徐前進
江蘇省黃橋中學
二00五年五月
Period 1.Welcome to the unit
1. handout 1) 免費分發的印刷品(如廣告,傳單,講義), 分發的救濟品
Please read the ~ carefully.
During the flood many thousands of people survived on ~.靠救濟品存活
2) 發給大家, 散發
At the Christmas party Santa Claus handed out the presents under the trees.
Will you help me to ~ the leaflet at the meeting.
2.statistics 1) 統計數字, 作復數
Statistics show that there are more boys than girls at school.
Have you studied the recent divorce ~?
2) 統計學, 不可數
~ is a rather modern branch of mathematics.
3.product n. 產品 The company sells plastic products. 這家公司出售塑料制品。
produce vt/vi 生產，制造 produce woolen goods 生產毛織品
n 農產品或自然產品的總稱
the field produce is transported by water to the neighbouring cities.
農產品通過水路運往鄰近的城市。
productive adj 能生產的，肥沃的 a plant which is productive 多產的植物
productive land 肥沃的土地
可能產生……的
discussions that seem to be productive only quarrels 似乎只會導致口角的討論
production n. 生產，制造（指生產的行為），產量
production is up this month. 本月產量上升。
Productivity n. 生產力 increase productivity 增加生產力
3.service 1) 可數, 服務, 幫助, 貢獻
Do you need the services of a doctor? 你需要醫生的服務嗎？
The hotel offers good services. 這家旅館提供良好的服務。
He did me a service. 他幫助過我.
2) 可數, 公共服務,公共設施, 勞務
Essential ~s will be maintained. 基本的公共服務設施將會得到保障.
There are good banking and insurance ~s.銀行和保險服務
We get export earnings from goods and ~s.用貨物和勞務創收外匯
3) 不可數, 任職, 用處, 服務
He had ten years’ ~ in the navy.他在海軍服役十年。
The old man had many years of faithful ~ to the company.
那老人為公司忠實工作了多年。
The ~ in the place is slow/bad. 這里的服務很慢/很差。
You will get good ~ from this typewriter.打字機對你有用
at one’s ~ 隨時為…服務的
I’m at your ~.我隨時為你服務。
My car is at your ~.我的車供你隨時使用。
I placed a computer at his ~.我提供一部電腦，供他隨時使用。
4) 及物動詞, 檢修, 維修, 向…提供服務
I get my car ~d regularly.我定期進行汽車檢修。
The power station is ~d by road transport.這座發電站的燃料是通過公路運送的。
The company hasn’t enough cash to ~ its debts.
這家公司沒有足夠的資金支付債務利息。
serve服務, 侍侯(顧客), 提供(飯菜,食品等)
He ~d in the army for three years. 他曾當國三年兵。
She ~d the family well for ten years. 他為這家人好好服務了十年。
Roast pork is often ~d with apple sauce.烤肉常和蘋果醬一起上。
2. aware adj. 知道的, 明白的(作表語),反義詞 unaware; awareness(n)
be ~ of sth; be ~ that
We are fully ~ of the gravity of the situation.形勢的嚴重
.Everyone was ~ that they were in danger. 每個人都意識到自己處于危險中。
You must be ~ that what you are doing is quite illegal.
Are you ~ that you are sitting on my hat?
I wasn’t ~ that he had felt deeply sad at the death of his friend.
用于否定句,后接wh-引導的從句, of可以省略
You are not ~ (of) how worried I felt about your safety.
你不知道我多么擔心你的安全。
We are not ~ (of) what he is longing for.我們不知道他在渴望什么。
I’m quite ~ how you would feel.
I’m too sleepy to be ~ how cold it was.
make sb. ~ that; make sb ~ of
What the teacher said made me ~ of the importance of English.
老師的話讓我明白了英語的重要性。
Also when you write your goals in a special way you are able to make yourself continuously aware of the situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
3.similar 1) 相似的, 近似的,類似的
We have ~ tastes in music.
