Unit 1(Senior 3)
1 charity
（1）n.-ties
施舍；布施 慈善機(jī)構(gòu)；慈善事業(yè)；慈善團(tuán)體
The Red Cross is an international charity.紅十字會(huì)是個(gè)國(guó)際性的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。
練習(xí) ：她出于慈善幫助他。
常用：in charity出于惻隱之心、對(duì)...有好感(with)
out of charity (with) 對(duì)...沒有好感
2 need
（1）常用 A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患難之交是真朋友。
be [stand] in need of ... ...需要...
have need to do sth.必須做某事
（2）n.需要, 必需in need of
Is there any need for you to do sth?
There is no need for [sb to do sth.
(3)常用復(fù)]需要的東西daily needs\ satisfy one's needs滿足某人的需要\
練習(xí) ：(1)他本不需要做這件事。
(2) 他們需要食物, 食物對(duì)一切生物是必不可少的。
(3) 沒必要擔(dān)憂。
(4) 你無需告訴他這一消息, 那只會(huì)使他悲哀。
3 raise vt .raised, raising
（1）抬高；舉起
He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂舉過頭頂。
I will not raise a hand against you.我不會(huì)做任何不利于你的事。
（2）提高；增加
to raise salaries提高工資
to raise the rent提高租金
（3）招募
to raise an army招募一支軍隊(duì)
（4）養(yǎng)育；栽培
to raise a family供養(yǎng)一家人
（5）（常與up連用）提出
I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my nerve.
"我想向會(huì)議主席提一個(gè)問題,但立刻我又沒有了勇氣。"
（6）（常與up連用）建造；建立
to raise a memorial建造紀(jì)念碑
lift raise elevate辨析
都含“舉起”的意思。
lift 指“用體力或機(jī)械力把某物從地面舉到一定的高度”, 如:
She can lift a pail of water from the ground.她能把一桶水提起來。
raise 與Lift 可換用, 但著重“垂直高舉”或“將物件由較低處移至較高處的適宜位置, 以發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用”, 如:
raise a flag.升旗。
elevate 指“提高(嗓子、思想等)”, 如:
Good reading elevates the mind.閱讀好書可使思想高尚。
4 expect vt.
（1）預(yù)料；預(yù)期
I expect he'll pass the examination.我預(yù)料他會(huì)通過考試。
The chairman of the committee expect to be back next Thursday.委員會(huì)主席預(yù)計(jì)下星期四回來。
The first message is expected to arrive at 7 this evening.第一次信息預(yù)計(jì)在今晚7點(diǎn)到達(dá)。
（2）期望
The officer expected his men to do their duty.軍官期望他的部下盡職。
The shop expect to make a small profit this year.這家店鋪期望今年能賺點(diǎn)錢。
（3）以為；料想
‘Who broke that cup?’ I expect it was the cat.
“誰(shuí)打破了杯子？”我看是貓打破的。
A: Is the famous singer going to give any performance at the evening party? B: I expect so.
甲:這位著名歌手在晚會(huì)上要表演節(jié)目的吧?乙:我想是吧。
I expect not.; I don't expect so.我認(rèn)為不會(huì)。
（4）期待
Most of the parents expect much of their children.大多數(shù)父母都對(duì)自己的子女寄予很大希望。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)
as one might expect正如人們所預(yù)料的
as might have been expected (=as was expected)果然不出所料
expect sb. to be期望某人成為...
expect sth. of sb.對(duì)...的期望[要求]
5 （1）break away逃走；逃脫
Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules. (喻)
現(xiàn)代音樂如爵士樂擺脫了舊的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則。
斷裂；開裂
A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.一大塊冰從整個(gè)大冰塊上斷裂開來。
（2）break down破壞；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據(jù)說和談破裂了。
（機(jī)器）損壞
Our truck broke down outside town.我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。
失敗；破裂
Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見打消了。
精神崩潰；失去控制
He broke down and wept.他不禁失聲痛哭。
起化學(xué)變化
Food is broken down by chemicals.化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。
（3）break in闖入；強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入
The burglar broke in and stole my money.夜竊賊破門而入,偷了我的錢。
打斷；插嘴
It's her usual habit to break in with some ideas of her own.他常常打斷別人的話來發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。
The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thoughts.電話鈴聲打斷了我的思路。
（4）break into
闖入
The thieves broke into the office and stole some money.小偷闖入辦公室，偷了一些錢。
突然…起來
to break into song突然唱起歌來
The car windows broke into pieces when the two cars crashed into each other.
