【知識網(wǎng)絡】
一、重點詞匯與短語
1．a(chǎn)dmit vt.承認；準許……進入（使用）vi.容許；承認
admit sb.(sth.)into/to sth.允許某人（物）進入
sb. be admitted to school (hospital)接受某人入學（院）
admit sth./doing sth./that clause承認……
2．occupy vt.使忙碌；使從事；占有
The table is already occupied.
The company occupies the entire building.
He is occupied in repairing farm tools.
be occupied in doing sth./with sth=be busy doing sth./with sth.
occupy oneself in doing sth./with sth.忙于（做某事）
3． anyway adv.無論如何；即使如此
I’m going anyway, no matter what you say.
It’s too late now, anyway(anyhow).
Anyway (Anyhow), you can try, even if there’s not much chance of success.
4． stick vt.使停止；阻塞；刺；伸出；粘貼
He stuck his fork into a big piece of meat.
Don’t stick your head out of the window of the car.
A nail stuck in the tyre of my car.
Our car got stuck in the mud.
stick to堅持stick out伸出……stick on貼住
5．a(chǎn)cquire vt.學到；獲得acquisition n.獲得；得到
The company has acquired shares in a rival business.
She acquired an American accent while living in New York.
acquire a habit of smoking養(yǎng)成抽煙的習慣
acpuire a bad reputation得到壞的名聲
6． instruct vt.教；指導；指示
instruct sb. in sth.教導某人某事
instruct sb. to do sth.命令某人干某事
follow the instruction遵從指示
I am instructed to inform you that the minister is not willing to make a statement.
7． take a risk/take risks冒險
We ought not to take risks.
You are taking a big risk driving so fast.
at risk處于危險之中；at the risk of冒……的危險
8． fall behind落后于；拖欠
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.
He always falls behind when we’re going uphill.
Make sure not to fall behind with your rent, please.
二、詞義辨析
1． wage, income, pay, salary, wages辨析
income:收入、收益、進款（統(tǒng)稱）；
pay:薪水，工資；最普通用語，特指海陸軍人及其他在政府部門工作的人的薪水；
salary:薪水；指從事腦力勞動的勞動者，如事務員、記者、教師、牧師等的薪水；
wages:(復)工資；指勞動者的工資，通常指給予短期工作者的報酬；
fee:手續(xù)費，薪金；指付給律師、醫(yī)師或其他專業(yè)人員的酬金、學費等。
2． wealthy, rich與well off
wealthy富的；一般指財勢上的“富裕”，常指擁有大量財產(chǎn)的人，有時也指擁有其他東西，此時與rich通用；rich豐富的，富有的，可指錢財，也可指物質(zhì)上、精神上的其他東西，主語可以是人，也可以是物；well off富裕的；指人的富裕，但程度不如wealthy，通常指“小康的富足”。
三、重點句型
1．It’s twice the size of Tiny Tim.
它是Tiny Tim的兩倍大。
倍數(shù)表達法，參見前面units 5－6內(nèi)容。
2．Much good may it do you！
愿圣誕賜福于你！
本句是一倒裝句型，it指圣誕節(jié)。May用來表示愿望。祝愿、祈求等，通常用倒裝句表達。
如：
May you all be happy! 愿你們都快樂幸福。
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Long live China! 中國萬歲！
3．We’ll toast to the New Year with a glass of bisho wine.
讓我們一起喝一杯加香料的果子酒，以賀新年。
toast to 祝酒，干杯。如：
Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.
女士們，先生們，我提議為新娘和新郎干杯。
4．It takes patience to learn a language.
學習語言需要耐心
take在此處相當于ask for, require 等，常用作It takes…to do sth .