I saw something ~ in yesterday’s China Daily.
2) be ~ to 與…類似/相似
His views are ~ to mine.
Mary’s hat is ~ to Jack’s.
3) similarity 名詞, 常與to/with /between連用
How much ~ is there between the two?
I can see the ~ between you and your mother.
English cooking has few similarities to/with French cooking.
4.danger 1)可數名詞,可能引起危險的人或事
Waste must be treated so that it doesn’t become a ~ to life.
Winding roads are a ~ to drivers.
He looked around carefully for hidden ~s.
The man is a ~ to society.
2) 不可數名詞, 一般的危險
Is there any ~ of fire?
In war a soldier’s life is full of ~.
3) in ~ 處于危險中; dangerous危險的
The man is in ~.
The man is dangerous.
be in ~ of處于危險中; out of ~ 脫離危險
The patient is in ~ of dying.
The patient is out of ~.
Today many kinds of animals are in ~ of dying out.
She was ill, but she was out of ~ now.
5.special discount特別減價,打特價 discount 名詞, 折扣
Students get a ~ on air fare.學生飛機票有折扣
We give 10 percent ~ for cash.現金付款打折10%
at a ~ 減價, 不值錢
He sold goods to her at a special discount.
6.drug 1)常用復數指毒品
It is dangerous to take drugs.
2)作定語, 修飾名詞
a drug addict/user吸毒者 a drug dealer毒販
3) 可數名詞,藥
The doctor prescribed a new ~ for his patient.開了一個2
The drugs act upon the nerves.這些藥品作用于神經
Period 2 Reading
Teaching Aims:
⑴ To improve students’ reading ability on reading expository
⑵ Enable students’ get the general knowledge of commercial ads and public ads
⑶ To let students know how to read expository writing
Teaching Important Points:
⑴ To improve students’ reading ability on reading expository
⑵ To let students know how to read expository writing
Teaching Difficult Points:
⑴ How to improve students’ reading ability on reading expository writing
⑵ How to let students read expository writing
Teaching procedure:
Step1 Lead-in
Thorough PPT, T can guide students to look at some commercial ads and public service ads and then ask questions like these:
T: Let’ share some beautiful pictures first. What are they? (advertisements)
As we know, ads are parts of our daily life. We can see them everywhere, especially when we watch TV. Do you like them?
T: Look at these pictures. Can you guess what kind of product or service is being advertised ?
(T then shows some pictures in part of welcoming to the unit)
Advertisement is now playing an important part in our life. Do you know how many kinds are there? And do you believe that ads tell the complete truth? Let’s look at a story on P2: Advertisement.
Step 2 Reading
1.Fast reading
Guide students go through the whole article, especially pay attention to the titles and the subtitles of the article.
T: what do you think might be discussed in the article from the title?
After Ss finish reading, T then go on asking some questions about the passage.
Q: What do advertisements encourage people to do?
What does PSAs stand for?
What are PSAs meant to do?
2. Intensive reading
(1) Invite one student to read the first passage and invite students to get the general idea of the passage.
(2) Detail reading
Read the following sentences and decide whether the statements in the following is true or false.
① Advertisements are found in many places.
② PSAs are only found in newspapers.
③ All advertisements tell the complete truth.
④ PSAs and commercial ads use some of the same methods.
⑤ Commercial ads can often give us valuable information about how to live our lives.
⑥ An ad warning people against smoking is an example of a PSA.
(1 T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6T)
(3) Discuss the structure of this article. How many parts is this article divided into?
Part 1 introduction of this article
Part 2 supporting details
Part 3 conclusion
T then ask Ss to read reading strategy: how to read a expository writing and tell them expository writing usually follows the same basic format. So when reading expository writing, we should pay attention to the information that comes after a statement. This information usually supports the main idea.
e.g. Let’s look at paragraph 3.
What is the subject of this part?
What information supports the idea?
What is the conclusion?
(4).Reading comprehension
Ask Ss to summarize the differences and similarities between the two types of advertisements.