兩輛車相撞時(shí)車上的窗玻璃破裂成碎片。
（5）break out
逃脫；逃出to break out of prison
突然發(fā)生
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighbourhood.昨天快半夜了這兒附近發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。
（6）break through
突破
At last, those physicians and specialists broke through in their fight against heart disease.
那些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生和專家們終于在同心臟病的斗爭(zhēng)中取得了突破。
（7）break up
分裂 結(jié)束；解散
The crowd started to break up when the night fell.天快黑時(shí)人群開始散開了。
The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖,冰層就會(huì)破裂。
Their marriage broke up.他們的婚姻破裂了。
The police broke up the fighting crowd.警察驅(qū)散了打架的人群。
The company top meeting didn't break up until midnight.公司高層會(huì)議到半夜才結(jié)束。
The police broke up the fight among the two black gangs.
警察驅(qū)散了兩個(gè)黑幫間的毆斗。
（學(xué)校）開始放假
When will you break up this winter?今年冬季你們什么時(shí)候放假?
6 volunteer
（1）n.志愿者
We want some volunteers to help paint the house.我們想要幾個(gè)自愿幫助漆房屋的人。
（2）volunteer vt., vi.、（常與to連用）自愿去做，主動(dòng)請(qǐng)求去做
Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts.
與此同時(shí),許多大學(xué)生自愿在罷工持續(xù)期間去駕駛公共汽車。
（常與for連用）作為支愿者，志愿參軍
volunteer their services; volunteer to give blood.志愿提供他們的服務(wù)；自愿獻(xiàn)血
7 famine n.饑荒
die of famine餓死
goods famine商品奇缺
8 arrange vt.
排列, 分類, 整理I arranged books on the shelves.我把書架上的書整理好
商定, 約定I have arranged to meet her at ten o'clock.我約定在十點(diǎn)鐘會(huì)見她
準(zhǔn)備, 安排, 籌備I've arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.我已安排了一輛汽車去車站接他們。
調(diào)解(糾紛), 處理arrange a quarrel[dispute, difference]調(diào)解爭(zhēng)執(zhí)[糾紛, 爭(zhēng)論]
改編, 改寫arrange a novel for the stage把小說改編成劇本
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：arrange for安排, 準(zhǔn)備
arrange with sb. about sth.與某人商定某事
9 starve vi., vt. starved, starving
餓死，使 餓死 饑餓，使饑餓
She's lonely, and starving for companionship. 她很寂寞，渴望友誼。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：starve for (=be starved of)渴望; 極需; 缺乏
starve sb. into用饑餓迫使...
10 delight vt., vi.
給予樂趣；使人高興
I was delighted to be invited to her party.我很高興被邀請(qǐng)參加她的晚會(huì)。
（常與in連用）熱衷于；引以為樂
She delights in cooking lovely meals.她以烹飪美食為樂。
Delight n. 樂趣；喜悅；欣喜
to laugh with delight高興地大笑
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：take delight in喜愛, 以...為樂
to sb.'s delight令人高興的是...
delight in喜愛, 以...為樂
11 aid vt.幫助, 援助, 救護(hù), 接濟(jì)
I aided him in his enterprise.我?guī)椭鲞@一事業(yè)。
Aid vi. 援助.接濟(jì).幫助
They aided in solving the problem.他們幫忙解決這個(gè)問題。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：with the aid of借助于, 通過...的幫助
come to sb.'s aid前來[去]援助某人
first aid(對(duì)傷病人員的)急救
in aid of用以援助...; 作為援助...之用
lend one's aid to給予援助
12 appeal vi.
