
“Contestants need to be quick-witted, fast on the buzzer and not shy about appearing on TV. They can range from 18 to 80.” She believes that “you need to have a reasonable amount of general knowledge and be able to talk freely.”
Many contestants agree that being on a quiz show is addictive. It’s difficult and frightening. But once you’ve done it, you just want to go back and do it again and again.
If you have read this and still think you would like to be a contestant, it show that you are bright not afraid to look silly in from of others. It’s almost certain that you are an eternal optimist. Pessimists may have all the other qualities. They seldom enter game shows, saying, “What’s the point? I wouldn’t win anything.”
Which are you?
一、Multiple choice.
( ) 1. A TV quiz show is usually ___.
A. foolish B. easy C. interesting D. boring
( ) 2. ___ can be a game show contestant.
A. Not everyone B. Everyone C. No one D. Anyone
( ) 3. Game show contestants ___.
A．must have enough general knowledge
B．must be quick on the buzzer
C．mustn’t be afraid of making mistakes
D．a(chǎn)ll the above
( ) 4. The word “pessimist” means ___.
A．someone who is always full of hope
B．someone who believes the worst will happen
C．someone who is not quick-witted
D．someone who has many qualities
( ) 5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A．TV Quiz Show B. A Contestant
C. Optimists D. Pessimists
二、Fill in the blanks using the underlined words in the passage.
1．The man was too ________ to ask the beautiful girl to dance.
2．A ________ girl leans quickly.
3．My father is _________ on football. He watches every important football math on TV.
4．It is ________ to go out in the rain without an umbrella if you don’t have to.
5．That was the most ________ film of the year.
( B )
Even experts were a little surprised when a man of 62 turned up at a
parachute training school and said he was interested in learning to become a parachutist. They agreed to let him take the course, but only after giving him some tests to prove that he was fit enough.
Mr. Archie Macfarlane finished the course successfully. Everyone was
surprised to see he as so agile and tough.
A few weeks later, when he was ready for his jump, he said to the chief instructor, “I told you a bit of a lie. I ‘m really 75.”
That was six years ago and yesterday Archie Macfarlane made his 18th jump. They gave him the place of honor-first out of the plane-at a weekend meeting for parachutists over 40 years old.
Archie has other hobbies besides parachuting. He also enjoys motorcycling and mountaineering.
Last year he fell while climbing on Snowdon, and had to be saved by helicopter.
His daughter said, “Sometimes I think he ought to stop doing all this. But as my mother says, so long as he is happy, it’s better than being miserable. He tried hang-gliding once and said he thought it was a bit easy.”
Now Archie is thinking of taking up water-- skiing.
( ) 1. Why were experts surprised when they knew Archie Macfarlane wanted to become a parachutist?
A．Because many people of his age could be parachutists.
B．Because some people of his age could be parachutists.
C．Because few people of his age could be parachutists.
D．Because people of any age could be parachutists.
( ) 2. How old was he when he made his 18th jump?
A. 81 B. 75 C. 68 D. 62
( ) 3. Parachuting was ___.
A. an enjoyable and easy sport B. not dangerous at all
C. his only hobby D. one of his hobbies
( ) 4. Archie Macfarlane ___.
A．is good at water-skiing
B．is planning to learn water-skiing
C．has never heard of water-skiing
D．has tried water-skiing many times.
( ) 5. Which statement best describes Archie Macfarlane?
A．He is very old.
B．He likes telling lies.
C．He is very funny.
D．He is old but likes to do exciting and dangerous things.
Ⅳ．完型填空。
One school has a big library. It has many 1 on different subjects. Students can read books and newspapers in the 2 room. They can also borrow books from the library. But they must 3 them on time. If they 4 books, they must pay for them. Miss Yang works in the library. She is very helpful and 5 to the students.
One morning she was 6 at the desk when Han Meimei hurried in. She told Miss Yang that she couldn’t find the library book “Red Star Over China” 7 . At that moment Lucy came into the library with Meimei’s library book. She 8 it in the classroom. Meimei was very 9 . She thanked Lucy and said that she could be more 10 from then on.
