（浙江省淳安中學(xué) 邵一平）
(1) 語(yǔ)法講解：同步教材重難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法講解
1. 不同時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)句形式（Revision of question forms in different tenses）
疑問(wèn)句就是提出問(wèn)題的句子。有四種：a. 一般疑問(wèn)句（General Questions）； b. 特殊疑問(wèn)句（Wh-Questions）；c. 選擇疑問(wèn)句（Alternative Questions）； d. 反意疑問(wèn)句（Tag-Questions）。
可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 如：
Who is that boy over there?
What do you know about Bob White ?
Which school did he go to last year?
Which school does he go to now?
Which subject is he going to study this term?
What was he doing at this time last week?
How many Chinese words has he learnt?
2.直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) (Direct and indirect speech)
當(dāng)說(shuō)話人引用別人的話時(shí)，可以用別人的原話，也可以用自己的話把別人意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，引用原話，稱為直接引語(yǔ)（Direct Speech），否則稱為間接引語(yǔ)（Indirect Speech）。直接引語(yǔ)通常用引號(hào)（“”）括起來(lái)，間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。
1. 如果引用的句子原來(lái)是一個(gè)陳述句，在間接引語(yǔ)中要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：
（1）在引語(yǔ)的開頭用連詞that，有時(shí)可以省略
He said: “mother, the boy is very naughty.”
He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.
（2）根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q
She said: “your pronunciation is better than mine.”
She said that my pronunciation was better than hers.
（3）注意間接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)與句子主要謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一致
“Frank, I came to return you the book,” Henry said.
Henry told Frank that he had come to return the book.
（4）根據(jù)意思將指示代詞，地點(diǎn)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作必要的更動(dòng)
She said: “I will come here again tonight.”
She said she would go there again that night.
2. 直接引語(yǔ)是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了注意人稱、狀語(yǔ)等的變更和時(shí)態(tài)一致之外，還要注意：
（1）把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，也就是說(shuō)要把主語(yǔ)放在謂語(yǔ)的前面。
He asked: “ How are you getting along?”
He asked us how we were getting along?
（2）在這種引語(yǔ)前“that”是永遠(yuǎn)也不能用的。如果是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句或反意問(wèn)句，在引語(yǔ)前要用連詞whether或if。
He asked: “Are you a Party member or a League member?”
He asked me whether I was a party member or a League member.
（whether…or…搭配，一般不用if）
“You’ve already got well , haven’t you ?” she asked.
She asked whether（if）he had already got well .
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作（the present continuous tense-future use;）
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞am，is或are加行為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。 基本用法是表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,可與now, at present, right now等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, often, all the time等連用可表示反復(fù)性、一貫性的動(dòng)作,且常帶有贊揚(yáng)或厭惡的感情色彩。除了表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和表示一貫性的動(dòng)作之外，還表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明: come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly, drive等動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)按計(jì)劃或安排好將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
典型例題1:I want to know when he _____ for New York.
A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. would leave
解析:由句意“我想知道他什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去紐約”可知此處表示將來(lái), D項(xiàng)為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),與主句時(shí)態(tài)不一致。故答案選B。
典型例題2: Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_______. (06福建卷24).
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
解析: 這里用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。是口頭通知的常用語(yǔ)，“女士們，先生們，清系好安全帶，飛機(jī)就要起飛了。” 故答案為B。
典型例題:
1.“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.
The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.
簡(jiǎn)析:一般說(shuō)來(lái),直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句,將其變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序要改為陳述語(yǔ)序。
2.“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.
The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.
簡(jiǎn)析:直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用相應(yīng)的某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài), 所以本句中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
3.“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.
The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.
簡(jiǎn)析:直接引語(yǔ)為客觀真理、格言時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)需改變。
4.“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.
Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.
簡(jiǎn)析:直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo),而不用that。
5.“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.
The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.
