Art and architecture

New words:

1. design vt. 設(shè)計(jì)，計(jì)劃

1) vt.設(shè)計(jì)

He had designed all the scenes.

2)(多用被動(dòng))目的是，打算給…用

a) be designed for

to do

This found is designed to help worthy students.

The course of study ids designed to help those wishing to teach abroad.

b)be meant for打算給(誰),打算(作什么用)

What (Who) is this meant for?

Is this picture meant for me?

The room was originally meant for workers’ reading-room.

c)intend…for

be intended for (原)打算給(某人),準(zhǔn)備讓…干

I intended ( meant ) that for you.

I intended these flowers for your mother , but as she is away I’d be glad if you would accept them.

This gift is intended for you.

The movie is intended for the adults only.

n. 1) 設(shè)計(jì)[c,u]

2)圖案,圖樣,式樣[c] pattern

I like the design of your furniture.

The cloth has a pattern of red and white squares.

*by design有意地 (反) by accident 無意地

Did you do it by design or by accident?

2. furniture n. [u]

The room was small and contained far too much furniture.

The furniture was moved in.

a piece of / an article of furniture 一件家具

3. convenient adj. suited to one ‘s needs 便利的, 適宜的

a convenient house/ time/ store

It is convenient to do sth.

be convenient to sb./ for sb. 不能人作主語

Will the 3:30 train be convenient for you?

Come whenever it is convenient to you.

It is convenient to live in the modern house.

convenience n. 方便, 合適 [u]

at one’s convenience在方便的時(shí)侯,以方便的方式

Deal with it at your convenience.

We’ll meet at your convenience.

4.construct vt. build, more formal than make

construction n.

under construction

There are two new hotels near here under construction.

5.impress vt.

1) fill sb. with admiration給人深刻的印象,引人注目

be impressed by/ at / with被…所感動(dòng)

I was very impressed by/ with their new house.

We were deeply impressed by his deeds.

2)銘刻,銘記, 讓明白(…的重要性)

impress on sb. sth.=impress sb. with sth.

My father impressed on me the importance of hard work.

He impressed me with the importance of the work.

=He impressed on me the importance of the work.

3) be impressed on one’s mind/ memory被印在腦海里，留下很深印象

What he said that day was deeply impressed on my memory.

6. belong to (1.不能用被動(dòng)2.只有一般時(shí)，不用進(jìn)行時(shí))

That dictionary belongs to me.

is belong to me.×

is belonged to me.×

is belonging to me.×

belongs to mine.×

is mine.

China is a country belonging to the third world.

belongs to×

which is belonged to×

belonged to×

which belongs to

Text:

1. If …were/ did …, … would …

If I were you, I would go with him.

If she stayed at home now, she would be watching TV.

If …did/ should/ were to…, … would…

If …h(huán)ad done…,…would have done…

2. I’d prefer

prefer用法：

1） prefer+ n.

Would you like to live in a modern flat or do you prefer a traditional house?

2) prefer + to do

In which house would you prefer to live?

3) prefer + doing

I prefer working on my own.

4) prefer sb./ sth. to sb. / sth.

Even today, most Americans prefer coffee to tea.

5) prefer doing to doing

I prefer staying at home watching TV to going shopping out.

6) would prefer that

I’d prefer that the job were a little closer to my home.

3. I’d rather

1) would/ had rather do

I’d rather go myself.

2) would rather have done寧愿做過

I’d rather not have said that.

3) would rather do ..than ..do

I’d rather stay at home than go out.

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.

4)would rather did

I’d rather you went there.

4.take examples from模仿

His designs tale examples mainly flowers and plants.

follow ( copy) example of 以…為榜樣

set an example to

take … for example

5. have sth./ sb. do

have sb. / sth. doing

have sth. done 1)讓別人來做某事2）遭到某種情況

have sth./ sb. to do

won’t have sb. doing容忍

1) I won’t have him cheat me.

2)He had the fire burning all night.

I had a car waiting at the gate.