( ) 1. A. students B. teachers C. books D. pictures
( ) 2. A. sitting B. reading C. meeting D. waiting
( ) 3. A. borrow B. lend C. give D. return
( ) 4. A. lose B. forget C. leave D. miss
( ) 5. A. strict B. kind C. ready D. free
( ) 6. A. working B. playing C. sleeping D. studying
( ) 7. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere
( ) 8. A. found B. bought C. looked for D. left
( ) 9. A. angry B. happy C. sorry D. sad
( )10. A. careful B. helpful C. thankful D. beautiful
參考答案（三）
【同步達(dá)綱練習(xí)】
Ⅰ．單項(xiàng)選擇。
1-5 CDDCC 6-10 ACDCC 11-15 ABDCB
Ⅱ．用所給詞的正確形式填空。
1. sunny 2. clouds 3. dangerous 4. wind, blowing
5. easily 6. Teacher’s 7. quiet 8. careful
9. happily 10. quick, quickly
Ⅲ．閱讀理解。
( A ) 一、CADBB
二、1. shy 2. bright 3. keen 4. silly 5. exciting
( B ) CADBD
Ⅳ．完型填空。
1-5 CBDAB 6-10 ABABA
Hong long have you been collecting shells（A）
●作業(yè)導(dǎo)航
掌握本單元的基礎(chǔ)知識：
1．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的用法。
2．學(xué)會談?wù)撘患虑楦闪硕嚅L時間。
Ⅰ．Complete the following words we’ve learned in this unit. 根據(jù)本單元所學(xué)詞匯，補(bǔ)全下列單詞。
_oll_ _t sh_ll
s_ve_al p_lar
b_mb_ _ c_mm_n
d_scr_be p_l_te
_il_age p_ _ti_ul_ _ly
Ⅱ．Look at the following pictures and complete the dialogue. 看圖，完成下列對話。
1．A: Hi, there. When did you start _____________?
B: At nine o’clock.
A: So you’ve _____________ skating for …
B: I’ve been skating for five hours.
A: Your fee will _____________ ten yuan.
2．A. When _____________ you start studying English?
B: In 1997.
A: So you have been _____________English since 1997.
B: Yes. I have been studying _____________ for seven years.
3．A: What do you _____________ ?
B: I collect _____________.
A: How long have you been _____________ stamps?
B: I have been collecting stamps _____________ I was a child.
A: You are great.
B: Thank you.
Ⅲ．Match the words with the pictures. 將詞與圖畫搭配起來。
1．pair______________ 2．polite________________
3．teach_____________
4．collector___________ 5．inline_________________
Ⅳ．Complete the sentence with the correct verb or time phrase. 選詞填空。
will he be/have you been/since he was three/did you/have you/three years ago
1．Lukas started collecting_____________.
2．How long _____________collected records?
3．How long _____________buying early Elvis albums?
4．Mark’s been collecting _____________.
5．By the way, _____________start guitar lessons?
Ⅴ．Match the responses with the questions. Select the best match. 把問題和答語連接起來。
Responses Match
1．She collects sea shells.
2．Because she loves the pretty colors.
3．She’s been collecting for three years.
4．Yes, she would.
5．She’d like to collect rare stamps.
Questions
(a) Would she like to collect anything else?
(b) Does Gabriella have a hobby now?
(c) What else would she like to collect?
(d) Why does she do it?
(e) How long has she been collecting?
Ⅵ．Look at the pictures and complete the article. 看圖完成下列短文。
Meals are more important than just eating food. They are social occasions and are sometimes business occasions as w________. It is d _________to know how to deal w___________ every food but a good tip is to f___________ your host. In a formal western meal, it might be uncommon to have a variety of forks and spoons beside the plate. If you are not sure, simple wait until someone else starts and follow their e__________. H________, sometimes this is not the best a________. Once, the King of England had a dinner party for twenty g__________. After the meal, c__________ was served at the table. The King took his coffee cup off the saucer and his twenty guests followed his example. He then poured some cream into the saucer and his guests did the same. However, he then put the saucer on the floor…h(huán)e was merely giving a treat for his d_____________.
參考答案
Ⅰ．(略)
Ⅱ．1．skating, been, reach
2．did, studying, English
3．collect, stamps, collecting, since
Ⅲ．1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．E
Ⅳ．1．three years ago
2．have you
3．have you been
4．since he was three
5．did you
Ⅴ．1．(c) 2．(d) 3．(e) 4．(a) 5．(b)
Ⅵ．well, difficult, with, follow, example, However, advice, guests, coffee, dog
How long have you been collecting shells?（B）
Ⅰ．Words.
1．His hobby is _____ _____(收集) stamps.
2．Mr Liu _____ _____ _____(對……感興趣) making kites.
3．I’ll _____ _____ _____(盡力) to help you with your English.
4．He _____ _____ _____(用盡) his strength to save the boy out of the water.
5．Let’s _____ (共用) my umbrella if you don’t bring yours.
Ⅱ．Choose the best answer.
1．He has worked in the factory _____ five years ago.
A. for B. at
C. since D. about
2．The teacher told me the students _____ to see a new film yesterday.
A. have been to B. have gone to
C. will go D. went
3．The man lost his money. But he _____ about it.
A. not try to worry B. tried not to worry
C. don’t try to worry D. tried to not worry
4．Do you still remember _____?
A. that he said B. what he said
C. did he say that D. what did he say
5．We can’t live _____ air or water.