簡(jiǎn)析:直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一般也要作相應(yīng)改變,如
this, these, here, now, today, tomorrow, yesterday等分別改為that, those, there, then, that day, the next day, the day before等。
6.“Speak English more often in and out of class,” our English teacher said to us.
Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class.
Our English teacher suggested that we (should)speak English more often in and out of class.
簡(jiǎn)析:直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣需要使用ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞,其句型是:ask/tell/order someone to do sth.,但是suggest不能接不定式作賓補(bǔ),只能接-ing形式或從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)作賓語(yǔ)。
7.“Don’t play football on the street, little boys,” the policeman said.
The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street.
簡(jiǎn)析:如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句的否定式,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將其改為不定式的否定形式作賓補(bǔ),不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not,而不是加do not, does not, did not等。
8.“Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs?” the young woman said to me.
The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her.
簡(jiǎn)析:直接引語(yǔ)是一些表示請(qǐng)求、建議的疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 也變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ阶髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。需要注意的是應(yīng)根據(jù)原句的語(yǔ)氣選用恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。因?yàn)榇颂幵瓉?lái)的疑問(wèn)句用的是很客氣的語(yǔ)氣,改寫后不宜用order。
9.“You clean the classroom after class today, Tom,” said the monitor.
The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day.
簡(jiǎn)析:一般而言,祈使句是以動(dòng)詞原形開頭的,但是如果說(shuō)話人有意強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者,也可以在句首加上主語(yǔ)。我們?cè)趯⑵渥優(yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)不能將帶有主語(yǔ)的祈使句與陳述句混淆起來(lái)。
10.“It’s a fine day. Let’s go to the country for a picnic,” Peter said to me.
Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him.
簡(jiǎn)析:當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有多種句子形式如陳述句、祈使句、疑問(wèn)句等時(shí),我們就要用不同的方式將各種句子進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。因?yàn)樵渲兄苯右Z(yǔ)前面部分是陳述句,故變?yōu)橛蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,后面部分是祈使句所以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ阶髻e補(bǔ)。
(2)相關(guān)高考試題詮釋
[經(jīng)典句1]：1) I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.
2) Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. (Unit1, Speaking)
[考點(diǎn)透視]
句1)是“neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示兩個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)一致,但否定不同的內(nèi)容;若兩個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)不同,但否定相同的內(nèi)容,則用“neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。
句2)是“so +系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),表上句的情況也同樣適用于后者,其主語(yǔ)與上句的主語(yǔ)不同;而 “so +主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示上句提到的情形的確如此,對(duì)其進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào),兩句的主語(yǔ)相同。
[高考題1]---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
---I don’t know, _______. (MET 1991)
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also
[詮釋] 這里是“neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞”的句型。答案為 B.
[高考題2] --- David has made great progress recently.
--- _______, and _______.(上海1997)
A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have
[詮釋] 這是肯定語(yǔ)氣中的句型“so +系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為 B.
[高考題3]---It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
---Yes. ________yesterday（06福建卷）
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
[詮釋] 這里是句型“so +系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“昨天與今天一樣都天氣熱”，故答案為 A.
[經(jīng)典句2]：One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. (Unit1, Reading)
[考點(diǎn)透視] 連詞when引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。此處的when相當(dāng)于and then, and just at that time,可意為“就在那時(shí),突然”。主句多用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或be about to 結(jié)構(gòu),when 引起的從句則多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
[高考題1] We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. (04北京春)
A. when B. while C. until D. before
[詮釋] 此處的when意為“就在那時(shí),突然”。與后面的“suddenly”呼應(yīng)，故答案為 A.
[高考題2] He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.（06遼寧卷）
A. why B. where C. when D. while
[詮釋] 主句用了be about to 結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“正準(zhǔn)備做…”,與when 引起的從句連用。故答案為 C.
[高考題3].I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident __ ．(2006安徽高考)
A．went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C．was going; occurred D．was going; had occurred
[詮釋] 這里的主句要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),因從句中有when 引起的從句，而且從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案為 C.