四、語法復習
1．狀語
（一）狀語的定義
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。
（二）狀語的表現(xiàn)形式
（1）副詞及副詞性詞組
Light travels most quickly.光傳播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.到處都能見到工廠和建筑物。
（2）介詞短語
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年了。
In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.盡管有困難，但是我們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。
（3）不定式（短語）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.他因通過高考而感到自豪。
The box is too heavy for me to lift.這個箱子太重，我抬不起。
（4）分詞（短語）
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房間里做一架飛機模型。
Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice.他不知道怎么辦好，就去問老師。
Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.在老師的鼓勵下，我決心把英語學好。
（5）名詞（短語）
Wait a minute.等一下。
Would you please come this way?請這邊走。
I go to school every day.我每天去上學。
（6）從句
Once you begin, you must continue.一旦開始，你就得繼續(xù)下去。
It is very difficult to live where there is little water.在沒有多少水的地方，生活是十分艱難的。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.為了趕上其他人，我必須更努力學習。
（三）狀語的種類
狀語按照內(nèi)容可以分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、方式、程度伴隨情況等。
（1）時間狀語
How about meeting again at six?六點再見面怎樣？
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.下雨天，我通常乘公共汽車去上學。
（2）原因狀語
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚沒有去參加舞會。
Since you are very busy, I won’t trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打擾你了。
（3）條件狀語
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨，我將到那里去。
As (So) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.只要你努力，你就可以在英語方面取得很快的進步。
（4）地點狀語
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3樓。
Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方，就有生命。
（5）方式狀語
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.她小心地把雞蛋放在藍子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.他用這種方式極大地改善了他的英語口語。
（6）伴隨狀語
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她進來時手拿著一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老師走了進來，后面跟著一群學生。
（7）目的狀語
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.為了趕上其他人，我必須更努力學習。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一個朋友。
Bring it close so that I may see it better.把它拿近些，以便我看得更清楚些。
（8）結果狀語
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累極了，立刻就睡著了。
He is so good a teacher that the students love respect him.他是一位很好的老師，學生們都敬愛他。
（9）讓步狀語
She works very hard though she is old.雖然她年紀大了，但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.不管你什么時候來，都歡迎。
（10）程度狀語
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.聽了英雄的故事，他們深受感動。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意見。
（11）比較狀語
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English, the better I?ll be.我越多講英語，就講得越好。
注：副詞修飾動詞時放在行為動詞之后或動詞的賓語之后，修飾形容詞或副詞時放在被修飾詞之前。
如：
They study hard.他們學習努力。（修飾動詞）
He was very sad.他非常傷心。（修飾形容詞）
She speaks English quite well.她英語講得很好。（修飾副詞）
We go to school on foot.我們步行上學。（介詞短語，修飾動詞）
（四）狀語的位置
英語中狀語的位置比較靈活。影響狀語位置的因素很多，如強調(diào)的程度、句子的平衡及狀語本身的長短等都可以影響狀語的位置。
（1）修飾謂語的狀語通常放在謂語（及賓語）之后。
He walked very quickly.他走得很快。
I saw him the other day.幾天前我見過他。
The match was put off because of rain.比賽因下雨而推遲。
（2）修飾謂語動詞的狀語有時不止一個，主要歸納為下面幾種情況。
①如果有多個時間狀語或地點狀語，我們一般把單位小的放在單位大的前面，這和漢語的次序正好相反。
如：
We are going to meet him at the airport at two o’clock this afternoon.我們將于今天下午兩點到機場迎接他。
②如果句中既有時間狀語，又有地點狀語，則地點狀語通常放在時間狀語之前。
如：
I?ll meet you at the theatre at six瞭hirty.我六點半在劇院跟你見面。
I studied English at the university for five years.我在這所大學學了5年英語。
③方式狀語的位置一般放在時間、地點狀語之前；如果地點狀語較短，則放在地點狀語之后。
如：
The lady sat down and ate greedily before others.那女子坐下，然后在眾人面前狼吞虎咽地吃了起來。
Susan got there on foot yesterday.蘇姍昨天步行到那里。
（3）表示頻度的副詞像offten, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, ever, rarely, generally, constantly等，通常要放在主動詞的前面；如果謂語部分含有情態(tài)助動詞、基本助動詞或動詞be，就要放在這些動詞之后。
如：
He is always busy.他總是很忙。
I usually go to work at eight in the morning.我通常上午8點上班。
We often meet at the bus station.我們常常在公共汽車站碰面。
I shall never forget that day.我永遠不會忘記那一天。
（4）不定式短語作目的狀語，通常放在句末，有時為了強調(diào)也可放在句首；不定式短語作結果狀語則通常放在動詞后面，
如：
Most countries use these satellites to send and receive messages.大多數(shù)國家利用這些衛(wèi)星發(fā)送和接收消息。
The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.英國人則會后退，以保持一定的距離。
To make this news certain, he carried out a thorough investigation after the meeting.為了證實這一消息，他會后進行了徹底的調(diào)查。
Two years later, her father disappeared, never to be heard from again.兩年之后，她父親失蹤了，再也沒聽到他的音信。
（5）瞚ng分詞短語作方式、伴隨狀語常放在被修飾的動詞之后；作時間、原因狀語等常放在句首；作結果、目的狀語常位于句末。
如：
They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他們正在吃早餐，談論著旅行計劃。
In Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right hand.在阿拉伯國家，人們用右手手指吃飯。
Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.由于與別的大陸已分離了幾百萬年，澳大利亞有許多動植物是世界其他地方所沒有的。
The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.這種魚兩分鐘內(nèi)就可以把一個人吃掉，只剩下骨頭。
2．虛擬語氣（Ⅰ）
（一）語氣的定義和種類
（1）語氣的定義
語氣是動詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。
（2）語氣的種類
①陳述語氣
表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。
如：
We are not ready.我們沒準備好。
Did it rain all day yesterday?昨天下了一天雨嗎？
What a fine day it is!多好的天氣啊!