（1）呼吁；懇求
The government is appealing to everyone to save water.政府呼吁每個(gè)人節(jié)約用水。
（2）（常與to連用）吸引；引起興趣
Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you?你有沒有興趣到合資企業(yè)去工作?
（3）（與to連用）求助于
to appeal for aid
（與to連用）指出；引證，引…為證
（常與to連用）上訴；訴諸于
13 come to
（1）涉及；談及
When it comes to politics I know nothing.談到政治，我一無所知。
（2）獲致；到達(dá)；結(jié)束
They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake.
他們得到的結(jié)論是他們犯了一個(gè)不可饒恕的錯(cuò)誤。
The water came to my waist.水已達(dá)我的腰部。
（3）總共；共計(jì)
The bill came to $5.50.賬款共計(jì)5美元50美分。
（4）突然想起
Suddenly the words of the song came to me.我猛然想起了這首歌的歌詞。
（5）come to oneself恢復(fù)從容；恢復(fù)知覺，蘇醒
14 pick up
（1）To take up (something) by hand:拿起用手拿起（某物）：
pick up a book.撿起一本書
（2）To collect or gather:收集或聚集：
picked up the broken pieces of glass.拾起玻璃碎片
（3）To tidy up:整理，收拾：
Let's pick up the living room.我們收拾一下臥室吧
（4）To take on (passengers or freight, for example):承載（客人，貨物等）：
The bus picks up commuters at three stops.公共汽車在三個(gè)站載送通勤者
（5）To acquire casually or by accident:不經(jīng)意得到隨便或偶然地獲得：
（6）To acquire (knowledge) by learning or experience:學(xué)得通過學(xué)習(xí)或經(jīng)歷獲得（知識(shí)）：
picked up French very quickly.很快地學(xué)起法語(yǔ)來
（7）To buy:購(gòu)買：
picked up some beverages on the way home.在回家的路上買些飲料
（8）To accept (a bill or charge) in order to pay it:付帳為買某物而付（款或賬）：
Let me pick up the tab.我來付計(jì)程車的錢
（9）To come down with (a disease):染上（病）：
picked up a virus in the office.在辦公室染上病毒
（10）To take into custody:監(jiān)護(hù)，逮捕，拘捕：
The coast guard picked up five smugglers.海岸檢查官拘捕了五個(gè)走私犯
（11）增加 pick up speed加速
15 （1）in hand Under control:在控制之：在手頭, 現(xiàn)有, 在進(jìn)行中; 在考慮中;
The project is well in hand.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃控制得很好
（2）off (one's) hands
We finally got that project off our hands.
我們最終使得那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃不再歸我們管
（3）on hand .可用的 在手頭, 在手邊; 現(xiàn)有 即將到來, 即將發(fā)生; [美]在場(chǎng), 到場(chǎng)
（4）on (one's) hands or upon (one's) hands
In one's possession, often as an imposed responsibility or burden:
由某人負(fù)責(zé)歸某人所有，經(jīng)常指一種強(qiáng)加的責(zé)任或負(fù)擔(dān)：
Now they have the grandchildren on their hands.
現(xiàn)在他們需要照管孫子
（5）on the other hand
As another point of view; from another standpoint.