[經(jīng)典句3]：Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow. (Unit1, Reading)
[考點(diǎn)透視] share作動(dòng)詞,表示“分享,共同使用;共同具有,有同樣的……”,share out表示“分給(一些人)”;share with表示“與……合用”。
[高考題] Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare? you must learn to _____. (NMET 2000)
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
[詮釋] 這里考查 “share with sb. sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為D.
[經(jīng)典句4]： ..., it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.( Unit 2, Reading)
[考點(diǎn)透視] knowledge通常為不可數(shù)名詞,但表“對(duì)…懂, 對(duì)…有某種程度的了解”時(shí),通常前面可加不定冠詞。
[高考題1] .They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German. （05 天津高考卷）
A. have B. did C. had D. do
[詮釋] 這里“have a good knowledge of English” ,意思為“對(duì)英語(yǔ)有某種程度的了解”，與后面的 “know”意思相同。答案為D.
[經(jīng)典句5]：For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. (Unit 2, Integrating Skills)
[考點(diǎn)透視1] stay在句中是連系動(dòng)詞,也就是說(shuō)stayed the same是系表結(jié)構(gòu),所以此時(shí)stay不可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
[高考題] Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ______ fresh for several days. (NMET 2003)
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
[詮釋] stay fresh是系表結(jié)構(gòu), 故stay是連系動(dòng)詞，答案是B.
[考點(diǎn)透視2] 連詞while在句中的意思是“但是、然而”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。
[高考題1] She thought I was talking about her daughter, ______, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.(NMET 1995)
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
[詮釋] 這里考查while連詞。在句中的意思是“但是、然而”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。所以選D.
[高考題2] We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ____, in fact, there were 40. (06全國(guó)卷II, 13)
A. while B. whether C. what D. which
[詮釋] 此處while在句中的意思是“但是、然而”, 表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。答案 A.
[高考題3] The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest. (06天津卷,).
A. since B. when C. as D. while
[詮釋] 此處while表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，“然而”，答案 D.
[經(jīng)典句6]： That’s why the words color, centre and traveler are spelt color, center and traveler in American English.( Unit 2, Integrating Skills)
[考點(diǎn)透視]why的意思是“為什么、……的理由”,在句中是連接副詞,引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,從句的內(nèi)容表示結(jié)果。
[高考題] You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.(NMET2004 31)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
[詮釋] 檢查考生對(duì)名詞性從句的掌握和運(yùn)用能力。意思為“你說(shuō)人人應(yīng)該平等，在這一點(diǎn)上我不敢茍同。”where 在表語(yǔ)從句里充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，有“在…地方”的含義。B最佳。
[經(jīng)典句7]： However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. (Unit 2, Integrating Skills)
[考點(diǎn)透視] 表示“做某事有(無(wú))困難”可用句型have (no)difficulty (in)doing sth.,其中的difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞,也可以用trouble,句型中的介詞in可省掉;如表示“在某方面有(無(wú))困難”,則用have (no) difficulty with sth.
[高考題] .There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. （2005 上海卷）
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
[詮釋] 這里是考句型, “there be no difficulty about (in) doing sth. =have (no) trouble in doing sth”, 表示“做某事有困難”, difficulty 和trouble 都是抽象名詞，故答案為C.
[經(jīng)典句8]：...or simply to get away from cold weather. ( Unit3, Reading)
[考點(diǎn)透視] get away from除表示 “逃離”外, 還可意為 “走開, 離開;拿走,(使)離開”。
[高考題] His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _____ from home and earn some money on his own. (北京2002)
A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away
[詮釋] 這里考詞組短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。run away from從……逃跑;掙脫……;take away from 從……拿走;keep away from “(使)不靠近”。根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)選D。get away from意為 “走開,離開;”
[經(jīng)典句9]：You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. ( Unit3, Reading)
[考點(diǎn)透視] 連詞unless的意思是“除非、如果不”,常可以與if...not互換。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。
[高考題1] The men will have to wait all day ______ the doctor works faster. (北京2001春)
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
[詮釋] 這里連詞unless是“除非、如果不” 的意思，故選B.