Types of ads Similarities differences Examples
Places found Methods used purposes validity
Commercial ads Billboards, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio, television Persuasive language, exciting images To promote a product or service They do not tell you the complete truth. ‘Bright-teeth fights bad breath!’ ‘You are proud of your cooking, so shouldn’t you buy the very freshest food?’
PSAs To educate people about health, safety or any other issue which affects public welfare They are helpful and we can learn a lot by following the advice they give. ‘Yes to life, no to drugs’
‘Knowledge changes life’
‘Project Hope-schooling every child’
‘smoking is committing suicide slowly’
Step 3 Discussion
Now ads are becoming parts of our daily life. Do you like them?
Do you think it is necessary? Let’s have a discussion.
Step 4 conclusion and homework
Prepare for language points and underline the difficult on
Language Points
1. mean
mean to do 打算做某事 I meant to go to Nanjing tomorrow. 我打算明天去南京。
mean doing sth 意味著做某事 Getting up late means being late for school.
mean adj. 吝嗇的 He is a mean man.
2. be used to do / (doing) sth. ---get accustomed to (get, become, grow)
used to ---happened in the past
It is used to clean the blackboard.
I am not quite used to living here/city life.
He has been used to the weather here.
Before coming here, John got up late in the morning but now he is used to getting up early.
I used to live in Nanjing. I used not/didn’t use to live here.
There used to be a lot of trees, didn’t there?
Ex. The new machine _____production.
However I_____it.(A)
A. is used to increase; am not used to controlling
B. is used to increasing; don’t used to control
C. used to increase; don’t used to control
D. used to increasing; am not used to control
3. research: 1)n. do/conduct research on:
I’m doing ~ on ads. 我正在做關于廣告的研究。
2) V. to study
It is important for a businessman to ~ the market.商人研究市場很重要.
4. share with: use sth. together with
I’d like to share my book with you.
She _____ my troubles as well as my joys.(B)
A. shares with B. shares (in)
5. provide 1) ~ sb with sth ; ~ sth to sb;
Parents ~ their children with food and clothing.
He worked hard to ~ food and clothes for his family.
I am already ~d with all I need.
2) ~ for: 養活,提供生活費用; ~against 準備應付
He has a large family to ~ for.
He has no worries, only himself to ~ for.
Have you ~d against a coal shortage next winter?
3) provided (that)/providing (that)=only if; so long as
Provided/Providing (that)/Supposing there is no opposition we’ll hold the meeting here.
I’ll go provided/providing (that) my expenses are paid.
6. persuasive 有說服力的, 令人信服的
~ manner 曉之以理的態度 ~ argument 令人信服的論據
~ reasons 有說服力的理由 ~ article 有說服力的文章
7. encourage: give support or confidence to sb.
Don’t encourage bad habits in a child.
The teacher ~d her to watch English films.老師鼓勵她看英文電影.
8. believe in: to have firm faith in
Many people believe in God.
believe/believe in
I don’t believe in ghosts. I believe that stories of ghosts were made up by human beings.
9. promote 1) 促進, 提倡, 推廣
We must ~ stability and unity.
Milk ~s health.
The talk discussed how to ~ the friendship between the two countries.
The method must be ~d everywhere.
2) 晉級, 升職
He was ~d to the rank of the 1st mate.(大副)
Soon he was ~ d to be an engineer.
Despite the difficulties he was ~d to the 4th grade.
promotion n. 推銷, 宣傳(活動), 提升,晉級
10. for free: free of charge/without payment
You can take the ticket for free.
Every child can get a book for free. 每個孩子都會得到一本免費的書.
11. intend to: design/mean to do sth., ~ +n/ -ving /to do/that; ~ + 復合賓語
We ~ed no harm.
I hear they ~ marrying/to marry.
I intended to do it, but I’m afraid I forgot.
Do you ~ to make a long stay here?
He ~ed that his son should inherit(take over) his business
I ~ you to take over.