從另一點(diǎn)來說；從另一個(gè)角度出發(fā)
（6）out of hand
（7）have a hand in干予, 參與, 插手
16 supply vt. -plied, -plying
（常與with連用）供給；提供
That company supplies paper to the printers.那家公司向印刷商提供紙張。
When money is in short supply many businesses fail."銀根吃緊時(shí),許多企業(yè)會(huì)倒閉。"
n. -plies儲(chǔ)備；貯藏
Our supplies for this month are in the cupboard.我們這個(gè)月的生活用品在櫥子里。
量 a large supply of food 大量的食物
供應(yīng)量 ；(pl) 供給，供應(yīng)
The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不應(yīng)求。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：have a good [large] supply of備有許多
in short supply供應(yīng)不足
supply...for把...供給
supply ...with向...供應(yīng)
17 closely adv.接近地 緊密地 嚴(yán)密地
The two things are closely interconnected.這兩個(gè)事物是相互緊密地聯(lián)系在一起的。
Close adv.接近地；緊密地 She came close to him.她走近他。
18 mark n.斑點(diǎn)；疤痕；
You have a dirty mark on your face.你臉上有個(gè)臟點(diǎn)。
痕跡；標(biāo)志
It is dangerous to swim beyond this mark.游泳超出這個(gè)標(biāo)志是危險(xiǎn)的。
分?jǐn)?shù)；點(diǎn)數(shù)
He got 90 marks for Chinese.他漢語(yǔ)考了90分。
The teacher gave me a good mark for my story.老師給了我的故事以好的評(píng)分。
(give sb.) full marks for (doing) sth.贊許；佩服
記號(hào); 符號(hào)
Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.在那個(gè)句末劃一個(gè)問號(hào)。
目標(biāo); 靶子
He fired but missed the mark.他開槍射擊卻沒擊中目標(biāo)。
比較：sign
身勢(shì)，姿勢(shì)；
He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟著他（走）。
告示；標(biāo)語(yǔ)； 牌示，牌子
The sign by the road said ‘No Parking'.路邊的牌子上寫著“禁止停車”。
跡象；征兆；征候
There are no signs of life about the house.這房子沒有有人住的跡象。
signal
（為了警告、命令或報(bào)信而發(fā) 出的）信號(hào)，暗號(hào)
The railway signal showed that the train could pass.鐵路的信號(hào)標(biāo)志顯示火車可以通過。
〈鐵路〉信號(hào)燈交通管理色燈，紅綠燈；（無線電或電視）訊號(hào)，圖像
19 sensible adj.
明智的； 有判斷力的
a sensible person; a sensible choice.通情達(dá)理的人；明智的抉擇
If you are sensible ，you will study for another year.如果你明智的話，你就再學(xué)習(xí)一年。
That was sensible of you.你做得明智。
It’s sensible of sb to do sth.某人做某事很明智。
可感覺的；能注意到的
He is sensible of the danger of his position. 他發(fā)覺他處境危險(xiǎn)。
I am sensible that a good deal more is still to be done”“我認(rèn)識(shí)到還有許多事情要做”
辨析Sensitive adj.
（常與to連用）敏感的； 易感受的
She is sensitive to what people think of her.她很敏感人們對(duì)她是怎么想的。
（常與to連用）高精密度的（儀器）
20 common adj.
共同的, 公共的, 公有的, 普通的, 庸俗的, 偽劣的
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：have nothing in common (with)(與...)沒有共同之處
in common共同， 共同享有的， 共同使用的
in common with和…一樣
out of (the) common不尋常的， 特殊的
common interests.共同利益
the common people老百姓
common knowledge\sense常識(shí)
common characteristic共同特點(diǎn)
common beam標(biāo)準(zhǔn)天平； 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
a common saying俗話
common ordinary general辨析
都含“普通的”意思。
common強(qiáng)調(diào)“常見的”、“ 不足為奇的”， 如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常見。ordinary強(qiáng)調(diào)“平常的”、“平淡無奇的”， 如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不過是面包和牛奶。general意為“普遍的”、“一般的”， 如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 這本書是為一般讀者寫的， 不是為專家寫的。
21 comment n.
評(píng)語(yǔ)；批評(píng)；評(píng)注；注釋
add comments or explanations加注釋或說明
He made a comment about the bad road.他對(duì)這條糟糕的路發(fā)表評(píng)論。
No comment!無可奉告!
Comment vi.（常與on, that連用） 評(píng)論；注釋；批評(píng)
He commented on the bad road.他評(píng)論這條糟糕的路。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：ask for comment征求意見
make comments on\ upon sth.評(píng)論某事
offer comments提意見
No comment .無可奉告。
without comment不必多說
comment on評(píng)論， 談?wù)摚?對(duì)...提意見