[高考題2] You will succeed in the end ______ you give up halfway. (2001上海春)
A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless
[詮釋] 用unless引導(dǎo)假設(shè)關(guān)系, 對(duì)比“succeed”與“give up”兩者關(guān)系，意為 “除非你中途放棄，你會(huì)最終成功的。”
[高考題3]. ________ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. (06北京卷，33)
A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
[詮釋] 這里unless意思是“如果不”,可以與if...not互換。答案: A
[考例4] We don’t keep winning games _______ we keep playing well. (06浙江卷，2)
A. because B. unless C. when D. while
[詮釋] 這里連詞unless是“除非”的意思。強(qiáng)調(diào)條件。答案: B
[經(jīng)典句10]： By staying at hotels in Red River Village, tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the river and the birds. (Unit3, Integrating Skills)
[考點(diǎn)透視1] by用作介詞,表示“用……方式,憑借……手段”,后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)用其-ing 形式。
[高考題1] One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them. (北京2001春)
A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
[詮釋] 由句意及連詞and可知,空缺處應(yīng)與making mistakes并列作介詞by的賓語(yǔ),故選B。
[考點(diǎn)透視2] so that通常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是“為了……、以便于”,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。此外，so/ such a… that 還可表示結(jié)果。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中一般不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。
[高考題2] Roses need special care _____ they can live through winter. (NMET 2004)
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
[詮釋] 根據(jù)題意 “玫瑰需要特別的關(guān)照以便它們能夠越冬”,可知此處表示目的,故選B。
[高考題3].His plan was such a good one ______ we all agreed to accept it.（06陜西高考卷）
A. as B. that C. so D. after which
[詮釋] 這里such a… that 連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。答案B.
(3)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題: (30道)
1. Mary was about to go to bed ___________ someone knocked at the door.
A. when B. while C. as D. since
2.---Why are you so tired?
--- I have been cleaning the room _______ this morning.
A. all time B. all the time C. all times D. the all time
3、Because the climbers _____a heavy rain, they had to stop climbing the high mountain.
A. caught B. caught in
C. were caught D. were caught in
4. We ________ visiting the Great Wall next week.
A. thought B. wanted C. considered D. expected
5. He told me that he better .
A. was, that day B. is, today C. was, this day D. is, the day
6. I did wrong to him. Please ____sorry to him _____ me.
A. say; to B. say; for C. tell; for D. tell; to
7. Would you like _________ some coffee?
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. to drinking
8. I _______ back tomorrow unless it______
A. will; rains B. will be; rains
C. am; rains D. will be; is going to rain
9. He ________ a week in finishing the experiment.
A. took B. cost C. spent D. paid
10. Jane ______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
11. It is said that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer, How does this ?
A. come from B. come back C. think about D. come back
12. They went on a travel on foot _________by bus.
A. instead B. take the place of
C. in the place of D. instead of
13. --- Take a short rest, will you?
--- Ok, I’m tired after a long walk.