Let’s ask him what he ~ us to do.
The book is not ~ed to enlarge vocabulary.
The building was ~ed to be a museum.
The sweet wine is ~ed to be drunk after a meal.
What he said at the meeting ____ make us to support his idea.
A. intended to B. intends to C. was intended to D. is intended
注意: sth
同: intend/mean to do sth
sb to do sth
intend/mean for
They intend/mean no harm.
What do you intend/mean to do?
What do you intend/mean us to do?
The book is intended/meant for you
異: intend to do/doing sth=mean to do; meaning doing意味著
mean sb sth(intend沒有);
intend that打算; mean that意味著
mean 有意義, 有價值
12. protect…from…: keep sb/sth safe from
We should protect the earth from pollution.
People usually wear sunglasses to protect their eyes from being burned by the sunlight.
人們通常戴太陽鏡以妨眼睛被太陽灼傷.
More relative phrases:
protect/prevent…(from)…
stop/keep…from…
13. lie: lied(pt,pp), lying(pres p) vt.說謊
~ to sb. about sth.
She was lying!She lied to me about her age!
lie: lay(pt) lain(pp) lying(pres p) vi.平躺
He has lain in bed since this morning.
lay: laid(pt,pp)laying(pres p) vt. 放置
He laid his hand on my shoulder.
He laid the book on the desk and told me that he had lain in bed for the whole morning.
But I knew that he was lying to me.
14. cure 1) V ~ sb of sth
The doctor ~d her of her heart trouble.
He was ~d of lung cancer.
The illness can’t be ~d easily.
The fresh air on the farm ~d me of my headache.
2) 可數名詞, 治愈, 藥劑, 療法
The doctor can’t guarantee a ~.
Is there a certain ~ for cancer yet?
He has tried all sorts of ~s, but without success.
15. connect: bring together/join,常與 to 和with搭配
The tape recorder is ~ed to a loudspeaker.
Please ~ this wire to the next one.
The two cities are connected by a railway.
She is connected with a famous family.
You should not connect the two different things to each other.
I’ll connect you with Mr. Wang immediately. 接通王先生的電話
connection: n. in connection with
They are in connection with the case. 與…有關聯
16. fall for sth.: to be tricked, 受…的騙, 相信…: ~ sb/sth熱衷, 開始戀愛, 傾倒
You should be clever enough not to fail for his tricks.
He said that he was a student and I fell for it. 信以為真
Dick fell for baseball when he was a little boy.
They met, fell for each other and got married six weeks later.
Helen was such a pretty girl that Bill fell for her.
fall guy: person who is tricked
How could you be easily cheated by his words? You are really a fall guy.
fall for sb :be attracted to sb.
They met, fell for each other and got married six weeks later. More phrases about fall
fall down: fail
The plan fell down because it proved to be too expensive.
fall into sth: develop sth
You can not fall into the bad habit-smoking a lot.
fall off: decrease
The production has fallen off since last month.
fall to doing sth: begin to do
They fell to thinking about what had happened to them.
17. play tricks on: play a joke on
Children, as well as adults, usually play tricks on each other on Halloween.
The teacher asked us not to play tricks on each other any more.
trick: V. trick sb. into doing sth.
She tricked him into giving her all his money.
18. commit vt. 做錯事，犯錯誤，犯罪
she committed an unforgivable error. 她犯了一個不可原諒的錯誤。
The old man committed suicide. 那老人自殺身亡。
Vt. 把……交托給，把……提交給，把……押交，判處
I committed the matter to his care. 我把此事交給他處理。
Vt. 使承擔義務，使表態，連累，后常跟反身代詞oneself 作賓語
You don’t have to commit yourself at this stage.在這個階段你不需要承諾什么。
You don’t have to commit yourself now，just think about it.你不必現在表態，只需考慮干這件事。
Exercise for consolidation:
be used to do research on play tricks on
share…with encourage believe in lie
for free protect… from intend to
be aware of connect… with fall for
1 You should share your books with your desk-mate.
2 I am used to getting up early in the morning.
3 He intended to finish the project ahead of time, but he failed.
4 I will never fall for the words of door-to-door salesman
5 I never believe in God .
6 She is aware of the danger around her.
7 You will get a book for free.
8 The teacher asked us to do research on environment protection.
9 The special clothes will protect you from being attacked by wild animals.
Word power
Step1 Brainstorming
Write the following words on the Bb and ask students to analyse the part of speech of each word.