3) I’ll have my bike repaired.

Why didn’t you have your suit cleaned?

King Charlie had his head cut off.

She had her watch stolen.

4) Do you have any clothes to wash?

Do you have any clothes to be washed?

5) I won’t have you saying like that.

get sb. to do sth.

get sb./sth. doing

get sth. done

get married /changed/drunk

eg. Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ___ went wrong again.

A. it B. it repaired C.repaired D. to be repaired

6. 1)find + O + adj.

I found English hard to learn.

2)find +O + n.

I find it a hard book.

3)find + O + doing

We found him waiting to receive us.

4)find + O + done

On his return from his office, he found the house deserted.

He found the door closed.

5)find + O + adv.

We went to her house but we found her out.

6)find + O + prep. phr.

I found myself in prison.

7)find + O + to be

I find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.

We found him ( to be ) dishonest.=that he was dishonest.

8)find + O + that

I called on her this evening ; but I found she had gone to the country on a visit.

7.go against 1)違背，違反

You can’t go against nature.

Her father is so strict that she is scared to go against his wishes.

2) 對…不利

The case may go against you.

The game was going against us.

8.While in traditional architecture materials such as earth, stone, brick and wood are used, the materials of modern architecture are steel, glass and concrete. 傳統(tǒng)建筑使用土石和磚木等材料，而現(xiàn)代建筑的材料是鋼鐵和混凝土等。

while是并列連詞，表示對比，這時(shí)兩部分是并列關(guān)系。

Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.

Books were everywhere on the floor while magazines covered the table.

9. include包括，包含（部分，可能還有別的）

contain 1) to hold裝2）包含，含有（強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)）

The plan includes most of your suggestions.

The price includes both house and furniture.

Everyone laughed, me included.

including me.

This bottle contains two glasses of beer.

His paper contains no mistakes at all.

Hamburger is a kind of food containing fat

contains ×

contained ×

to contain ×

which contains

10. 1) despite

He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.

2) in spite of

He came to the meeting in spite of rain.

3) although

Although my car is very old, I don’t want to buy a new car.

4) though

Though it is hard , I enjoy it.

5) as

Young as (though) he is, he knows a lot.

Hard as he studied, he failed.

Try as he might, he failed.

6)when

Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such

a good one already? 你已經(jīng)有了這么好的工作，

干嗎還要找新工作呢?

7) while盡管,雖然(多放在句首)

While they are my neighbours, I don’t know them well.

While I understand what you say, I don’t agree with you.

11.refer to

12.pull down

13. decorate…with… 用…裝飾

be decorated with

She decorated her room with flowers.

All the walls of her room are decorated with pictures of pop stars.

14.remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事，使某人想起

remind sb. to do sth.

remind sb. that

This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.

Remind me to write to Mother.

The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.

The sight of the clock reminded me to leave at once.

15.compare …with…

compare… to…

compared with/ to…同…相比

When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being Completed D. to be completed

16.set aside

1) save for a special purpose把…放在一邊，擱置；留出

She set aside a little money every week.

He set aside the book and turned off the light.

2)pay no attention to無視，不管

Setting aside what I think, what would you like to do?不用管我怎么想，你想干什么？

17. of different sizes

of + n.用來表示人或事物說具有的特征或性質(zhì)，作表語或后置定語

a. 指人,物（表語）

They were both of middle height.

be of different sizes, weights, shapes

b. （定語）

He is a man of character.

I don’t find anything of interest (anything interesting)?

c. be of great value/ interest / use/ importance/benefit/ help

be very valuable/ interesting/ useful/ important /beneficial / helpful

The book is of great value.

The book is very valuable.

18. far from 1）遠(yuǎn)

　　How far is it from your office to the bank?

2) 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是，不僅不…(而且)

a. far from doing

She is far from being pleased about it; she is very angry.

Far from admiring his paintings, I dislike them intensely.強(qiáng)烈地

b. far from + adj.

It is far from perfect.

She was sure that she was far from happy.

But I was still far from satisfied.