A. more or less B. more and more
C. as a result D. for example
14. I know that gentleman like you ____ only large notes.
A. take B. fetch C. bring D. carry
15. You must do _______ I tell you.
A. that B. as C. like D. which
16. It didn't take long before the wooden building ______by the fire.
A. swallowed up B. was swallowing up
C. was swallowed up D. has swallowed up
17. Another wave _____the house, and a strange cracking noise began.
A. struck B. beat C. felt D. dragged
18. I ________ he will visit the United States with me.
A. am hoping B. hope C. have hoped D. am hoped
19. George _____the good chance to hand his suggestions to the director, and at last, it was accepted.
A. covered B. seized C. advance D. thought
20. I prefer coffee _____ milk. But they prefer _____ juice ______ soup.
A. to; to drink; drinking B. to; drinking; to drinking
C. at; drinking; to drinking D. at; to drink; to drink
21. We had to pay the rent two weeks in_______.
A. advance B. trouble C. ahead D. total
22. The slaves were fighting _____the slaver owners _____ their freedom.
A. for; with B. for; against C. with; against D. against; for
23. Paper __________ easily.
A. is catch fire B. catches fire
C. is caught fire D. is on fire
24. The old lady, _____ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.
A. all her children B. all of her children
C. all of whose children D. whose all children
25. When Lucy came back from work, she found her husband _____ in the kitchen and all the housework ____.
A. cooking; done B. cook; done
C. cooking; do D. cooking doing
26. The box is _______ what I saw in the shop.
A. same as B. the same like
C. the same that D. the same as
27. The name sounds like a stranger, _______ I think I have never heard.
A. whom B. of which C. to which D. which
28. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
29. The students ______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.
A. had written; left B. were writing; has left
C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left
30. It ________last night, for the ground is wet.
A. must rain B. must have rained
C. must to rain D. must have rain
(4)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題答案詳解:
1. 與主句be about to 結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)系起來(lái)考慮,此處的when相當(dāng)于and just at that time,意為“就在那時(shí),突然”。答案為A.
2. 從謂語(yǔ)“have been cleaning”可知是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以是“all the time”，意思是“一直”，答案為B.
3. 表示“受困，受阻”意思的短語(yǔ)是“be caught in”. 這里要注意用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)， 還要不忘記接介詞in, 在雨中是“in the rain”. 所以答案是D.
4． 這里要看動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的搭配，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞visiting 只有consider后直接跟動(dòng)名詞。 Want 和 expect 要跟動(dòng)詞不定式， think 要加介詞 of / about 再接動(dòng)名詞。所以答案是C。
5. 考查間接引語(yǔ)的用法。 動(dòng)詞told過(guò)去式時(shí)，后面跟的賓語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)一致。相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也要改變。所以答案是A.
6．考查短語(yǔ)搭配。 “say sth．to sb. for sb”意思是“替某人向某人說(shuō)……”。所以答案是B.
7．would like后跟不定式，不跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式。所以答案為C。
8．在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。這里是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)。所以選B。
9．考查近義詞的區(qū)別。都是“花費(fèi)”之意。Take 主語(yǔ)通常是it; spend指花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢，主語(yǔ)通常是人; cost主語(yǔ)通常是物； pay主語(yǔ)通常是人,但要注意搭配“pay sb. Sth. 或pay for sth.”。所以要選C.
10．這里考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 must have done“想必或一定已經(jīng)做……”。Should have done “本應(yīng)該做… 而沒(méi)做”.would have done“本來(lái)會(huì)做而沒(méi)做”，need have done“原來(lái)需要做…”. 所以從文中 “kept her word”與“changed her mind”，可推出答案是B.
11. 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。come from “來(lái)自”；come back“返回” ; .think about “思考，考慮” ； come about“產(chǎn)生，帶來(lái)”。 根據(jù)句子意思，是“全球變暖是怎么產(chǎn)生的。”答案為D.
12．instead of介詞短語(yǔ)，表示“舍去”的動(dòng)作，即不去做； instead 放句尾，表示“取”的動(dòng)作，即去做某事；in the place of= take the place of 都表示“代替，替代”。 所以答案為D。
13. 此題考查副詞短語(yǔ)的不同意思和用法。這里副詞短語(yǔ)都做狀語(yǔ)，但意思不同：more and more“越來(lái)越多”；
as a result“結(jié)果是”；for example“舉例”；more or less “或多或少”，表示程度，所以選A.
14．這里考查動(dòng)詞的近義詞的區(qū)別。都有“攜帶，拿，取”的意思。 Take “帶來(lái)”； bring“拿去”；fetch“去取回來(lái)”；都有方向性。“carry作“帶”講，沒(méi)有方向性。這里是“隨身攜帶”的意思。 所以答案是D.