health/healthy/interest / interesting / decide/ decided / decision
happy/ happily / happiness / unhappy
Tell them the way to guess the meanings of the news words they come across when reading.
Step 2 Introduction of using suffixes
Noun +y/ ly/ ic/ al / ous/ ful / ish/ an / ible/ -------→adj.
health→healthy wealth→wealthy week→weekly month→monthy day→daily
hero→ heroic origin→original danger→dangerous mountain→mountainous
poison→poisonous help→helpful care→ careful beauty→ beautiful
Attention : change the final letter of a word before adding a suffix.
Fame→famous compete→competitive persuade →persuasive
Step 3 Consolidation ：
Finish the exercises on page 6and 7.
Step 4 Language points
1. be tired of =be sick of 對------厭煩
She has become tired of doing such things.這樣的事,她她已經干厭了.
be tired out = be worn out 累壞了
The work tired me out .這工作使我精疲力竭.
She was tired out by the journey. 這次的旅行把她累壞了.
be tired with =be tired from 因為------而疲勞
feel tired / his tired voice / her tired look / her tired feet
tiring jobs/ tiring work/ boring speech
2. feel like 后接名詞,動名詞,從句.
It feels like rain/ snow
I feel like he is telling a lie.
I feel like going to bed.
Do you feel like a cup of coffee?
3. on sale (美式英語)降價出售;(英式英語)出售
for sale 待售
4. available :可用的,可得到的,通用的,有效的
be available to sb
Free medical service is available to every citizen in this country.
這個國家每個公民都可以享受免費醫療.
These goods are available for export.
這些是供出口的商品.
be available for sth
5. discount 作名詞,(可數或不可數),意為”折扣”,”減價”.
These goods sell at a discount.這些商品打折出售.
They allowed us ten percent discount off/ on the prices of goods.
他們給我們按貨價打九折.
discount:作動詞,意為”打折扣”,”認為不重要””對------不全信”
They discount twenty percent. 他們打八折.
His rich experience is not to be discounted.他的豐富經驗不可小看.
6.ensure 1)“確保,保證”=make sure”
The book ensured his success.
Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night.
夜間務必把所有的燈關掉.
I can’t ensure his being there/ that he will be there.
我不能確定他會及時到那兒.
2) “保證得到”=make sb certain to get
These pills should ensure you a good night’s sleep.
這些藥可以保你睡一宿她覺.
3) “保護,使安全”=make safe
Parents should ensure their children against/ from danger.
父母應保護孩子免受危險.
Schools must ensure students against/ from risks.
學校應保護孩子免受冒險活動.
7.quality:作不可數名詞,意為”質量”.
Our goods are of high/ good quality. 我們的產品質量好.
We buy products of first-rate quality. 我們質量第一的產品.
作不可數名詞,意為”特性””品性””才能”
他是一位有許多優點的人.
語法：直接引語和間接引語
direct speech (direct narration) 直接敘述的話語，即直接引語。
（the style used in writing to report what someone said by repeating their actual words.）
reported speech (indirect speech) 轉告引述的話語，即間接引語。
（the style used in writing to report what someone said without repeating their actual words.）
Notes:
1． 引述一般疑問句或附加疑問句時，通常用whether或if引導，而引述選擇疑問句時，一般只能用whether引導。
E.g.: “Does he really mean it?”
---- I wondered whether/if he really meant it.
“They live in groups, don’t they?”
---- He asked whether/if they lived in groups.
“Is this book yours or his?”
---- She asked me whether this book was mine or his.