②祈使語氣
表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。
如：
Be careful!小心!
Don’t forget to close the window.別忘了關窗。
Open the door, please.請打開門。
③虛擬語氣
表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設或推測等。
如：
I were you, I should study English.如果我是你，我就學英語了。
I wish you could go with me.但愿你能同我們一起去。
May you succeed!祝您成功!
（二）虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法
條件句有兩類，一類是真實條件句，一類是虛擬條件句。如果假設的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實條件句。在這種真實條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如：If it doesn?t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。
如果假設的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或將來不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。
如：
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件事的。（事實上他昨天沒見到你，因此也未能問你這件事。）在含有虛擬條件句的復合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。
（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設和結果
If I were you, I should (would, could, might) tell him the truth.
要是我是你，我就會（可能）對他說實話。
If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.如果他有時間，他就會（可能）和你去。
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒問題了。
（2）表示與過去事實相反的假設和結果
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t (couldn’t) have failed in the exam.
如果你按照我的建議去做，你一定不會（不可能考試不及格）。
If I had had the money last week, I should (would, could, might) have bought a car.
如果上星期有了這筆錢，我就會（可能）買1輛車。
She would(could,might) have telephoned you immediately, if she had won the game.
如果她比賽贏了，她就會(可能)給你打電話。
If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would(could,might) have met the famous singer.
如果你早來幾分鐘的話，你就會(可能會)見到那個著名的歌唱家。
(3)表示與將來事實可能相反的假設和結果
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would, could, might) go to see my grandmother.
如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。
If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。
If it should rain, the crops would(could, might) be saved.
假如天下雨，莊稼就一定(有可能)得救。
（4）主、從句的動作發(fā)生時間不一致的情況
有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。
If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.如果你當初聽了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。(從句動作指過去，主句動作指現(xiàn)在)
If you had practised speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently.
如果你多練習講英語，現(xiàn)在就能講得很流利了。
①省略連詞if
在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把這幾個 詞放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝。如：
Should he come(If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。
Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it.我要是你，就不做這事。
Had he been more careful(If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.如果他細心些，這些錯誤本來是可以避免的。
在虛擬條件句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式，其句首不能用助動詞的縮略否定式。如我們可以說：
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Paris. 但不能說： Weren’t it for the expense,I would go to Paris.
②用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句
有時假設的情況并不用條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。
如：
Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.
如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。
But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help)I couldn?t have done it.
要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。
假設的情況有時可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如：
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. )我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。(如果我那天不忙的話，我就……)
I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.(If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)我本來該完成這項工作的，但我生病了。（如果我沒生病的話，我就會完成……）
（5）省去條件從句或主句
表示虛擬敢的主名或從句有時可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。
①省去條件從句
You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。（省去了“If you had wanted to”）（事實是：你自己沒洗衣服，因為你不想洗。）
②省去主句（常用以表示愿望）
If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊！（事實是：祖母已不在世。）
If only she had not left!如果她沒走就好了!（事實是：她已經(jīng)走了。）
If only the wind would stop!風要是停了該多好!（事實是：風停的可能性很小。）
【考點透視 考例精析】
[考例1] I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.
A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on
[解析] A 本題考查with+賓語+賓語補足語構成的復合結構，區(qū)分非謂語動詞作賓補的區(qū)別，準確把握句子結構是解題關鍵，B不符語法，C表已做，D表還未做，A表正進行。
[考例2] ----Will $200 _________?
----I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A．count B． satisfy C．fit D．do
[解析] D 本題考查動詞詞義辨析。count數(shù)數(shù)，satisfy使?jié)M足，fit合適，do意為“可行，行”。故選擇do。
[考例3] Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _______ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A．when B．while C．since D．once
[解析] A 本題考查連詞用法，稍加分析題干便知，主句動作與從句動作哪個在先，最后不難判斷應該選when，相當于at that time,“這時”或“就在這里”。
[考例4] In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ______ in personality.