15．a(chǎn)s用作連接代詞，“按照，正如”的意思。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 故選B。如果加個(gè)名詞/代詞作賓語(yǔ)（作先行詞），再跟個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，那么就選A 或C了。Like 是介詞。故不對(duì)。
16. 這里考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)式用法。句子意思“木屋被大火所吞沒(méi)”， 從時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)上考慮，答案是C.
17. 這里是動(dòng)詞近義詞的區(qū)別。Beat “鞭打，毒打”；feel “觸摸，感覺(jué)”；drag “拖，拽”； strike “敲打，沖擊”, 所以選A.
18．這里考查hope 動(dòng)詞的用法，一般狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。從后文的will 可知賓語(yǔ)是將來(lái)時(shí)，所以選一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，答案B。
19． 這里與chance 的搭配只有seize, 表示“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”的意思，其他的動(dòng)詞都沒(méi)有這樣的搭配，所以答案B.
20．這里考查prefer的兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)“prefer sth．to sth．和prefer doing．．to doing…的區(qū)別。句子為 “I prefer coffee to milk. But they prefer drinking juice to drinking soup.” 意思是“咖啡與牛奶我更喜歡咖啡，但他們喜歡喝果子汁勝過(guò)喝湯。” 所以答案選B。
21. 這里考介詞短語(yǔ)的含義區(qū)別, in trouble “陷入困境”; in total “總共,總計(jì)”; in advance “事先”; ahead “在前,超出”(不需加介詞). 從句子意思看, 應(yīng)選A.
22.本題考查的是與fight搭配的介詞的用法，“為……而和某人作斗爭(zhēng)”應(yīng)為fight against/with sb. for sth.。 答案：D
23.本題考查的是詞組catch fire 和on fire的用法及區(qū)別。我們可以看出出題人想表達(dá)的句意思為“紙張很容易著火”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的應(yīng)該是“著火”的瞬間動(dòng)作，而不是“(火）正在燒”的狀態(tài)，故要選擇catch fire，而A選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)的，C的語(yǔ)態(tài)不對(duì)，不應(yīng)用被動(dòng)態(tài)。答案：B
24. 本題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇，首先從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出“___ had been killed in the war”是“the old lady”的定語(yǔ)從句，先排除A和B項(xiàng)，而D項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)序顯然是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)為all whose children。答案：C
25.本題考查的是find和一些感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的各種形式。首先判斷句意為“露西下班回到家時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)她的丈夫正在廚房做飯而且所有的家務(wù)都已經(jīng)被做完了。”所以，我們可以先排除C和D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榈诙罩暗馁e語(yǔ)“all the housework”和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“do”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，而第一空之前的賓語(yǔ)“her husband”和其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“cook”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，并強(qiáng)調(diào)“cook”這一動(dòng)作在“露西下班回到家時(shí)”正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在分詞來(lái)表示。答案：A
26.形容詞same之前，一般要有定冠詞the，而且same 應(yīng)與as連用。答案：D
27. 本句是一個(gè)含有介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。作“聽說(shuō)”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用hear of sth. / sb.，故關(guān)系代詞which之前應(yīng)用of。答案：B
28．本題考查的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。這句話的意思是“你應(yīng)給讓把東西放在能夠再找到的地方成為一條規(guī)矩。where在該句中作連詞，該地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于“in the place where you can find them again”的關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。答案：B
29.從busily一詞和when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知，“學(xué)生們正在忙于寫字”，又因?yàn)椤鞍褧谵k公室”這件事發(fā)生在“拿書之前”，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，這句話的意思是：“當(dāng)布朗小姐去辦公室拿她忘在那兒的書時(shí)，學(xué)生們正在忙于寫字。”答案：D
30. 這里是考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣用法，這里的時(shí)間是last night,對(duì)過(guò)去的猜測(cè)用“must have Vpp”, 后面for 引導(dǎo)的句子是根據(jù)，“因地上是濕的”。答案為B.