2． 引述特殊疑問句時，用原句中的wh-詞引導。
E.g.: “Why didn’t you stop her?”
---- He asked why I hadn’t stopped her.
3. 引述陳述句時，用連詞that引導（that在口語中常被省略）。
e.g.: He said, “I like it very much.”
---- He said that he liked it very much.
“I’ve left my book in your room.”
---- He told me that he had left his book in my room.
3. 引述祈使句時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變成帶to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等動詞，如果祈使句為否定句，在不定式 的前面加上not。
She said to us, “Please sit down.”---- She asked us to sit down.
He said to him, “ Go away!” ---- He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
---- He told the boys not to make so much noise.
在將直接引語變成間接引語時要特別注意幾個變化：
1） 人稱的變化： 間接引語是轉述別人的話，說話時由于角色的不同，人稱代詞要根據實際情況作相應的變化。
規律：一主二賓三不變
（即第一人稱看主語；第二人稱看賓語；第三人稱不變化）
e.g. Mr Black said, “I’m busy.”---- Mr Black said that he was busy.
“Do you mind my opening all your windows?” he asked us.
---- He asked us if we minded his opening all our windows.
2) 時態的變化：如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變成間接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要作相應的變化。中主句的謂語動詞是現在時，從句的時態則無需變化。
直接引語轉換成間接引語時時態的變化 例 句
直 接 引 語 間 接 引 語
一般現在時
一般過去時
現在進行時
過去進行時
現在完成時
過去完成時
一般過去時
過去完成時
過去完成時
過去完成時不變
一般將來量
過去將來時 He said, "I'm afraid I can't
finish this work."
He said, "I'm using the
knife."
She said, "I have not heard
from him since May."
He said; "I came to help
you."
He said, "I had finished my
homework before supper."
Zhou Lan said, "I'11 do it
after class." He said that he was afraid he
couldn't finish that work.
He said that he was using the
knife.
She said that she had not
heard from him since May.
He said that he had come
to help me.
He said that he had finished
his homework before supper.
Zhou Lan said that she would
do it after class.
2） 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
直接引語轉換成間接引語時的變化 例 句
直 接 引 語 間 接 引 語
this that
these those
now then
today that day
yesterday
the day before
tomorrow
the next (following)day
here there
come go
She said, "I will come this
morning."
He said, "These books are
mine."
He said, "It is nine o'clock
now.
He said, "I haven't seen her
today."
She said, "I went there
yesterday."
She said, “I'11 go there
tomorrow. ?“
He said, "My sister was
here three days ago."
She said, "I will come here
this evening." She said that she would go that
morning.
He said that those books were
his.
He said that it was nine o'clock
then.
He said that he hadn't seen her
that day.
She said that she had gone
there the day before.
She said that she would go there
the next (following) day.
He said that his sister had been
there three days before.
She said that she would go there
that evening.
Some languages points :
1.thrilling 1)形容詞,”驚險的” , “令人興奮的”.
There was a thrilling finish to the race.賽跑結果令人興奮.
2)名詞,可數,一陣強烈的情緒(快樂,激動,恐懼); 使人興奮的事情.
He felt a thrill the moment he got into the theatre. 他一走進劇院就感到一陣激動.
Meeting the Queen was a great thrill.
The movie was full of thrills.
2.over and over (again) 一再地,反復地
He repeated the story over and over again.
3.do seem “的確看起來------“
He does speak well.
She did come yesterday.
4.other than 除了=except
Is anybody other than yourself coming?
You’ll have to use this chair; there is no other than this.
在否定句中, 相當于besides
Besides you , no one is qualified.
5.remind 提醒,可接從句或不定式的復合結構.
May I remind you that the dinner –bell will ring presently? 我可以提醒你晚餐鈴就要響了嗎?
I write to remind you to send me the bill. 我寫信提醒你把帳單寄給我.
I remind him of his promise.
Do you remind him about the book he borrowed ?你給他提醒過他借的那本書了嗎?