A．contact B．contrast C．connection D．conflict
[解析] D 本題考查詞義辨析。contact接觸，聯(lián)系，交際，交往；contrast對比，對照；connection聯(lián)系，關系；conflict爭論，沖突，抵觸，斗爭。根據(jù)題意應選D項。
【基礎演練】
一、據(jù)首字母（漢語提示）填詞，完成句子。
1．He set high ____ __(規(guī)范) of behavior for his pupils.
2．We should have a good ____ __(問心無愧).
3．The teahcer c___ ___ his hands to make the pupils quiet.
4．The president _ ____(親自) answered her letter.
5．One of his ____ __(抱負) is to study abroad.
6．What is his real ____ __(動機)？
7．Mr. Chen i ___ ___ us in maths.
8．Where did you study last a____ __ year.
9．The new law will come into o___ ___ next month.
10．He has made a speech a__ ____ to the occasion.
二、單項選擇
1．All the parts of these washing machines are ______, so that it is very convenient to replace them.
A．normalized B．modernized C． mechanized D．standardized
2．The trade agreement helped to strengthen the ______ between the two countries.
A．dependence B．derivation C．bond D． bearing
3．Though her father did not like the young man, she married him ______.
A． anybody B． anyhow C． anyone D．a(chǎn)nywhere
4．Mary is ______ a translation of a French novel.
A．engaged with B．busy in C．a(chǎn)bsorbed to D．occupied with
5．This ticket ______ one person to the show.
A． promises B．enters C．a(chǎn)dmits D． includes
6．Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he ______ his opinion.
A．stuck at B．strove for C．stuck to D．stood for
7．I ______ their method of making the machine.
A．a(chǎn)dopted B．voted C．elected D． commended
8．Once a decision has been made, all of us should _______ it.
A．direct to B．stick to C．lead to D．refer to
9．If people keep polluting the rivers, no fish there will survive ______.
A．a(chǎn)t all cost B．for a long while C． in the long run D． by no means
10．It was only with the help of the local guide _______.
A．we the mountain climber rescued
B．that the mountain climber was rescued
C．when the mountain climber was rescued
D．then the mountain climber was rescued
【能力拓展】
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
Central Park
Outside among the trees, watch the wildlife both the human and animal varieties. Call （212）360-3465 or (212)360-2726 for daily events and tours. Central Park stretches from “59th to 110th” Sts, and from “5th Ave. to Central Park West.”
Empire State Building
This is among the most striking buildings in the city, the nation, even the world. The observation deck (瞭望臺) on the 86th floor is open to the general public, offering a wonderful view of the city. On the second floor you?ll find the New York Skyride, a simulated (模擬的) helicopter ride over Manhattan. 5th Ave. at 34th St. Midtown/ (212)736-3100.
Intrepid Sea睞ir睸pace Museum
Five blocks west of Time Square, this museum has hundreds of air, deep瞫ea and space exhibits. Walk the flight deck of the 900瞗oot瞝ong aircraft carrier Intrepid, see dozens of old and modern aircraft and ride the Intrepid Navy Flight Simulator. Pier 86. W. “46th St. and 12th” Ave./(212)245-0072.
Madison Square Garden
If it?s big, it probably happens at the Garden. Check out sporting events, concerts and much more. Tours are available.“ 7th Ave. btwn. 31th” and 33th Sts, Midtown/(212)465-6741.
1．The New York Sky ride is for______ .
A．sightseeing B．flight training
C．model plane sports D． city transportation
2．If a visitor is interested in music, he will probably go to ______ .
A． Central Park B． Empire State Building
C．Intrepid Sea Air Space Museum D．Madison Square Garden
3．What is the purpose of these texts?
A．To provide information of living in New York.
B．To provide directions of city traffic in New York.
C．To give visitors a guide to New York.
D．To give a brief introduction to the history of New York.
參考答案
高三部分
Units 7~8 (B3)
基礎演練
一、1．standards 2．conscience 3．clapped 4．personally 5．a(chǎn)mbition 6．motivation
7．instructs 8．a(chǎn)cademic 9．operation 10．a(chǎn)ppropriate
二、1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．B
能力拓展
參考答案及解析：
1．A
2．D根據(jù)文章最后材料。
3．C為的是向來到紐約城市的人們介紹這座城市。