A. with B. no
C. haven’t D. without
Ⅲ．Fill in the blanks with the correct tenses of the verbs in the brackets.
1．-I _____ (buy) a beautiful pen.
-When _____ you _____ (buy) it?
2．He _____( not post) the letter for me? It is still on his desk.
3．While the Reads _____ (have) supper, the bell rang.
4．He _____ (fall) off the bike last week, so he _____ (feel) terrible.
5．He _____ (ride) his bike this time yesterday.
6．He _____ (look for) his lost brother these years.
7．-What have you done with the apples?
-We have just _____ (eat) them.
Ⅳ．Choose the best answer to complete the dialogue.
Li Fang: Hi, Wang Hai! It’s a long time since we met last. (1)_____
Wang Hai: I’ve been to Kunming with my friends.
Li: (2) _____
Wang: Yes, of course. And we saw many kinds of flowers there. (3) _____
Li: Did you meet any foreign visitors?
Wang: Yes, a lot. And I talked with some of them.
Li: (4) _____
Wang: They said we were very friendly.
Li: (5) _____
Wang: The delicious food and the places of interest.
A. What did they say about Chinese people?
B. You’ve just come back, haven’t you?
C. Did you have a good journey?
D. What did they like best about China?
E. Where have you been?
F. There were many foreigners, too.
G. All of them were very beautiful.
Ⅴ. Choose the best answer after reading the ad.
Welcome to the zoo
Days Open: Monday to Friday Fees:
10: 00 am~6: 00 pm Adults: ＄8.00
Saturday to Sunday Ages 8~14: ＄3.00
8: 00 am~8: 00 pm Ages 15~18: ＄6.00
Under 8: Free
Try our Train Ride for ＄2.00 per person!
1．The zoo opens _____ days a week.
A. one B. two
C. five D. seven
2．If you are 13 years old, how much do you pay to go to the zoo?
A. ＄3 B. ＄6
C. ＄8 D. Free
3．Kate is 12, and his little sister is 6, they have to pay _____ to go to the zoo.
A. ＄9 B. ＄11
C. ＄6 D. ＄3
4．On Sunday, the zoo opens at _____.
A. 10: 00 in the morning B. 8: 00 in the morning
C. 6: 00 in the afternoon D. 8: 00 in the afternoon
參考答案
Ⅰ．1．to collect 2．is interested in 3．do/try my best 4．ran out of 5．share
Ⅱ．1~5 CDBBD
Ⅲ．1．have bought; did, buy 2．hasn’t posted 3．was having 4．fell; felt
5．was riding 6．has been looking for 7．eaten
Ⅳ．1~5 ECGAD
Ⅴ．1~4 DADB
How long have you been collecting shells? （C）
Ⅰ．Words.
1．I’ll do my _____(well) to learn English well.
2．He has saved a lot of people’s _____(life)since he became a doctor.
3．The dog has been _____(die)for two hours.
4．What does Mr King say about _____(travel)to China?
5．We _____(shall)listen to the teacher carefully in class.
Ⅱ．Choose the best answer.
1．Tom _____ the exam, reaching the top of place in most subjects.
A. was good at B. did well in
C. failed D. was weak on
2．The worker has lived here for twenty years.
A. since twenty years ago B. since he came here
C. twenty years ago D. twenty years before
3．It’s raining heavily. Who’s _____ my umbrella?
A. brought B. got
C. taken D. carried
4．Mr Wang isn’t here. I hear _____ Beijing.
A. that he has gone to B. that he has been to
C. he went D. he will go
Ⅲ．Complete the dialogue.
Tim: Hi, Ann! Are you going to school?
Ann: Hi, Tim! I’m going to the post office. I _____ (send) a letter to Bob.
Tim: _____ you _____ (hear) from him lately?
Ann: Yes, I _____ (get) a letter from him the day before yesterday.
Tim: How is he getting on?
Ann: Very well. He’s been traveling. He _____ (be) to France, Germany and Spain.
Tim: How lucky he is! Where is he now?
Ann: He _____ (go) to England.
Tim: _____ he _____ (be) there before?
Ann: Yes. His mother is from London. He _____ (be) born there.
Tim: I see. I _____ (hear) London is very beautiful. I _____ (go) there on holiday with my family soon.
Ann: Really? I hope you _____ (enjoy) your trip.
Ⅵ. Reading.
Chemists have been studying why people cry. They say the body produces two kinds of tears. One kind cleans out the eye if it gets dirt in it. But when people cry because of their feelings, these tears have poisonous chemicals in them. The body is getting rid of chemicals produced by strong feelings.
In the United States men have hearts diseases more often than women do. Doctors say heart disease and some other diseases have something to do with the pressure. Perhaps men suffer more from these diseases because they do not cry enough. And it is possible that as more and more women work outside their home, they will also suffer from more pressures. Then everyone will need to cry more.