6.learning soft:學習軟件,動名詞作定語,表示它的性質和類別.
如: sleeping train /dining-room / sitting-room / singing competition
7.user-friendly (尤指計算機硬件,程序等)易操作的,易懂的,易學的.
8.whenever possible= whenever it is possible
Come and see me whenever you want to.
9.eye- catching 搶眼的,由名詞+動詞+ing 構成 .如: peace-loving熱愛和平的
10.make sb +adj.
make me ashamed of myself
make the street as light as day
make sb aware of the danger
Period 5-6 Task and project
1.increase 既可做名也可做動，意為“增加，提高，增強”
There was a steady increase in production. 生產出現了穩步增長。
Foreign investments increased six times. 國外投資增加了六倍。
He increased the size of his farm year by year. 他逐年擴大了農場的規模。
2.go up 在句中表示“上漲，漲價”
Everything went up except salaries. 除了工資以外，所有的東西都漲價了。
Cotton has gone up. 棉花漲價了。
還可表示“上升，增長，升級”，“樓房等蓋起來，修建起來”
National income would go up next year by 8.6 percent. 國民收入將增長 百分點。
The temperature is going up. 氣溫要上升了。
There are supermarkets going up everywhere. 到處都在建超市。
How many houses have gone up this year? 今年蓋了多少房子？
3.figure 是“數字”
Let’s add up the figures. 讓我們把這些數字家起來。
amount 是“數量”
I am doing a certain amount of writing. 我正在從事一定數量的寫作。
rate 是“速度，速率”
The train is now going at a rapid rate. 火車正快速奔馳。
4.remain / stay the same表示“保持不變”，在此都是系動詞，表示“繼續保持，仍然處于某種狀態”
She remained calm. 她保持鎮靜。
The door remained closed. 門一直關著。
The shop stays open till 7 o’clock. 這個商店一直開門到七點。
5. start off 表示“開始”，或“動身，出發”
The play starts off with a murder. 這部戲以一場謀殺開始。
The boy started off across the field. 男孩動身穿越田野。
短語 start out 也有“動身，出發”之意思
We started out from home in the morning. 我們早晨從家里動身出發。
The professor ended up his speech. 那位教授結束了他的演講。
end up 還表示“最后（有某種結局），最后（成了），最后（到達某處）”
How does the story end up? 這故事最后結局如何？
He ended up as head of the film. 他最后成了公司的頭。
The car ended up in the ditch. 最后汽車掉到溝里。
5.vary 表示“有差異，變化”做不及物動詞
People vary greatly in their ideas. 人們的想法有很大的差異。
The sort of thing varies from person to person. 這一類的事因人而異。
vary 做及物動詞，表示“變換，是有變化”
You should vary your diet. 你應該變換你的飲食。
Old people don’t like to vary their habits. 老人不喜歡改變他們的習慣。
6.peak 是動詞，表示“達到高峰”
The flood waters should peak at midnight.洪水在午夜會達到高峰。
當名詞表示“山峰，浪峰，高峰”
The mountain peak was covered with snow. 山頂覆蓋著雪。
7.drop 句中做不及物動詞，表示“降低，下降” 還有“掉下，落下”
The price of sugar will drop soon. 很快糖價就要下降。
The teapot dropped out of her hand. 茶壺從她手中掉了下來。
He dropped his idea. 他放棄了想法。
drop還可表示“放下來，投下來”“放低，降低”
He dropped his bag. 他把包放了下來。
He dropped his voice, breathing with difficulty. 他壓低聲音，困難的呼吸著。
8. out of…在文中“…中間有”
Nine out of ten people will agree with what you say. 十分之九的人回同意你的觀點。
out of… 還表示“從…出來；出于，由于；用完，賣完；失去，沒有工作”
She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her. 她拿著鮮花從房間里出來。
She did it out of pity. 她出于憐憫做這件事。
Get out of the way. 滾開。
He was soon out of patience. 他很快就失去了耐心。
We are out of water. 我們的水用完了。
9.consider 表示“考慮”
跟名詞 Will you consider my request? 你考慮一下我的要求好嗎？
跟從句 The housekeeper considered how she could answer. 管家考慮他應如何回答問題。
跟動名詞 I must consider giving a new course. 我必須考慮教授一門新課程。
跟由連接詞引起的不定式短語 Have you considered how to get there?
10.update 表示“更新”，有時表示“使不過時，使現代化”
Do you want to update your furniture recently? 你最近想更新家具嗎？
11. It seem (to me) that …覺得，仿佛感覺到，似乎好像
It seems to me that someone is calling for help. 我似乎感到有人在喊救命。
It seems that nobody knew what had happened. 看來似乎沒有人知道發生什么事了？
seem 還可做系動詞，后面跟形容詞，分詞，名詞，介短
The doctor seems very capable. 那個醫生似乎很有能力。
She seems an unusually clever girl. 她看起來是個不同尋常的漂亮女孩。
12. have regretted 后面跟的動名詞的否定式 not having done
跟不定式 I regret to say that I can’t come. 很抱歉我不能來。
跟動名詞 He regretted being unable to help us. 沒有能幫助我們，他感到很抱歉。
對于發生在regret 之前的動作，用v-ing 的完成式或不定式來表示
I regret not to have taken his advice. 我后悔沒有聽從他的勸告。
I regret not having taken his advice. 我后悔沒有聽從他的勸告。
He taught me how to get my ideas across. 他教我如何講清楚我的想法。
Project
Step1 Encourage students to report the main idea of each paragraph
Paragraph 1 the definition of an campaign
Paragraph 2 the target audience and how to determine the target audience
Paragraph 3 what the ad campaign says
Paragraph 4 how to reach the target audience
Step2 Ask students to read the handout carefully. Then answer the following questions.
1.What do you know about an campaign?
An ad campaign is an organized programme of advertisements using various types of ads to reach a particular audience.
1. What must you keep in mind when you start a successful advertising canpaign?
A clear goal and target audience.
2. Why do you need to research your audience?
Because the right message needs to be created for the right people.
3. What is important when you are planning an ad campaign?
It is important to try to appeal to the way the audience will react.
4. What should your advertising campaign be based on?
Mainly on the target audience and the media that reaches that pqrticular group best.
Step 3 Ask students to do Parts B1 and B2 on page 91 of the workbook.
Step 4 Have students to do Parts D1 and D2 on page 93 of the workbook as homework.
1.determine 在句中表示“確定，決定”
Can we determine the date of our party? 我們現在能夠確定我們聚會的日期嗎？
Determine 表示“決心 ，決意做某事”后面跟不定式，從句，on 或upon 引起的短語。
I determined to travel no further that night. 我決心那天晚上不再游玩了。
He determined that he would go at once. 他決心馬上走。
determined 表示“決心，下定決心”，它作表語時，后面跟不定式或從句。
I was determined not to follow their advice. 我下定決心不聽從他們的建議。
2. appeal to… 在文中表示“投合興趣和愛好”
This idea appealed to our manager. 這個想法投合了我經理的想法。
和for 連用，可表示“呼吁請求得到什么”
They are appealing for money to build a new hall. 他們正在請求一筆錢以修建一個大廳。
He appealed to his friends’ money. 他請求他的朋友們給他一筆錢。
He appealed against the judge’s decision.
If you don’t obey me, I shall appeal to force.
3.approach 在句中是名詞,意為“對待,處理的方式和方法”常與介詞to連用
There is no easy approach to mathematics. 學習數學沒有輕松的方法。
還可表示“接近,走近”
His spirits rose at the approach of the holidays. 隨著假日的臨近,他的精神振奮起來。
The approach to the house was a narrow path. 通往那撞房子的路是一條狹窄的小道。
4. get … across “把…講清楚,使…被理解”
He taught me how to get my ideas across. 他教我如何講清楚我的想法。