1．Chemists are trying to understand _____.
A. how many kinds of tears the body makes
B. why people cry
C. the diseases in a modern society
D. why men have heart diseases more than women
2．What is happening now? ( )
A. More women are now working outside their homes.
B. More men than women are now crying.
C. The poison found in the tears is killing more and more people.
D. Heart diseases are on the rise.
3．Why do people cry? ( )
A. They can get rid of the poison produced by strong feelings.
B. For no reason at all.
C. They cry when someone they know dies from a heart disease.
D. People cry because they have to work outside their homes.
4．Heart disease and other diseases have something to do with _____.
A. chemicals B. crying
C. pressure D. tears
5．Men have heart disease more often than women because _____.
A. there’s something special in the man’s body
B. men suffer more from their work than women do
C. men have to work outside their homes
D. there’s no poison in women’s tears
參考答案
Ⅰ．1．best 2．lives 3．dead 4．traveling 5．should
Ⅱ．1~4 BACA
Ⅲ．a(chǎn)m going to send; Have, heard; got; has been; has gone; Has, been; was; hear; am
going; will enjoy
Ⅳ．1~5 BDACB
Hong long have you been collecting shells（D）
Ⅰ．Choose the correct answers. 單項(xiàng)選擇填空。
1．The students camped _____________the whole summer vacation.
A. in B. on
C. for D. during
2．It is two years _____________ we came here.
A. for B. since
C. in D. at
3．He handed me _____________ trousers.
A. a new set of B. a new pair of
C. a piece of new D. a pair of new
4．We have _____________ wine of Scotland. Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some.
A. run off B. run away with
C. run down D. run out of
5．There is no _____________for you.
A. room B. rooms
C. sit D. space
6．His work is better than _____________ in the class.
A. anyone’s else B. anyone else’s
C. anyone else D. anyone’s else’s
7．_____________ the way, have you seen John lately?
A. On B. In
C. By D. To
8．I really don’t know he is not _____________ in this.
A. interest B. interested
C. interesting D. interested
9．This is the best _____________ to learn English.
A. way B. road
C. journey D. trip
10．We’ll do _____________ best to do the work.
A. my B. I
C. our D. we
11．These color don’t _____________.
A. get together B. go together
C. work together D. all together
12．The three travelers were all tired after a few days of non-stop riding on horseback, so they found a village _____________ they decided to stay there for the night.
A. theatre B. cafe
C. hospital D. inn
13．This is a story that has a _____________of the sea.
A. attitude B. sight
C. flavor D. flavors
14．I _____________ him before. But my friends _____________ him two days ago.
A. didn’t meet; met B. haven’t; met
C. don’t meet; meet D. hadn’t; meet
15．How long have you been _____________ stamps?
A. collecting B. collected
C. to collect D. writing
Ⅱ．Study the word groups. One doesn’t belong. Choose the word that doesn’t fit in the group. 選出不符合本組類別的單詞。
1．_____________ shells, stamps, coins, since, dolls
2．_____________ going, skating, dancing, roller blading, skiing
3．_____________ marathon, contest, competition, computer, race
4．_____________ ago, since, when, months, books
5．_____________ beginner, lawyer, player, pro, champion
Ⅲ．Form sentences. 組句（注意大小寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號）。
1．ten years old, he, be, since, collect kites
__________________________________
2．the skating marathon, go, for eight hours, now
__________________________________
3．a(chǎn) snow globe collectors’ club, would like, I, start
__________________________________
4．how good it is, sometimes, the name and appearance of food, be, important, than
__________________________________
5．the meal, for one, for many, be, not, but, to enjoy
__________________________________
Ⅳ．Fill in the blanks according to the first letter given. 短文填空（首字母已給出）。
American actor Sean Penn had his car and two guns s__________ while he was h _________lunch near the University of California at Berkeley last Friday. Penn, 42, w _________lives north of San Francisco, was d ________a black 1987 Buick Grand National, a collector’s favorite. Penn had permits for the g__________. Later on Sunday, police said that the car was f __________nine miles (14.4 kilometers) from where it was stolen. But they are still s __________for the guns. The police make s_________ that the thief must be a __________. Maybe he thinks the guns are more w__________ collecting than the car.
參考答案
Ⅰ．1~5 ABBDA 6~10 BCBAC 11~15 BDCAA
Ⅱ．1．since 2．going 3．computer 4．books 5．pro
Ⅲ．1．He has been collecting kites since he was ten years old.
2．The skating marathon has been going for eight hours now.
3．I would like to start a snow globe collectors’ club.
4．Sometimes, the name and appearance of food is more important than how good it is.
5．The meal is not for one, but for many to enjoy
Ⅳ．stolen, having, who, driving, guns, found, se, sure, collector, worthy
2005年4月26日星期二